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OF THE

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

November 6th, 1855. ^~" /V^ 3
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Mr. "Ward, F.L.S., exhibited a fine growing specimen of Holcus
saccJiaratus, Ard., raised in a closed case in January, and planted
out on a bank in his garden when about 10 inches high.

Mr. Westwood, P.L.S., presented a fruit of Luffa j^gyptiaca,
Mill., a plant cultivated in all warm countries, and commonly
called the Towel-gourd. The specimen presented was dried, Kke
those so frequently seen in collections, with the pulp washed out ;
but was remarkable as being part of a cargo imported from the
West Indies for the purpose of paper-making. The beautiftd net-
work fibre is also bleached and made into picture-frames, basket-
work, reticules, &c.

Mr. "Westwood also presented an abnormal growth of the Aspa-
ragus officinalis, L., from his garden at Hammersmith, in which
the flattened stem, not thicker than a card, had attained a width
of an inch and a half.

Bead an Extract from a Letter addressed by Thomas Shearman
Ralph, Esq., A.L.S., to Mr. Kjppist, " On the Katepo, a supposed
Linn. Peoc. a

i PBOOEEDINGS OF THE

poisonous Spider of New Zealand." (See " Zoological Proceed-
ings," p. 1.)

The reading of Mr. Ealph's letter was followed by a conver-
sation on the habits of spiders generally, and especially on those of
Argyroneta aquatica.

Mr. Ealph also presented specimens of several microscopic
objects, including the tongue and tooth of a leathery species of
Chiton, and the sting of a Mosqtuto opened out. The latter he
describes as follows : " A sheath, which is open anteriorly, and
has also the property of being bent at a right angle to allow of the
deep insertion of the sucking-tube, which is yellow, is furnished on
either side with two fine lancet-shaped instruments, having their
tips serrated, and also with a third, apparently placed anterior to
the sucking-tube, and constituting a true lancet, by means of
which the first puncture is made ; the tube and jaws enter together,
the latter following up the work of the lancet."

November 20th, 1855.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Eead "Eemarks on some habits oi Argyroneta aquatica^'' by the
President. (See " Zoological Proceedings," p. 3.)

E-ead also a Paper " On some new species of ChamcelauciecB,''
by Dr. C. P. Meisner. (See " Botanical Proceedings," p. 35.)

Dr. Meisner' s Paper was followed by a " Notice of two appa-
rently undescribed species of Genetyllis, from S.W. Australia," by
Bichard Kippist, Esq., Libr. L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings,"
p. 48.)

Dec^ember 4th, 1855.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

John Francis Champion, Esq., Daniel Hanbury, Esq., Eobert
Hulme, Esq., John Lee, Esq., LL.D., Lester Lester, Esq., and
James Townley, Esq., were elected Fellows.

' LIircrEAN SOCIETY OF LONDOK. iii

Read Extracts from two Letters addressed to the President by
Henry Evans, Esq., of Darley Abbey, near Derby, giving an account
of his experience in shooting Seals on the coast of Ireland, and
noticing the occurrence in the neighbourhood of Eoundstone, near
CUfden, of the Harp-Seal, Plioca Grcenlaniica, L.

Eead also " Observations \xpon Mj/stropetalum aniC^nomorium,''*
being a continuation of Dr. J. D. Hooker's Memoir " On the
Structure and Affinities of BaJanopliorets,^'' read during the last
Session, and ordered for publication in the " Transactions."

December 18th, 1855.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

William Archer, Jun., Esq., and AVilliam Dickinson, Esq., were
elected PeUows.

JVIr. "W. Pamplin, A.L.S., exhibited some living speciniens of
the Water-spider {Argyroneta aqiiaticd).

Prof. Bentley, F.L.S., exhibited the following specimens :— 1st.
A fasciated branch of the Larix europcea, Dec. 2nd. A cluster of
flowers of the Tanacetum vulgare, in which some of the plants had
acquired an abnormal development apparently from the attack of
insects. 3rd. A monstrosity of the Papaver hracteatum, Lindl.,
in which the stamens showed a gradual transition into pistils.
This he considered a very interesting specimen, as no such trans-
itions occur naturally between these organs, although such are
common between stamens and petals. In this specimen the ab-
normal bodies in some cases exhibited partially developed anthers
containing poUen on their outer surface, while their inner bore
numerous ovules. Prof. Bentley stated that he had observed the
flowers of the plant from which his specimen had been taken to
exhibit the above peculiarity for two seasons successively ; and he
thought therefore that it was probable such a variety would
become permanent.

Dr. J. D. Hooker, E.L.S., read a " Note on some species of
West Indian Seeds washed up on the coast of South Wales."

a 2

IT PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

Read a Paper " On a new genus of Ferns ;" by Thomas Moore,
Esq., r.L.S. &e.

The reading was commenced of a Paper " On the Natural His-
tory of the Glowworm {Lmnpyris noctiluca, L.) ;" by the late
George Newport, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S. &c. Prepared from the
Author's MS. by Prof Ellis of University College. (See " Zoolo-
gical Proceedings," p. 40.)

January 15th, 1856,

Thomas BeU, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Nathaniel H. Mason, Esq., John E. Mummery, Esq., and E. J.
Shuttleworth, Esq., were elected EeUows.

The Eev. C. A. Johns, E.L.S., exhibited a drawing, and a spe-
cimen in spirit, of the SpJiceria militaris, found by him in June
last, growing upon a chrysalis among dead leaves, in Buckley Yale,
Devon.

Mr. "WiUiam Matchwick, with the permission of the President,
exhibited specimens of the fruit, and a tracing of the leaf, of
Paulownia imperialis, gathered by him on the 18th ult. in the
neighbourhood of the Champs Elysees, Paris, where the fruit had
ripened in the open air, on a tree about 20 ft. high.

Mr. "W. "W. Saunders, E.E.S., E.L.S. &c., exhibited several spe-
cimens of a kind of insect- wax, and of several vegetable substances,
collected by Mr. E. W. Plant in Natal ; and read the following
extract from INIr. Plant's letter relating to them, dated Natal,
15th August 1855 :—

" Loose in the box you will find some berries (Atvmber). The
outer covering contains tannin of great strength, and excellent ink
is made of them. The kernel yields oil, but of its quality or
quantity I cannot speak. I have also sent a small parcel of
insect-wax (^Gian), which, if it does not compete with that of
China, may have peculiarities of its own worth knowing. It is in
extensive use among the Kafiirs for a very singular purpose.
Every man taking a wife is distinguished by wearing a coronet,

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. T

formed by twisting the hair on the crown of his head into an oval
ring by means of this wax, which, when finished, has much the
appearance of a ring of iadia-rubber, and as it is never covered
either from heat or moisture, and the man is never afterwards
without this ornament, the wax must have some very enduring
properties.

" There is also included a sample of three or four kiads of
indigenous medicines. The first is a species of Polygala, which
has been used with success by some of our doctors as a substitute
for the Sadix serpentaria of the West. No. 2 is our sarsaparilla.
No. 3 I take to be colocynth. No. 4 is called by the natives
Maimdi, and it is from the Amatinga country, where it is held as
a specific for the relief of sun-stroke. No. 5 (Tambesi) is the
tooth-ache plant, known, I believe, on the Cape frontiers. I am
assured by those who have used it, that a piece of the root rubbed
upon the gums will loosen any tooth, so that the vilest may be
removed."

Read, a " Note on Lepidosiren arnieetens-" by Edward New-
man, Esq., r.L.S.

Eead also, a "Note on a supposed species of Pelopceus •,''^ by
E. Newman, Esq., E.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," p. 39.)

Bead further, " A Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected
by Mr. "Wallace ia the Malay Peninsula;" by Francis "Walker,
Esq., F.L.S. ; with a Preface by W. "W. Saunders, Esq., E.E.S.,
r.L.S. &c. (See " Zoological Proceedings," p. 4.)

February 5th, 1856.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair;

Henry Christy, Esq., and Alexander Groodman More, Esq., were
elected EeUows.

E-ead, a "Notice of the habits of Atypus Sulzeri, Latr. ;" by
Edward Newman, Esq., E.L.S. &c. ; intended for publication else-
where.

Vl PEOCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

Eead also, a " Note on a Fungus found imbedded in the Pens
of Cambridgeshire ;" by the Eev. M. J. Berkeley, P.L.S. &c. (See
" Botanical Proceedings," p. 52.)

Eead fiu-ther, the commencement of a Paper, entitled " Notes
on Loganiacece;^'' by Greorge Bentham, Esq., P.L.S. &c. (See
" Botanical Proceedings," p. 53.)

February 19th, 1856.

Eobert Brown, Esq., V.P., iu the Chair.

Albert Hambrough, Esq., and the Eev. Charles Popham Miles,
were elected FeUows.

Eead, a " Note on the quantity of Tannin in the Gall of Oynips
Quercus-PetioU ','' by Edward Hart Viuen, Esq., M.D., F.L.S.

Eead also, a " Description of a new species of Paussus from
Tropical Africa;" by John 0. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S.

Eead further, the completion of Mr. Bentham's " Notes on
Loffaniacece,'" the reading of which was commenced at the last
Meeting.

ADDITIONS

TO THE

LIBRARY OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

RECEIVED FROM JUNE 20, 1855, TO DECEMBER 31, 1855.

{^Continued from page 345 of Vol. XXI. of the Society's Transactions.']

Titles. Donobs.

Academies and Societies.

Amsterdam : — Kon. Akademie van "Wetenscliappen.
Yerhandelingen, deel 2. Amsterdam, 1855, 4to.
Yerslagen en Mededeelingen, deel 2, stuk 3, and deel 3,

stuk 1 & 2. lb. 1854-55, 8vo.
Kon. Besluit tot Yorming der Akademie. Tb. 1855, 4to.
Catalogus der . Boekerij van de Akademie. Iste Afl. Ih.
1855, 8yo. The Academy.

Batavia : — Bataviaascli Grenootschap van Kunsten en "Weten-
schappen.
Yerhandelingen, deel 25. Batavia, 1853, 4to.
Tijdschrifb voor Indische Taal-, Land-, en Yolkenkunde,
jahrgang 1. lb. 1852-54, 8vo. The Society.

Berlin : —

Konigl. Akademie der "Wissenseliaften.

Abhandlungen, aus dem Jahre 1854. Berlia, 1855, 4to.
Monatsbericht ; Jau.-Juni 1855. lb. 1855, 8vo.

The Academy.

Yerein znr Befdrderung des Gartenbaues ia den K. Preus-

siscben Staaten. Yerbandlungen, Neue Beibe, jahrg. 2,

Jnli-Dec. 1854. Berlin, 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Bonn : — Naturbistoriscber Yereiu. Yerbandlungen, jabrg. 1-5,

7-11, & 12, heft 1 & 2. Bonn, 1844-55, 8vo.

The Society.

vm ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEABT,

Titles. • Donoes,

Academies and Societies (continued).
Boston, U.S. :—

American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Proceedings, vol. 3,
sheets 14-23, 1854-55, 8vo, The Academy.

Society of Natural History. Proceedings, vol. 4, sheets 25
& 26, and vol. 5, sheets 1-11. Boston, 1854-55, 8vo.

The Society.
Brussels : — Academie E. des Sciences, &c.

Memoires, tomes 28 & 29. BruxeUes, 1854-55, 4to.
Memoires couronnes, &c. Collection in 8vo : tome 6, ptie 2.

Ih. 1855, 8vo.
Bulletins, tome 21, ptie 2, and tome 22, ptie 1. Ih. 1854-55,

8vo,
Ajinuaire. 21* annee. Ih. 1855, 12mo.
Bibliographie Academique ; ou Liste des Ouvrages publies

par les Membres, &c. Ih. 1855, 12mo.
Observations des Phenomenes periodiques. 4to.

The Academy.
Copenhagen : — Kong. Danske Videnskabemes Selskab. Over-
sigt i aar. 1854. Kjobenhavn, 8vo. The Society.

Dublin : — Eoyal Irish Academy.

Transactions, vol. 22, part 6. Dublin, 1855, 4to.
Proceedings, vol. 6, part 2. Ih. 1855, 8vo.

The Academy.
Edinburgh : — Eoyal Society.

Transactions, vol. 21, part 2. Edinburgh, 1855, 4to.
Proceedings, no. 45. Ih. 1855, 8vo. The Society.

India: — Agricultural and Horticultural Society of. Journal,
vol. 8, part 5.. Calcutta, 1854, 8vo.

The Hon. East Ikdia Company.

Lausanne : — Societe Yaudoise des Sciences NatureUes. Bulletin,

no. 33. Lausanne, 1854, 8vo. The Society.

Liverpool: — Literary and Philosophical Society. Proceedings,

no. 9. Liverpool, 1855, 8vo. The Society.

London : —

Art-Union. Eeport of the Council for 1855 ; with a List of
the Members. London, 1855, 8vo.
Almanack for 1856. 12mo. The Abt-Unton.

British Association.

Eeport of the 24th Meeting. London, 1855, 8vo.

The Association.

additions to the libeaet. ii

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies (continued).
London: — British Association (continued).

Report of the Meetiag held ia the Council Hall of Glasgow,
Nov. 22, 1855, for concluding the transactions connected
with the recent Meetiag of the British Association in
that city. Glasgow, 1855, 8vo.

"W. GoTJELiE, Esq., F.L.S.
British Museum.

Catalogue of Mammalia, parts 1-3. 1850-52, 12mo.
Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds. 1855,

12mo.
List of Birds, part 2, sect. 1, and 3, sect. 1. 1848-55, 12mo.
Catalogue of Eeptiles, parts 2 & 3. 18'45-49, 12mo.
Catalogue of Amphibia, part 2. 1850, 12mo.
List of Fish, part 1. 1851, 12mo.

List of Lepidopterous Lisects, parts 2 & 3. 1847-48, 12mo.
Catalogue of Lepidopterous Insects, part 1. Papilionidae.

1852, 4to.
List of Lepidopterous Insects, parts 1-5. 1854-55, 12mo.
List of Hymenopterous Insects, part 2. Additions to Chal-

cididae. 1848, 12mo.
Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects, parts 1-3. 1853-55,

12mo.
List of Dipterous Insects, parts 1-4, & 7. 1848-55, 12mo.
List of Homopterous Insects, parts 1-4. 1850-52, 12mo.
List of Hemipterous Insects, parts 1 & 2. 1851-52, 12mo.
Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects, parts 2-6. 1847-

52, 12mo.
Catalogue of Coleopterous Insects, part 7, 1853, 12mo.
List of the Coleopterous Insects, part 1. 1851, 12mo.
List of Crustacea. 1847, 12mo.
Catalogue of Neuropterous Insects, parts 1-3. 1852-53,

12mo.
Catalogue of MoUusca, parts 2 & 4. 1850-53, 12mo.
Catalogue of Bivalve Mollusca, part 1. 1850, 12mo.
Catalogue of Conchifera, parts 1 & 2. 1853-54, 12mo.
Nomenclature of Molluscous Animals and Shells, part 1.

1850, 12mo.
List of Mollusca and Shells, collected, &c., by MM. Eydoux

and Soiileyet. 1855, 12mo.
List of Shells of the Canaries. 1854, 12mo.

x additions to the library.

Titles. Donors.

Academies and Societies (continued).
London: — British Museum {continued').
List of Shells of Cuba. 1854, 12mo.
List of Shells of South America. 1854, 12mo.
Catalogue of Phaneropneumona. 1852, 12mo.
Catalogue of Pulmonata, part 1. 1855, 12mo.
Catalogue of Entozoa. 1853, 12mo.

List of British Animals, parts 1-7 & 9-16. 1848-54, 12mo.
Catalogue of British Hymenoptera, part 1. Apidae. 1855,

12mo.
Catalogue of Eeeent Echinida, part 1. 1855, 12mo.
Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa, parts 1 & 2. Cheilostomata.
1852-54, 12mo. The Trustees.

Entomological Society. Transactions. New Series, vol. 3,
parts 5 & 6. London, 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Geological Society. Quarterly Journal, nos. 43 & 44. London,
1845, 8vo. The Society.

Medical and Chiriargical Society. Transactions, vol. 38.
London, 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Eoyal Society.

Philosophical Transactions, part 2 for 1854, and part 1 for

1855. London, 4to.
Proceedings, vol. 7, nos. 13-15. Ih. 1855, 8vo,
List of the Members, Nov. 30, 1854. 4to. The Society.
Eoyal Agricultural Society of England. Journal, vol. 16,
part 1. London, 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Eoyal Asiatic Society. Journal, vol. 15, parts 1 & 2.
London, 1853-55, 8vo. The Society.

Eoyal College of Surgeons. Descriptive and Illustrated
Catalogue of the Histological Series contained in its
Museum, vol. 2. London, 1855, 4to. The College.
Eoyal Institution.

Notices of the Meetings, part 5. London, 1855, 8vo.
List of the Members, &c. ; with the Eeport of the Visitors
for 1854. Ih. 1855, 8vo. The Institution.

Society of Arts. Journal, nos. 135-162. London, 1855, 8vo.

The Society.
Zoological Society.

Proceedings, nos. 259-293. London, 1853-55, 8vo.
Eeports of the Council and Auditors, April 30, 1855. lb.
1855, 8vo. The Society.

additions to the libbart. xi

Titles. Do>'oes.

Academies and Societies {contitmed).

Malvern Naturalists' Field Club. Transactions, part 1.

"Worcester, 1855, 8vo. Edwct Lees, Esq., F.L.S.

Manchester: — Literary and Philosopliical Society. Memoirs,

2nd series, vol. 12. London, 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Moscow : — Societe Imp. des Naturalistes. Bulletin, tome 26,

nos. 3 & 4, and tome 27, no. 1. Moscou, 1853-54, Svo.

The Society.
New Orleans : — Academy of Sciences.

Constitution and Bye-laws. New Orleans, 1854, 8vo.
Proceedings, vol. 1, no. 1. 1854, 8vo. The Academy.
Paris : — Museum d'Histoire NatureUe. Archives, tome 7, livr. 3
& 4, and tome 8, livr. 1 & 2. Paris, 1855, 4to.

The AoMrNiSTEATioN oe the Museum.
Philadelphia : —

Academy of Natural Sciences.

Journal, new series, vol. 3, part 1. Philadelphia, 1855, 4to.
Proceedings, vol. 7, nos. 2-7. Ih. 1854-55, 8vo.

The Academy.
American Philosophical Society. Proceedings, nos. 51 & 52.
1854, 8vo. The Society.

Stockholm : — Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademien.

Handlingar for 1853. Forra Afdel. Stockholm, 1855, 8vo.
Ofversigt. Arg. 11. II. 1855, 8vo.

Berattelse om Framstegen i Lisektemas, Myriapodernas,
och Arachnidernas Naturalhistoria for 1851 och 1852 ;
af C. H. Boheman. lb. 1854, 8vo.
Ars-berattelser om Botaniska Arbeten, &c., for 1845-48 ; af
J. E. Wikstrom. Delen 2. lb. 1855, Svo.

The Academy.
Vienna : —

Kaiserl. Akademie der TVissenschaften.

Denkscluiften. Mathematisch - naturwissenschaftliche

Classe, band 1-9. Wien, 1850-55, 4to.
Sitzungsberichte. Mathem.-nat. Classe, band 1-15, and

band 16, heft 1. lb. 1848-55, 8vo.
Abnanach. Jahrg. 1-5. lb. 1851-55, Svo.
Jahrbiicher der K. K. Central- Anstalt fiir Meteorologie, &c.,

von Kari Ki-eil. Band 3. lb. 1855, 4to.
Systema Hebninthimi ; auctore C. M. Diesing. voU. 1 & 2.
' lb. 1850-51, Svo.

Xll ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEAET.

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies {continued).

Vienna : — Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften {continued).
Grenera et Species Plantarum Fossilium, auctore F. Unger.

Ih. 1850, 8vo.
Versuch einer GescHchte der Pflanzenwelt, von Dr. F.

Unger. lb. 1852, 8vo.
Eecueil d'ltineraires dans la Turquie d'Europe ; par Ami

Bone. Tomes 2. Ih. 1854, 8vo.
Vegetations-verhaltnisse von Iglau; von Alois Pokorny.

lb. 1852, 8vo.
Grotten und Hohlen von Adelsberg, Lueg, Planina und
Laas ; von Adolf Schmidl, Ih. 1854, 8vo.

Tafebi, oblong 4to. The Academy.

K. K. Greologische Eeichsanstalt. Jairbucli. Jahrg. 5, nos. 3

& 4. "Wien, 1854, 8vo. The Institute.

Zoologiscli-botaniscber Verein. Verbandlungen, band 3 & 4.

Wien, 1853-54, 8vo. The Association.

Washington : — Smithsonian Institution.

Contributions to Knowledge, vol. 7. Washington, 1855,

4to.
Annual Keports (8 & 9) of the Board of Regents. Ih.

1854-55, 8vo.
Eeport on the Pishes of the Nevr Jersey Coast ; by S. F.

Baird. lb. 1855, 8vo.
Descriptions of new Marine Invertebrata, from the Chinese
and Japanese Seas ; by William Stimpson. 1855, 8vo.

The Institution.

Wiirzburg : — Physicalisch-medieinische Gresellschaffc. Verhand-

liagen, band 1-5, and band 6, heft 1. Wiirzburg, 1850-

55, 8vo. The Society.

Baker (J. G.) Flowering Plants and Ferns of Great Britain.

London, 1855, 8vo. The Authoe.

Bate (C. S.) On the Homologies of the Carapace, and on the

Structure and Functions of the Antennae in Crustacea. London,

1855, 8vo. The Authoe.

Bekker (E.) Der Stachel der Lowen an dessen Schweif-ende.

Darmstadt, 1855, 8vo. The Authoe.

Burmeister (H.) Handbuch der Entomologie, band 4, abth. 2.

Berlin, 1855, 8vo. The Authoe,

aj)ditions to the libeaby. xiu

Titles. Donoes.

Burmeister (H.) Systematische Uebersicht der Thiere Brasiliens,

theil 1, and theil 2, heft 1. Berlin, 1854<-55, 8vo. The AriHOB.
Cullen (W.) Lectures on the Practice of Physic ; digested by

W. Withering, 1768. MS. fol.

Henet Lee, Esq., M.D., F.L.S.
Dana (J. D.) United States Exploring Expedition during the

years 1838-42, under the command of Charles "Wilkes, TJ.S.N.,

vol. 13. — Crustacea, parts 1 & 2, 4to (with folio Atlas of

plates). Philadelphia, 1852. The Authoe.

Darwin (C.) Monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia ; with figures

of all the species. — Balanidse, &c. London, 1854, 8vo.

EiCHAED Kippist, Libr. L.S.
DeCandolle (A.) Geographie Botanique raisonnee. 2 tomes.

Paris, 1855, 8yo. The Authoe.

Dowden (B>.) "Walks after "Wild Flowers ; or the Botany of the

Bohereens. London, 1852, 12mo, The Authoe.

Ellesmere (Earl of) Address at the Anniversary Meeting of the

Greographical Society, May 28, 1855. London, 1855, 8vo.

Dr. Noetok Shaw.
Harvey ("W. H.) Manual of the British Algae. London, 1841,

8vo.
Henslow (J. S.) List of British Plants growing wild in the parish

of Hitcham, Suffolk. 1 sheet. The Authoe.

Hooker (J. D.) and Pitch (W. H.) Illustrations of Himalayan

Plants, chiefly selected from drawings made for the late J. P.

Cathcart, Esq. London, 1855, fol. Dr. Hookeb.

Hooker (J. D.) and Thomson (T.) Plora Indica, vol. 1. London,

1855, 8vo. The Authoes,

Horsfield (T.) Brief Xotices of several new or Httle-known spe-
cies of Mammalia, lately discovered in Nepal by B. H. Hodgson,

Esq. London, 1855, 8vo. The Authoe.

Jekel (H.) Insecta Saundersiana : or Characters of undescribed

Insects in the Collection of "W. "W. Saunders, Esq. — Coleo-

ptera, part 1. London, 1855, 8vo.

W. "W. Saundees, Esq., P.L.S.
Jessen (C. P. G.) Prasiolse, generis Algarum, monographia.

Kiliae, 1848, 4to. The Authoe.

Johnson (C.) and Sowerby (J. E.) Ferns of Great Britain, part 5.

London, 1854, 8vo. J. E. Soweebt, Esq.

Fern- Allies, parts 1 & 2. London, 1855, 8vo.

J. E. SowEEBT, Esq.

xiv additions to the libbaet.

Titles. Donors.

Jones (J. P.) and Kingston (J. F.) Flora Devoniensis. London,
1829, 8vo. "William Pamplin, Esq., A.L.S.

Journals : —

■Ann ales des Sciences Naturelles. Parties Zoologique et Bota-

nique. 4eme serie, tome 3. Paris, 1855, 8vo.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2nd series, nos. 91-96.
London, 1855, 8vo.

EiCHARD Tatlob, Esq., Under-Sec. L.S.
Botanical Magazine ; edited by Sir "W. J. Hooker, K.H., F.E.S.

and L.S. 3rd series, nos. 127-132. London, 1855, 8vo.

Journal of Botany and Kew G-arden Miscellany ; edited by

Sir W. J. Hooker, K.H. &c. Nos. 78-83. London, 1855, 8vo.

The Publisher, Lovell Eeeve, Esq., F.L.S.

Linnsea; herausgegebenvonD.F.L.vonSclilechtendal. Band 25,

heft 3-6, and band 26, heft 1 & 6. HaUe, 1852-54, 8yo.

The Editob.
Literary Gazette, nos. 2005-2032. London, 1855, 4to.

The Publisheb, Lovell Eeeye, Esq., F.L.S.

Naturalist; edited by B. E. Morris, Esq., M.D. Nos. 54 & 55.

London, 1855, 8vo. E. Hobson, Esq., M.D.

Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions ; edited by Jacob Bell,

Esq., F.L.S. Nos. 169-174. London, 1855, 8vo.

The Editob.
Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 4tli series,
nos. 62-68. London, 1855, 8vo.

EiCHABD Tatlob, Esq., Under-Sec. L.S.
Phytolegist : new series, nos. 3-8. London, 1855, 8vo.

The Pttblisheb, "W. Pamplin, Esq., A.L.S.
Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science ; by Edwin Lan-
kester, M.D., and George Busk, Esq. Nos. 12 & 13. Lon-
don, 1855, 8vo. The Micboscopical Society.
Zoologist ; edited by Edward Newman, Esq., F.L.S. Nos. 153-
158. London, 1855, 8vo. The Editob.
Kolliker (A.) Ueber den Ban der CutispapiUen und die sogenann-
ten Tastkorperchen E. Wagners. 8vo. The Authob.

Beitrage zur Anatomie und Physiologie der menschlichen

Eetiaa. Leipzig, 1854, 8vo. The Authob.

Ueber die letzten Endigungen des Nervus Cochleare, und

die Functionen der Schnecke. Wiirzburg, 1854, 4to.

The Authob.

additions '10 the libbabt. xv

Titles. Donoes.

Lubbock (J.) On the Freshwater Entomostraca of South America.
(From Trans. Ent. Soc, N.S., vol. 3.) 1855, 8vo.

The Authob.
Moore (T.) The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland (" Nature-
printed"), parts 4-9. London, 1855, fol.

Henet Beadbuby, Esq.

Illustrations of Orchidaceous Plants, part 12. Tb. 1855, 8vo.

The Authob.

Miiller (F.) Definitions of rare, or hitherto iindescribed Australian

Plants. Melbourne, 1855, Svo. The Authob.

Newman (E.) History of British Ferns (3rd edition). London, 8yo.

The Authob.

Quetelet (A.) Sur la Relation entre les Temperatures et la Duree

de la Vegetation des Plantes. (Estr. du Bull. Acad. E. Belg.,

tome 22.) 8vo. The Authob.

Eeeve (L.) Conchologia Iconica. Monographs of the genera

Donax, Lutraria, Mesodesma, Natica, and PateUa. London, 4to,

The Authob.
Sowerby (Gr. B.) Thesaurus Conchyliorum, part 16. London,

1855, 8vo.

Spengler (L.) On the Effects of the Thermal "Waters of Ems.

London, 1854, 12mo. The Authob.

Stainton (H. T.) Ed.— The Entomologist's Annual for 1856.

London, 1855, 8vo. The Editoe.

Stainton (H. T.), ZeUer (Prof.), and Douglas (J. W.) Natural

History of the Tineina, vol. 1. London, 1855, 8vo.

H. T. Staikton, Esq.

Ville (Gr.) Eiccherches experimentales sur la Vegetation. Paris,

1855, 8vo. The Authob.

Weddell (H. A.) Siu' les Cystolithes ; ou Concretions calcaires

des Urticees, &e. 8vo. The Authob.

DONATIONS

TO THE

MUSEUM OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY,

Exclusive of Presents of single Specimens of Animals, Plants, &c.

[^Continued from page 352 of Vol. XXI. of the Society's Transactions.']

Donations. Donors.

Photographs, by Mr. Glaisher, of ten species of British Ferns.

Edward Newman, Esq., E.L.S.

Coloured Drawings (sixty -three), by native artists, of Indian
Anim al a and Plants, prepared for the late Sir Elijah Impey.
Mrs. Sarah Impet, through Sir Peobt T. Cautlet, C.B., F.L.S.

Specimens of the male and female Katepo, or poisonous Spider of
New Zealand ; together with their Nest, and Microscopic Pre-
parations of the Skin ; the Tongue of a species of Chiton ; and
a remarkable Cocoon and Gall found on two species of Euca-
lyptus at Melbourne. T. S. Ealph, Esq., A.L.S.

An extensive Collection of Dried Plants (consisting of about 800
species), formed in the Upper Himalaya and Tibet, by J. D.
Hooker, Esq., M.D., E.E. & L.S., and Thomas Thomson, Esq.,
M.D., E.E. & L.S. Drs. Hooker and Thomson.

Dried Specimens of above 200 species of Plants ; collected, chiefly
in the Australian Alps, by Dr. Ferdinand Miiller.

Dr. F. MuLLEE.

Twenty-five species of ChamcBlauciecB, new to the Society's Herba-

rivim, collected by Mr. James Drummond, A.L.S., during a

Journey to the North of Swan River, W. Australia, in 1850-51.

W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.E. & L.S.

A Fruit of Luffa cegyptiaca with the pulp washed out, — part of a
cargo imported from the West Indies for paper-making ; and an
abnormal Stem of Asparagus, 1|- inch wide.

J. O. "Westwood, Esq., F.L.S.

Dried Specimens of Anemone Coronaria, Anemone rcmunculoides,
Ceratocephalus falcatus, Rhododendron ferruginevm, and Cypri-
pedium Calceolus, from Switzerland, &c.

T. C. Janson, Esq., F.L.S.

PBOCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. xvii

March 4th, 1856.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Bead, a " Note on some Larvae voided by Children," by Edward
Newman, Esq., F.L.S.

Head also, a " Notice on the occurrence of Sepia hiserialis in
Cornwall," by Jonathan Couch, Esq., E.L.S. (See "Zoological
Proceedings," p. 99.)

Eead further, a Memoir " On the Development of the Ovule of
Santahim aJhum, with some remarks on the phgenomena of impreg-
nation in Plants generally;" by Ai-thur Henfrey, Esq., E.H.S.,
E.L.S. &c. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 69.)

March 18th, 1856. /( J r'r''}% ^

W. TarreU, Esq., Y.P., in the ChaiA ^^^-^^Af^V

Heniy Adams, Esq., was elected a Eellow. -^ ^^>-

Mr. Longmuir, jun., exhibited a photograph oiXumenius ief^J^,,- i i>.
shot in Kincardineshire in September last.

Eead, " Eemarks on the Influence of the Sexual Organ in mo-
difying external characters in Animals," by "William TaiTell, Esq,
V.P.L.S. &c. (See " Zoological Proceedings," p. 76.)

Kead also, a Paper entitled " Eemarks on the covering of the
Seed in Chisiacece, Magnoliacece, &c., and on the development of
the raphe in general;" by John INIiers, Esq., F.E.S., P.L.S. &c,
(See "Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 81.)

April 1st, 1856.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

James Alexander Brewer, Esq., and Thomas Hawkes Tanner,
Esq., M.D., were elected Fellows.

Eead, a " Note on the recent Discoveries in regard to the
Microgonidia of Freshwater Algae ;" by the Eev. M. J. Berkeley,
M.A., F.L.S. &c. (See " Botanical Proceedings," p. 145.)

Eead also, a " Note on some collections of Arctic Plants, chiefly
made by Dr. LyaU, Dr. Anderson, Herr JVIiertsching, and Mr. Eae,
during the Expeditions in search of Sir John Franklin ;" by J. D.

Linn. Peoc. h

Xviii PEOCEEDIKGS OT THE

Hooker, Esq., M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S. ifcc. (See " Botanical Pro-
ceedings," p. 114.)

Eead further, a Paper " On the Botany of Eaoul Island, one of
the Kermadec Group, in the South Pacific Ocean;" by J. D.
Hooker, Esq., M.D., F.E.S., E.L.S. &c. (See " Botanical Pro-
ceedings," p. 125.)

April 15th, 1856.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Frederick Currey, Esq., M.A., was elected a Fellow,

Read, an Extract of a Letter from E. Spruce, Esq., addressed to
Gr. Bentham, Esq., F.L.S., giving an account of Tarapota in Peru,
from whence the Letter is dated, and of its vegetation.

Bead also, a " Note on Oholaria Virginica, L. ; by Asa Gray,
M.D., F.M.L.S. &c. (See " Botanical Proceedings," p. 129.)

Bead also, a "Note on the Chinese Insect-wax," by Daniel
Hanbury, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," p. 103.)

Read also, a " Note on Wax-producing Insects from Port Natal
and China," by J. 0. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S. &c. (See " Zoolo-
gical Proceedings," p. 103.)

Eead further, the Commencement of a Memoir " On several
instances of the anomalous development of the Eaphe in Seeds,
and the probable causes of such deviations from the usual course
of structvire, especially in reference to Stemonurus (JJrandra of
Thwaites);" by John Miers, Esq., F.E.S., F.L.S. &c. (See
"Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 97.)

May 6th, 1856.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

John Samuel Gaskoin, Esq., F.L.S., exhibited some of the so-
called " Jumping-seeds," described by Sir W. J. Hooker and J. O.
Westwood, Esq., in the " Kew Journal of Botany ;" the motion of
which is due to the larva of a small insect enclosed in the seed.

Eead, a Paper " On the Action of Sea-Avater on the Germination
of Seeds;" by Charles Darwin, Esq., F.E.S., F.L.S. &c. (See
" Botanical Proceedings," p. 130.)

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XIX

Eead also, a Note " On the Vitality of Seeds after prolonged
submersion in the Sea ;" by S. James A. Salter, Esq., M.B. Lond.,
F.L.S. &c. (See " Botanical Proceedings," p. 140.)

Read further, a Paper " On the Homopterous Insects of Sin-
gapore and Malacca ;" by Prancis "Walker, Esq., P.L.S. &c. (See
"Zoological Proceedings," p. 82.)

May 24th, 1856.

Anniversary 3feeting.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Tliis day, the Anniversary of the birth of Linnaeus, and that
appointed by the Charter for the Election of Council and Officers,
the President opened the business of the Meetiog with the fol-
lowing Address : —

GrENTLEMEN,

In reviewing the events of the past year, in connexion with the
objects of the Linnean Society, there are, perhaps, few striking
facts to record of particular interest to the Society itself, or bear-
ing, in any marked degree, upon the advance of Natural History
in general. There has been no very important discovery enunci-
ated, of a character to impugn former theories or systems, or to
establish new ones ; no new foundation or institution inaugvirated,
by which Natural Science vdll be materially extended or diffused.
But, on the other hand, the general progress of this branch of
knowledge has been steadily going on ; and, if the year which has
elapsed since I last addressed you may not hereafter constitute
one of those bright, red-letter periods which will live in history as
the turning-point of some important department of discovery, yet
the accumulation of new facts, tending to the elucidation of various
doubtful questions, and the settlement of previously debated
theories, will be found sufficient at least to preclude any feeling
of dissatisfaction or disappointment. Within our own sphere, I
may appeal to the numerous valuable papers which have been
read at our meetings, and have already been, or are abovit to be,
published in our Transactions and Proceedings, and to the con-
tinued, perhaps I may say the increased interest of our meetings —
to show that our energies are at least undiminished ; and our
efi&cacy, as the principal medium of the advancement of natural
science in this country, unimpaired. The general appreciation of
the character of the Society in this point of view, is evidenced by

b2

XX PEOCEEDIN&S OF THE

tlie almost unprecedented n\itnber of naturalists who have been
enrolled in our list of Fellows during the present session, — amount-
ng to no fewer than 20, — besides those whose certificates are still
suspended.

It is with much regret and sorrow that I turn to the painful
side of the accoimt, and find it my duty to refer to the annual
diminution of our numbers by death, besides several who have,
from various causes, withdrawTi from us ; but although there were
many, amongst those who have been removed from us by the
inevitable fate of man, whose loss as good men and most valuable
members of society, and some of them ardent cultivators of natural
science, we must deeply deplore, — and I have myself to mourn the
loss of one who was the constant and faithful friend of nearly fifty
vears,— yet few of those of whom we have been thus deprived had
occupied a conspicuous place in the scientific world, or contributed
in particular to our own Transactions, or taken any active part in
the affairs of the Society.

At the last anniversary I had the pleasure of announcing to you,
that the Council had unanimously resolved upon a modification of
your publications, which should aff"ord the opportunity of a more
extensive and more speedy issue of such papers, read at your
meetings, as might not require to appear in the quarto form of your
Transactions. This resolution has now been carried into effect, as
far as the brief period which has since elapsed has permitted. It
would be premature as yet to declare, that all the anticipations
of advantage from this design have been realized. It Avill require
at least another year to ascertain its full results, and whether the
present plan shall be exactly followed, or whether any modification
of it may prove desirable. I may, however, be permitted even
now to state, that I have not heard one word of dissatisfaction
expressed by any one ; but, on the contrary, I have received from
many quarters the assurance of the cordial welcome with which
the new publication has been received, and of the general approval
of the form in which it has been issued. The only condition with
which I have heard this approval connected is, that the quarto
Transactions should never be infringed upon by its humbler and less
pretentious handmaid. I need not say, that in this view I most
heartily concur ; nor could I feel tlie satisfaction which I now do
at the present working and future prospects of the Journal of our
Proceedings, did I not confidently expect that it will not interfere
with the reg-ular appearance, or diminish the value and importance
of those Transactions, which have been so long identified with tlie

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDOX. XXI

Society, and to which its past and present prestige has been so
mainly due. There will, I sincerely believe, be material enough
for both forms. Papers of great value will, I doubt not, continue
to be commimicated, of a nature which requires speedy publication,
\vithout the necessity of quarto illustrations. Exclusive of these
two considerations, however, it must be confessed that there is
some diiJiculty in laying down any very definite rule as to the
nature of those papers requiring each particular form of publica-
tion respectively, and it must be left to the consideration of the
Council to determine the question in the case of each individual
paper. "With all these difficulties, the circumstance of bi-inging
home to every Fellow of the Society, within reach of the post,
an important portion of our Transactions, at stated and not
distant pei'iods, without trouble or expense to the recipients, has
hitherto been most satisfactory, and will, I am confident, tend,
when the system is rendered fully eifective by experience and
habit, to increase the numbers and importance of the Society, by
bringing into our ranks many zealous cultivators of natural history,
who, from their remote residence, would not otherwise have been
induced to join us. With regard to one element of the plan, the
sale of the Journal out of the Society, I have to state, that com-
paratively few of the separate parts of Zoology and Botany have
been disposed of; the sale of the entire work has been somewhat
greater.

I cannot take leave of this subject without adverting to the
effective manner in Avhich the new scheme has been commenced.
Por this, and for innumerable other good offices, — I may say, for
the general conduct of the affairs of the Society, — we are deeply
indebted to the talent, the devoted zeal, and the disinterested
laboiu-s of our excellent and esteemed Secretary. I cannot, in his
presence, enlarge on the obligations which we are constantly and
imceasingly under to Mr. Bennett. It would, I know, be painful
to him, and you are all too well acquainted with his great sendees,
— requited only by his own sense of usefulness, and by our grati-
tude, which I know he values, — to require that they should be
dwelt upon by me.

It is with much pleasure also, and with sincere acknowledgement,
that I feel called on to advert to the able and cheerful manner
in which he has been seconded in this work by JNIr. Kippist.
Without such zeal and ability it wovdd have been impossible to
have commenced and cari'ied out a new and untried plan such
as this.

XXll PBOCEEDINGS OP THE

The only drawback to the satisfaction which we must feel at the
utility and advantages on which I have been dwelling, is the con-
siderable expense Avhich, in its outset, must necessarily be in-
curred ; and on this subject I cannot but observe, that without
some such relief from our present expenditure as we have been
hopefully anticipating, from a prospect of house-accommodation to
which I shall presently more particularly ask your attention, I
cannot see how the expenses of the Journal are to be met, unless
the advantages which its free distribution involves should prove a
sufficient stimulus to many naturalists to enter the Society. I
have, however, one cii"cumstance to state, which is, so far as it
goes, encouraging, and that is, that when tlie whole expenses of
the Journal, as far as it is now published, are paid, the balance of
our anniial receipts and expenditure, small though it be, is in
favoiu' of the Society.

This result was not, I believe, anticipated ; on the contrary,
it was fully expected that we should have had to call for ex-
tensive assistance for the issue of even the first part. I sliould
not, perhaps, have thought it necessary to advert at all to the state
of the finances but for this circumstance, as the statement of the
income and expenditure is now before you ; but as I have referred
to the subject, I cannot but congi'atulate the Society upon the
favourable results of the audit, and especially on the large sum
which appears in the item of admission-fees, and the small com-
parative number of new compositions. The latter source of in-
come has a good temporary appearance on our books ; but when
it is recollected that the average term of membersliip is thirty-six
years, the annual subscription is obviously the more advantageous
to the Society.

I have sometimes thought, that, constituted as we are, and with
aims and objects so noble, we have perhaps too much restricted
our labours to the conventional routine of oiu' meetings and the
publication of our Transactions. I hope I shall not be misunder-
stood here. I should be the last to ask for, or to sanction any,
even the slightest encroachment upon those long and wisely
established means of carrying out our objects. But there may be
other methods of usefulness, by which our sphere of operation
may be enlarged, by more extensive association with the outer
world, if I may so speak, and by becoming the centre of the
interests of Xatural History throughout the country. And on re-
flecting upon the various dii'ections in which tlie Linnean Society

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON, XXUl

may thus legitimately exercise its influence, there is one which
appears to me at the present moment deserving of some con-
sideration.

When the Society was first instituted, its objects, as you will
find them expressly stated in our Charter, were " for the cultiva-
tion of the science of Natural History in all its branches, and
more especially of the Natural History of Grreat Britain and
Ireland." Now, although it is very certain that the publication
of numerous periodical works, having this particular design in
view, has rendered it less necessary for the Society to expend its
resources upon the mere local Flora and Fauna of various districts
of our own country, whilst the rapid advance of zoological and
botanical science has rendered the prosecution of the higher
branches our primary aim, — and I need only appeal to our publi-
cations to show the extent to which this purpose has been, and
stni continues to be, carried out, — it has occurred to me that in
one particular, hitherto unattempted, we may, without entrench-
ing upon our higher duties, assist materially in increasing and
extending the knowledge of the natural products of the country.

It was the observation of the most accomplished and fascinating
writer on local natural history that England has ever seen, that if
the natural productions of each district had their local historian,
our knowledge of the natural history of the country would
become more perfect than by any other means; and every one
knows how beautifully and how perfectly the author of that sen-
timent carried it into practice. It is indeed the only means by
which this end can be obtained ; and it is therefore vrith much
pleasure that I advert to the numerous local institutions, now
springing up in various directions, in some instances in connexion
with mechanics' institutes, with schools, or other establishments
for the education or instruction of the middle classes, the principal
design of which is to allocate in a provincial museum the natural
products of the county or of a more circumscribed district, and
frequently associated with a collection of local antiquities. I have
thought it might be useful to point out some circumstances which
would conduce to the proper design of such institutions, and at
the same time render them the means of greatly extending oiu*
acquaintance with indigenous zoology and botany. The primary
object then of these institutions should be the collection and pre-
servation of the animals, plants, and palseontological specimens
which are found in the district ; and to this should be added a
full and accurate record of their habitats and of any other inter-

Xxiv PROCEEDINGS OE THE

esting circumstances connected with them, whether of soil, of
geological position, of meteorological phenomena, the period of
the year when obtained, peculiarities in their habits, and in short
any facts which may bear upon their history. If in addition to
this first consideration it happens that instruction is to be given,
by lectures or other means, in the study of Natural History gene-
rally, a typical collection may be added, which should be con-
sidered as entirely distinct from the local one, and as having a
totally different object. Upon tliis, however, it is not my purpose
to dwell at present, further than to call attention to the plan
which has been so energetically and intelligently carried out by
my friend Professor Henslow, whose exertions in this behalf are
already well known and appreciated. I would refer particularly
to the Ipswich Museum as a practical example of what may be
done in this respect, and to the lists which Mr. Henslow has
furnished to the British Association, and which are probably now
before you. — To recur to the local collections. My friend Pro-
fessor Phillips, in a recent address to the Malvern Pield- Natural-
ists" Club, alluding to the formation of such a museum, has very
strongly, and with great propriety urged the rejection, by an
absolute rule, of all offers of specimens excepting such as are con-
nected with the locality. The consequence of the neglect of this
salutary caution is the accumulation of masses of specimens from
all parts of the world, many of which might be available if suitably
placed, but are a mere useless incumbrance in a local museum.
They not only occupy space which might be more beneficially
employed, but they take off" the attention and waste the time of
those who resort to the museum for information, and of those
whose diity it is to take care of the contents and, keep the records.
Now, it has appeared to me that in many instances the utility
of such collections might be extended beyond the bounds of the
locality in which they are placed, by the communication to the
Linnean Society (by reports either periodical or at indefinite
times) of their new acquisitions, or of the observations recorded
by the curators or naturalists respectively attached to them in the
manner which I have before recommended. These, or selections
from them, might be printed, when considered of sufficient value,
iu our Jourcal ; and thus many an interesting fact would be per-
manently recorded and macle universally known, which would
otherwise be lost ; and great encoiu-agement would be held out to
many a young naturalist in the country, by being placed in such
a relation to this Society.

LTKNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXV

A circumstance has recently occurred in reference to the most
important and iateresting portion of our property, the Lionean
Collections, of which I think it may be agreeable to you to be
informed. It was proposed ia the CouncU that a Committee
should be appointed to examine iuto the present condition of
those collections, — as to what they respectively consist of, — where
they are now respectively deposited, — in what state they now are,
and whether any suggestions may occur to the Committee with
reference to their preservation and exhibition to the Fellows of
the Society and the visitors. The Committee consisted of the
President, the Secretary, Mr. Bentham, and Mr. "Wilson Saunders,
and they afterwards obtained the assistance of IMr. Hanley with
reference to the Shells, and of Mr. Tarrell to the Fishes.

It has appeared to me that this subject was a perfectly legiti-
mate one to form an element in my address, as it cannot but be
very interesting to all who have the character of the Society at
heart, and are anxious for the preservation and proper use of the
invaluable collections in question. Instead, therefore, of merely
embodjdng in my address a brief abstract of the acts of the Com-
mittee, as I at first intended, I ^vill, with your permission, read
the Report which they delivered to the Council, in extenso.

" Report presented to the Council, May 6, 1856.

" The Committee of Council, consisting of the President, INIr.
Bentham, Mr. AVilson Saunders, and the Secretary, appointed on
the 1st of April, 1856, ' to examine the Books, Manuscripts and
Collections, forming the Library and Museum of Linnaeus, and
to report to the Council

" ' Wliat they respectively consist of,

" ' T\Tiere they are now respectively deposited,

" ' In what state they are respectively, and

" ' Whether any suggestions may occur to the Committee with
reference to their preservation and exhibition to the Fellows of
the Society and Visitors,' report as follows : —

" The Committee have held several meetings, viz. on the 7th,
10th and 15th of April, and on the 1st of May, and carefully
examined into the several matters referred to them. The residt
of their investigations may best be stated under the general heads
of Books, Manuscripts, Plants, Insects, Shells, Fishes, and Mis-
cellaneous Zoological Specimens.

"1. Boohs.

" The Books are for the most part placed on the shelves of the

XXvi PKOCEEDIN&S OF THE

General Library of the Society. They are all marked iii the hand
of the late Sir James Edward Smith as derived ' E Bibliotheca
Linnjei propria.' There is no separate catalogue of them ; but
they are entered in the General Catalogue of the Library, with
the exception of a few miscellaneous volumes not relating to
natural history, chiefly medical theses.

" The remaining portion of the Books, which must be regarded as
the most important, as containing MS. notes by Linnfeiis himself,
and as connected with his Herbarium and other collections, are
contained in a case placed in the meeting-room near the Limiean
Herbarium.

" The Committee consider it to be highly desirable that the
Natural-History Library of Linnaeus should be separated frym the
rest of the Society's books :

" That a list should be made of the volumes so separated :

" That for the future these volumes be not lent out to the Fel-
lows without the special permission of the Council.

" 2. 3faniiscripts.

" The Manuscripts are contained in a large chest in the south-
western room of the second floor of the Society's house, and are
in an excellent state of preservation. They are at present tied
up in bvmdles ; but the Committee consider it desirable that, when
the Society is able to aff'ord it, the correspondence should be
mounted on guards and bound in volumes.

"3. Plants.

" The Herbarium is contained in thi'ee upright narrow cabinets
formerly belonging to Linnreus, and in which it has remained up
to the present time : these cabinets are placed in the meeting-
room of the Society. The plants are in excellent condition, and
well protected in conformity with directions given by the Coimcil
on the recommendation of a committee in 1836. The Committee
recommend that these cabinets should be conspicuously distin-
guished b}"" means of a framework or in some other way.

" 4. Insects.

" The Insects are in a good and secure cabinet placed in the
south-western room of the second floor, and are in an excellent
state of preservation. While in the possession of the first Pre-
sident of the Society, the late Sir J. E. Smith, a munber of addi-
tional insects were incoi-porated with those of Linnreus ; and the

LINFEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXvii

Committee recommend that, as soon as tlie opportunity oiFers, these
insects be separated from the Linnean, and the two collections be
arranged in distinct parts of the cabinet.

"5. Shells.

" In the examination of the collection of Shells the Committee
requested and obtained the valuable assistance of Mr. Hanley.

" The Shells are contained in a distinct cabinet placed in the same
room with the manuscripts and insects. The Committee regret to
state that serious injury has resulted to the Linnean collection of
shells from the careless mode in which they have been occasionally
referred to by visitors, and from the attempt of a former sub-
curator to arrange them according to a modern method. Many of
the specimens have thus been displaced from their original recep-
tacles, and other difficulties have been created to the complete
identification of the Linnean species, and their discrimination
from the specimens added by Sir J. E. Smith.

" On Mr. Hanley's recommendation, the Committee resolved
that it is highly desirable

" That the Linnean collection should, as far as possible, be se-
parated from the specimens subsequently added :

" That all the specimens which can be undoubtedly identified
as Linnean should be attached to boards with the Linnean name
added, and any useful memoranda relating to them.

" Mr. Hanley kindly offered his assistance in carrying out these
recommendations, and stated it as his opinion that the present
cabinet would be sufficient for Ihe purpose, and that very little
expense would be incurred.

" 6. Fishes.

" With the valuable assistance of Mr, Yarrell, who consented to
join the Committee for the piu'pose, the Committee proceeded to
examine the collection of Fishes, which are at present contained in
the drawers of a cabinet in the large south attic, and consist of
half-skins pasted upon paper, and generally in fair condition.
Many of these imdoubtedly belonged to Linnaeus ; some appear
to have formed part of the collections of his son ; and others were
probably added by Sir J. E. Smith.

" Mr. Tarrell recommended that they should be pasted on card-
board in such a manner as to retain all the origiual papers and
the WTiting upon them ; and the Committee resolved

" That it be recommended to the Council to accept the kind
off'er of Mr. Tarrell to superintend the operation :

XXVIU PROCEEDINGS OE THE

" That the specimens when so laid down be systematically ar-
ranged, and placed in drawers in a more easily accessible situation.

" 7. Miscellaneous Zoological Specimens.

" These chiefly consist of a few Eeptiles and Crustacea, contained
in some of the drawers of the shell-cabinet, or in those of the
cabiuet of the large attic, which the President undertook to exa-
mine, and to separate whatever can be identified as Linnean.

" While examining the miscellaneous specimens in the south
attic, the Committee observed several bundles of Swedish acade-
mical announcements, and anatomical and other dissertations not
immediately connected with natural history. They recommend
that these parcels be securely placed in brown-paper covers,
labelled with a general statement of their contents. Twelve
copies of Broussonnet's ' Descriptiones et Icones Piscium,' which
are duplicates to the Library, are recommended to be sold.

" In the Linnean sheU-cabiuet the Committee find a large
number of bad or injured specimens of Lichens on Stones, chiefly
British, and forming no part of the Linnean Collection. These
appear to be utterly worthless, and the Committee recommend
that they be thrown away."

It cannot but be most gratifying to learn that these collections,
to which so peculiar a value attaches, should have been found by
the Committee in so perfect a state. It was indeed far beyond
the expectations of those who wgre deputed to examine them.

I have now. Gentlemen, to call your attention to a matter to
which I have already alluded, and which, if our present anticipa-
tions are fulfilled, must be productive of the most advantageous
results to this Society, and I may add, ultimately to the advance
of natural knowledge in this country. You are all too well aware
that, while other Societies formed for the cultivation of various
branches of science, the Hoyal, the Geological, the Astronomical,
and the Geographical Societies, had received, one after another,
the substantial support of the Government, in having commodious
apartments assigned to them, — three of them being located in that
great central official building, Somerset House, — the Linnean
Society, the representative of the natural-history sciences in this
country, the oldest oflispriug of the great parent of British science,
and certainly not the least useful and important of such bodies,
remained xmaided and unsanctioned by the avithorities of the
Government, dependent wholly upon its own resources, shackled

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LOIfDOK. XXIX

and crippled by the expenses of rent and other requirements, Irom
which others were exempt. It is not necessary for me now to
inquire into the causes of this neglect. It were vain now to search
for the occasion of the remarkable fact, that while we had for our
Presidents in succession, a noble Duke of great Parliamentary
influence — another noble Lord, whose connexions have been closely
associated with the Government at various times — a venerable
Prelate, the brother of a cabinet minister, — no favourable reply
could be obtained to our applications for house-accommodation.
Such, however, was the case ; and we were obliged to toil on,
enciunbered ^\"ith a debt, incurred, not by foolish or unnecessary
extravagance, but by the acquisition of a priceless Library and col-
lection of natural objects, by which circumstance we became the
depositary of a sacred and most interesting trust, and while others
were, so to speak, basking in the sunshine of official favour, we
were throwTi upon our own curtailed and inadequate resources.
But, Gentlemen, we have no reason to despond. What we have
done, we have done for oui'selves ; and we may well look with
complacency upon our acquisitions, upon our publications, upon
our acknowledged usefulness, and upon the character we hold in
this and in every other country where natural knowledge is cidti-
vated, and feel an honest pride in the refl.ection that we have done
all this unpatronized and unassisted.

Affairs were in this anomalous position when, some years since,
a scheme, emanating from several Fellows of the Eoyal Society,
and Members of the Philosophical Club of that Society, was pro-
posed and repeatedly discussed at the meetings of the Club, the
object of which was to bring about the juxtaposition of scientific
Societies, in some commodious and suitable building, worthy of
British science, to be provided by the country for that purpose.
The only principle upon which such a design could either with
justice or with any probability of success be carried out is, juxta-
position, hut loith separate property and independent action — and
this was the priaciple which I have always advocated, and the
only one to which my humble sanction could ever have been given.

Such was the object of a movement which, after many alterna-
tions of energy and repose, has at length obtained a partial recog-
nition of the great principle which it was its object to promote.
It would be taking up your time unnecessarily were I to retrace
all the iatermediate steps which have been taken, and the varying
phases which the question has assumed. I woiold however state,
that the deputation which waited upon Lord Aberdeen, when his

XXX PEOCEEDIIirGS OP THE

lordship was Prime Minister, received from him the assurance of
his entire concurrence in the object ; and on the particular claims
of the Linnean Society being strongly brought before him, he at
once acknowledged the justice of those claims, and the anomalous
nature of our position. From this time the object of the move-
ment assumed a more definite form ; and as it woidd be impossible
to obtain separate accommodation in any one building for all the
Societies which profess to cultivate every minor branch of science,
tlie claims were limited to those chartered Societies which might be
considered as representing the larger departments of scientific
research. Within this category would be included the Royal, the
Linnean, the Greological, the Astronomical, and the Chemical
Societies, This definite object was very strongly urged upon the
late Sir William Molesworth, at an interview with which we were
favoured by him, and his parting words were, " Well ! it appears
quite clear that those five Societies ought to be accommodated" —
and yet, a few days afterwards, in the House of Commoiis, that
gentleman stated, in answer to a question put to liim, that it was
only those Societies which were located in Somerset House which
were to be provided for. And this has, up to nearly the present
moment, been the difficulty. Science has not been generally
recognized for its o\\ti sake, but only as its accommodation could
be provided for at the least possible expense or trouble to the
Grovernment, and for the sake of obtaining possession of the
apartments occupied by the Societies in Somerset House. Here
then the Linneans were again ignored !

At length it was announced that Burlington House was pur-
chased by the Government for the express purpose of affording
ample accommodation to science and literature, within the walls of
one great building. A deputation then waited upon Lord Palmer-
ston, who readily recognized the claims of the five Societies ; and
without pledging himself to any final adjiistment of the question,
expressed with his usual urbanity his general concurrence with
the principle urged by the deputation.

From some cause or other which I have never fully understood,
the Eoyal Society, upon whose agency the rest of the Societies
depended, failed to press their advantage, and the Univeesitt op
LoKDON not only appHed successfully for the accommodation which
had been promised to the scientific Societies, but actually took
and still holds possession of a portion of the house. But more
recently a strong representation was made by Lord Wrottesley to
the Government on the part of the five Societies, and a meeting

LI>'NEAN SOCIETY OF LOKDO^'. XXXI

was held at the rooms of the Eoyal Society of the representatives
of those bodies. A letter was there read from Mr. AVilson, the
Secretary to the Treasury, ia reply to that of Lord Wrottesley,
but again recognizing only the Societies which are located in
Somerset House, and appointing a meeting of their representatives
at the Treasury. I must here inform you, that since the eastern
detached wing of Biirlington House has been occupied by the
University, there is only room for three Societies, at the most, in
the main building and the western wing. To the surprise of the
gentlemen present, IMr. Wilson assured them that the Govern-
ment did not wish to turn them out of Somerset House, where
they might still remain if they preferred it. Accordingly the
Society of Antiquaries, the Geological, and the Astronomical
Societies expressed their desire to remain as they were, and the
Royal only expressed their readiness to move into the new
quarters. I considered it my dutj" to inform your Council of
these circumstances, and as the events were now following each
other too rapidly for me to communicate every successive step to
them, and receive their sanction, they came to a resolution, — " That
it is the opinion of the Council that it is highly desirable to obtain
rooms in Burlington House, and that the President be requested
to take such steps as may appear to him best calculated to secure
that object." I accordingly acted upon this resolution. On
receiving immediately afterwards an intimation that the officers of
the Eoyal Society had a fresh appointment to meet Mr. Wilson,
and ^\-ished to know whether the Linnean Society and the Che-
mical Society woidd be ready to accept apartments in Burlington
House with the E-oyal, I immediately sought an intendew with
the President of the Chemical Society, who I found had received
a similar caHe blanche from his Council to that with which I had
been favoiu"ed, and we sent in our cordial acquiescence in the
proposed union.

I have now. Gentlemen, merely to record so much of the result
of the interview between Lord Wrottesley the President, Col.
Sabine the Treasurer, and Dr. Sharpey the Senior Secretary of the
Eoyal Society, with Mr. AVilson, as bears upon our prospects. I
am not at liberty, as I conceive, to say more than was communi-
cated to me in the presence of others ; and this simply amounts to
the statement on the part of the officers of the Eoyal Society that
the Linnean and Chemical Societies were most willing to accom-
pany the Eoyal to Burlington House, and the distinct expression
of ]Mr. AVilson's readiness to accede to this arrangement. I have
waited, as you will readily believe, with intense anxiety for a conir

XXXll PROCEEDINGS OF THE

munication from Lord Wrottesley, to the effect that the Treasury
minute has been passed, recognizing and confirming Mr. "Wilson's
expressed accordance with our desire.

I had last evening completed writing this address, when
Dr. Sharpey, the Secretary of the Hoyal Society, caUed upon me
from Lord Wrottesley, bringing with him the official Treasury
minute, which I shall have the extreme satisfaction of reading to
you, confirming the appropriation of Burlington House to the
Royal Society, on condition of their providing suitable accommo-
dation for the Linnean and Chemical Societies. You will find one
or two points mentioned which will require some explanation, and
this I shall be enabled to give you.

" Treasury Chambers, May 22, 1856.

" Mt Lord, — I am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her
Majesty's Treasury to acquaint your Lordship, with reference to
the views set forth in your letter to the Duke of Argyle on the
30th ult., which has been laid before the Board, that Her
Majesty's Grovernment are not at present in a position to enable
them to state any definite views with respect to the project for
the juxtaposition of the principal scientific Societies in a building
to be erected in a convenient and central locality. I have to state
that their Lordships are, however, prepared so far to concede to
the views advanced by your Lordship on behalf of a large nvimber
of persons connected with Science, as to allow the temporary
location of the Linnean and Chemical Societies in conjunction
with the Eoyal Society in the present building of Burlington
House, on the following conditions, viz. : —

" 1st. That the removal of the Royal Society from Somerset
House shall not prejudice the position of the other Societies
located in that building, in regard to the terms on which they are
permitted to occupy their present apartments.

" 2ndly. That the Royal Society shall be put in possession of the
main building of Bui'lington House, on the understanding that
they will, in communication with the Linnean and Chemical
Societies, assign suitable accommodation therein for those bodies.

" 3rdly. A common library to be formed for the use of the three
Societies, on the understanding that suitable arrangements shall
be made for the admission thereto, for the piu'poses of reference
and study, of men of letters and science, on orders given by Fellows
of the three Societies.

" 4thly. The Societies to be allowed the use of the HaU, which it
is proposed to construct in the west wing of Bin-lington House,
at such times as it may not be required by the Senate of the Uni-

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXUl

versity of London, it being distinctly imderstood that this permis-
sion is to be so exercised as not in any way to iuterfere with the
convenience of the Uniyersity.

"Sthly. The collection of portraits belonging to the Eoyal Society
to be hung on the walls of the proposed Hall, and to be open to
the inspection of the public under such regulations as may be
convenient, and subject especially to the provisions in the previous
clause.

" 6thly. That the adoption of this temporary arrangement shall
not in any respect be held to weaken the claims of the Eoyal
Society to permanent accommodation.

" I have the honoiir to be, &c. &c.,

(Signed) " James "Wilson."
" To the President of the Royal Society.''''

The points in this letter to which I have alluded as requiring
explanation, are the temporary character of the occupation, and
the union of the libraries. "With respect to the first, nothing
more is intended than that, upon the completion of the larger
building, which is as yet only contemplated, our Society, in com-
mon with others engaged in the pursuits of science, will have
ample accommodation in that bmlding. The intention of the
passage which refers to the imion of the libraries is understood to
be the admission to each library, for the purposes of considtation
and perusal, of all the Members of the three Societies ; the privi-
lege of borrowing the books being restricted, as at present, to the
Members of the Societ}^ to which the books respectively belong.

I cannot take leave of this subject and close my address without
expressing my sense of the sincerity and earnestness with which
the authorities of the Eoyal Society have advocated our cause, and
the anxious desire they have expressed to commence T^ith us the
practical development of the great principle of juxtaposition. To
us the success of the present effort is all-important. The immu-
nity from rent, the close association with our brethren in scientific
pursuits, the approximation of our libraries, and, let me add, the
prestige attached to such a locality, must act as a powerful aid to
our already growing prosperity, and enable us to carry out, imen-
c\imbered, our great mission, — the advancement of natural science,
•with aU its advantages, the amelioration of the condition of man,
the elevation of his character, intellectual and moral, and especially
the promotion of the glory of the Creator, by extending the know-
ledge of his works.

Linn. Peoc. , c

XXXIV PEOCEEDINGS 01" THE

OBITUAET NOTICES.

The Secretary then proceeded to read the followiBg obituary-
notices of deceased Fellows : —

Jolin Adamson, Esq., F.S.A., F.JR.G.S. ^c, was descended from
a family of respectability in the coimty of Durham. His father,
Cuthbert Adamson, in 1773, accompanied the Hon. Capt. Phipps
as second Lieutenant of the SaceJwrse, in his celebrated Voyage of
Discovery towards the North Pole ; and was afterwards stationed
at Newcastle in charge of the impress service of that port. Mr.
Adamson was born in Gateshead on the 13th of September 1787,
and after receiving his education at the Grammar School of New-
castle, was sent to Lisbon, where his elder brother had been for
some time established in business as a merchant. The unsettled
aspect of public afFairs, however, induced him to return to England,
and completely altered his views in life. He was soon after ar-
ticled to Mr. Thomas Davidson, an eminent legal practitioner, and
Clerk of the Peace for the county of Northumberland. In 1811,
at the age of 24, he was so fortunate as to obtain the appointment
of Under-Sheriff of Newcastle, which office he retained for five-
and-twenty years ; and the advantageous position which he had
thus early attained laid the foundation for his subsequent success
in his profession. From his youth he cultivated a taste for lite-
rature, antiquities, and natural history. He became a Member of
the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle in 1811, and
was one of its Secretaries from 1825 to the time of his death. His
taste for Portuguese literature, acquired during his brief visit to
that country in 1803, was evinced by the publication in 1808 of a
translation of Nicola Luiz's tragedy of Donna Ignez de Castro ;
and still more strongly by his ' Memoirs of the Life and Writings
of Camoens,' published in 1820 ; which obtained for him the title of
a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences at Lisbon,
and induced the Queen of Portugal, at a subsequent period, to
confer upon him the Orders of Knighthood of Christ, and of the
Tower and Sword. In 1842 he commenced a work entitled ' Lusi-
tania Illustrata; or Notices on the History, Antiquities, Lite-
rature, &c. of Portugal,' of which two parts only were published.
He had, in 1831, printed for private circulation, under the title of
' Bibliotheca Lusitana,' a catalogue of the books in his library
relating to Portugal ; but this ample and probably unrivalled col-
lection was, with few exceptions, together with nearly the whole
remainder of his choice and valuable library, destroyed by fire in
1849. A very remarkable collection, however, of the works of

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDOK. XXXV

Camoens, together with other rare and curious selections from his
library, have been sold by auction in London within the last two
days.

During the earlier part of his life, Mr. Adamson was an enthu-
siastic collector of coins. He was one of the founders of the local
Antiquarian Society, and, as its Treasurer and Secretary, contributed
greatly to promote its objects. He also became a Fellow of the
Society of Antiquaries, and contributed papers to the ' Archseologia,'
as well as to the ' Archseologia -S^liana,' of which the most important
related to the discovery, at Hexham in 1832, of a number of the
Anglo-Saxon coins called Stycas. In Natural History he chiefly
attached himself to Conchology, and formed a valuable cabinet of
shells amounting to upwards of 3000 species ; but despairing of
being able to keep pace with the great influx of new species of
modern introduction, he determined a few years since to part with
this collection. He had previously, in 1823, issued from the New-
castle press for private distribution, a little work entitled ' Concho-
logical Tables,' the principal object of which was to show at a
glance, on the authority of the best writers, the number of species
in each genus which a collector might hope to procure. He was
a Member of the Natural History Society of Newcastle, and,
besides other donations to various institutions, he gave a collec-
tion of fossils to the Museum at Newcastle, and a collection of
minerals to the University of Durham. He became a Fellow of
the Linnean Society in 1823, and was elected Corresponding
Member of numerous Antiquarian and Literary Societies on the
continent of Europe, and Honorary Member of the Antiquarian
Societies of Edinburgh, Perth and Cambridge, and of the Literary
and Philosophical Society of Halifax. In the month of July last
he lost his wife, by whom he had seven children, five of whom
survive him. His friends had long noticed his failing health, but
he continued attentive to his business until a few days before his
death, which took place on the 27th of last September, when he
had just completed his 68th year.

John Allcard, Esq., of Burton-Closes, near Bakewell, in the
county of Derby, a member of the well-known firm of Overend,
Gurney and Co., became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1844,
and died at his house in Connaught Place West, Hyde Park,
London, on the 9th of Api^l of the present year, in the 78th year of
his age. He was a very zealous and successful cultivator of ferns,
and especially of tree-ferns, of which his collection at Stratford,
near London, might some years ago be considered as unrivalled,

c2

XXXVl PBOCEEDIKGS OF THE

The Bight Hon. William Bagot, Baron Bagot, D.C.L. Sfc, was
the third but eldest surviving son of "William, first Lord Bagot,
and was bom in Bruton Street, London, on the 11th September
1773. He was educated at Westminster School, and afterwards
at Magdalen College, Oxford, from which University he received
the degree of D.C.L. in 1834. In 1798 he succeeded his father
in the peerage, and in the same year he was elected a Fellow of
the Linnean Society. He took no active part in politics, but
attached himself to literary and scientific pursuits, especially to
agriculture and natural history, and became a Fellow of the
Society of Antiquaries, and also of the Horticultural and Zoolo-
gical Societies. In the year 1824 his Lordship printed ' Memo-
rials of the Bagot Family, compiled in 1823.' He was twice
married, and died at his seat, BHthfield, near Stafford, on the 12th
of February in the present year, leaving a numerous family by
his second wife. His connexion -with, the Linnean Society ex-
tended over the long period of fifty-eight years.

Lewis Weston Dillwyn, JEsq^., was descended from an old Bre-
conshire family, and was born at Ipswich in the year 1778. His
father, William Dillwyn, was a member of the Society of Friends,
whose immediate ancestors had emigrated to America in the com-
pany of William Perm, and who was himself early and intimately
associated with Clarkson and Wilberforce in the agitation for the
Abolition of Negro Slavery.

Mr. Dillwyn received his early education at a Friends' school
at Tottenham, where he had for the associate of his boyish days
our old and valued FeUow, INIr. Joseph Woods, together with
whom he was sent for a time to Folkestone on account of the then
weak state of his health. In the year 1798 he went to Dover,
where he succeeded his school-companion Mr. Woods as the
inmate of a friend of the name of Beck. " Diiring his residence
at Dover," says Mr. Woods, in a communication on the subject,
" I paid him a visit, and well recollect the pleasure we had in
rambling over the country, and finding many plants which were
then unknown to us. I apprehend that it was during this re-
sidence at Dover that he first applied himself to botany, but what
fixed his attention to that science I do not know. Probably his
intimacy with the three brothers Forster had something to do
with it." The fruit of his researches at Dover appeared in a list
of plants, read at the Linnean Society in March 1801, and in
October of the same year he contributed a notice of the discovery
of the Sisymbriwm onurale, L., in the neighbourhood of Hamsgate,

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXVU

which was published in the sixth volume of our ' Transactions.'
At the Ijeginuing of 1801 he resided with his father at Waltham-
stow, but in the following year his father purchased the Cambrian
Pottery at Swansea, at the head of which extensive establishment
he was thenceforward placed, although he did not absolutely
settle there until the year 1803. His principal botanical work,
* The Natm-al History of British Confervae,' was commenced in
1802, when he was only 24 years of age ; and ' The Botanist's
Guide through England and Wales,' in two vols. 8vo, the joint
production of himself and Mr. Dawson Turner, was published in
1805. In the establishment which he conducted he found means
of turning to good account his studies as a naturalist, and the
porcelain of the Cambrian Pottery speedily acquired great ce-
lebrity for the faithful and exquisite paintings of birds, butterflies,
shells and flowers with which it was ornamented, and which,
together with the beauty of the material itself, render the
"Swansea China" an article of great value in the eyes of con-
noisseurs. It was brought to its highest state of perfection about
the year 1814, but was soon after laid aside, and earthenware
again became, as it now is, the sole product of the Cambrian
Pottery.

In 1809 Mr. Dillwyn completed his work on ' British Con-
fervae,' which formed, at the period of its publication, a most
valuable contribution to a very neglected branch of the natural
history of the British Islands. Shortly afterwards he married the
daughter of John Llewelyn, Esq., of Penllergare, in the county
of Glamorgan, on whose death, his eldest son, John DUlwyn
Llewelyn, became heir to the extensive estates of his maternal
grandfather, and for some years afterwards, as his son's guardian,
Mr. Dillwyn resided at Penllergare. Previous, however, to this
removal, he published, in 1817, 'A descriptive Catalogue of
Recent Shells, arranged according to the Linnean Method,' in
two vols. 8vo, a work of great labour and research, which he
dedicated to Sir Joseph Banks, with whom he had long been on
terms of friendly intimacy, and to the free use of whose extensive
Hbrary he declares himself in the preface indebted for the means
of producing it in so complete a form. This work was followed,
in 1823, by ' An Index to the Historia Conchyliorum of Lister,
with occasional Remarks,' printed in foUo, at the Clarendon
Press, at the expense of the University of Oxford, which, on this
occasion, offered to Mr. DiUwyn the honorary degree of D.C.L.,
an honour which he, however, declined. In 1823 also he com-.

XXXnil PROCEEDINGS OE THE

municated to the Royal Society a paper " On Fossil Shells," which
was printed in the ' Philosophical Transactions,' and was suc-
ceeded by a second paper on the same siibject in the following
year. In 1827 he communicated to the Linnean Society a notice
of the occurrence of lanthina fragilis, Lam., in the neighbourhood
of Swansea, which is published in the 16th volume of our ' Trans-
actions.' Two short papers, one in the third volume of the
' Zoological Journal,' on the Cypraese described by Mr. Gray, and
the other in the ' Proceedings ' of the Zoological Society, " On
the Capture of a specimen oi Labrus maculatus in Swansea Bay,"
were published in 1828 and 1829. His ' Rarer Plants of Swansea,'
and his ' Memoranda relating to Coleopterous Insects found in
the neighbovirhood of Swansea,' both privately printed, were also
widely distributed by him in the same years.

In 1832, on the election which followed the passing of the
Reform Bill, Mr. Dillwyn was returned to the House of Commons
for the coimty of Glamorgan, of which he had for many years
been an active Magistrate, occasionally presidmg as Chairman of
the Quarter Sessions, and for which he had also served the office
of High Sheriff in 1818. The freedom of the borough of Swansea
was unanimously presented to him in 1834, " as a mark of great
personal respect," and from 1835 to 1840 he served as Mayor and
Alderman of the borough. In his capacity of a Member of Par-
liament, from which he retired at the election of 1841, his votes
were given with more than usual independence of party trammels.
His portrait appears, in company with those of his friends, Mr.
Talbot and Mr. Vivian, in Sir George Hayter's celebrated picture,
and has since been separately lithographed by Eddis.

During the period of his parliamentary career his visits to
London were necessarily more frequent and of longer duration ;
but his time was not wholly swallowed up by his attention to
■public affairs. He was busily engaged in the libraries of the
Athenaeum, of the British Museum, and of the Royal and Linnean
Societies, in preparing ' A Review of the references to the Hortus
Malabaricus of Henry Van Rheede Draakenstein,' which he
printed in 1839. In the covmtry too he occupied himself on a
volume entitled ' Contributions towards a History of Swansea,'
300 copies of which work, printed in 1840, he presented to the
managers of a bazaar for the benefit of the Swansea Infirmary,
for which valuable institution the sale of these copies is believed
to have produced the sum of £150. In 1843 he printed ' Hortus
CoUinsoniauus : an Account of the Plants cultivated by Peter Col-

lilNNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXIX

linson, arranged alphabetically according to their modern names,
from the Catalogue of his Garden and other Manuscripts,' which
forms a useful commentary on the state of English gardens in the
middle of the last century. It was of course with no small deHght
that Mr. Dillwyn welcomed the meeting of the British Asso-
ciation at Swansea in 1848. As one of the Vice-Presidents of
the Meeting, and President of the Section of Zoology and Natural
History, he took a warm interest and an active part in all the
discussions that arose ; and at his residence of Sketty HaU, to
wliich he had some years previoiasly removed, he received ^ith
•hospitable welcome several of the most distinguished members of
the Association. To celebrate the occasion, he dedicated to Lord
Northampton and the Council a work ' On the Flora and Fauna
of Swansea,' which issued from the local press on the first day of
the Meeting, and was received by the members as a pleasing con-
tribution to their local information.

This was the last of liis publications : his health gradually gave
way, and for several years before his death he had ceased to
mingle in the busy world, or to take any active interest in its
affairs. He died on the 31st of August last, at Sketty HaU, at
the age of 77, leaving two sons (both FeUows of our Society,
and both distinguished cultivators of natural history) and two
daughtei's. IVIr. Dillwyn was thoroughly honourable and upright
in all his dealings, a steady man of business, a liberal and active
country gentleman, a warm friend, and a zealous and enlightened
cx>ntributor to natural science. AVith his contemporary natural-
ists, and especially with Sir James Smith, Mr. Dawson Turner,
Mr. Edward Forster, Mr. Borrer, Mr. Woods and Mr. Brown, he
was on terms of affectionate intimacy ; and those of a later gene-
ration looked up to him with feelings of gratefid res^^ect. He
became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1800, and of the Royal
Society in 1804 ; and this Society may fairly regard it as a subject
of cordial congratulation to have retained for five-and-fifty years
the fellowship of so valuable a member and so estimable a man.

George Don, Esq., was born at Forfar, on the 17th of May
1798. He was the eldest son of the zealous British botanist ot
the same name, well kno^^Ti as the discoverer of many of the most
interesting plants of the Scottish Highlands, and a constant cor-
respondent of the late Sir James Edward Smith, who in liis
' English Flora ' (under Bosa Donianct) speaks of him as " one of
the most indefatigable, as well as acciu-ate of botanists ; who loved
the science for its own sake, and braved everv difficultv in its ser-

xl PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

vice." On the death of his father, in 1814, Mr. Don, in conjunc-
tion with his younger brother, David, made an attempt to carry-
on the nursery which their father had established at Forfar ; but
the business was shortly after given up, the elder brother removing
in 1815 to Edinburgh, where he was for a time employed in the
establishment of Messrs. Dickson and Co. In the following year
he came to London, and after a short engagement at the Portman
Nursery, succeeded in obtaining employment at the Chelsea Bo-
tanic Garden, then under the charge of Mr. Anderson, with whom
he remained as foreman till 1821, when he entered the service of
the Horticultural Society, and was shortly after despatched as their
collector to Tropical Africa, South America, &c. During this
voyage, which occupied something more than a year (from Decem-
ber 1821 tni February 1823), he visited Madeira, Sierra Leone,
St, Thomas's, Bahia, St. Salvador, Maranham, Trinidad, Jamaica,
Havana, &c., and his activity in collecting and sending home
living plants, seeds, and dried specimens, obtained for him the
highest encomiums of the then Secretary of the Horticultviral
Society, Mr. Sabine. Many of these plants afterwards flowered at
Chisvsdck, and were described by Professor Liiidley in the Horticul-
tural Transactions, &c. Mr. Don's attention having been parti-
cularly directed to the introduction of tropical fruits and the pro-
curing of accurate information respecting them, and his visit to
Sierra Leone occurring at a time when many of its fruits (then
chiefly knovni from Dr. Afzelius's Eeport to the African Society)
were in perfection, he was enabled to collect materials for a very
interesting account of them, which appeared in the 5th volume of
the Horticultural Society's ' Transactions,' under the title " Some
Accounts of the Edible Fruits of Sierra Leone, drawn up by
Joseph Sabine, Esq., Secretary, from the Journal and personal
communication of Mr. George Don, A.L.S." At the recent
sale of the Herbarium of the Horticultural Society, specimens of
the plants obtained by Mr. Don during this expedition, and which
are valuable, not merely in connexion with his own botanical
labours, but likewise as being, in part, typical of the species
described by Messrs. Bentham, Hooker, &c., in the ' Flora Nigri-
tiana,' were purchased for the Herbarium of the British Museum.
His brother David having succeeded INir. Brovm, on his resigna-
tion in 1822, as Librarian to the Linnean Society, George was for
some years domiciled with him. During the earlier part of that
period, he appears to have been occupied upon a revision of the
genus Combrrfum, which was read befoi'e the Linnean Society in

LIKNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. xli

March 1826, and published in the 15th volume of its 'Trans-
actions.' About the same time Mr. Don also communicated to
the Wernerian Society a Monograph of the genus Allitim, which
is published in the 6th volume of the Memoirs of that Society.
From 1828 to 1837 his time was principally occupied upon the
' General System of Gardening and Botany,' or as it was after-
wards called, the ' History of Dichlamydeous Plants,' consisting
of four 4to volumes, averaging about 880 pages each. The original
intention was, that the work should include all the known species
of plants, and that the whole should be comprised in four volumes ;
but this being found impracticable, and the publishers receiving
little encouragement to proceed, it was abruptly closed at the 4th
volvune without its having extended beyond the Dichla/niydecB. He
shortly afterwards entered into an engagement to supply the
botanical articles of the ' Encyclopaedia MetropoKtana,' which he
continued to do till the close of the work, great part of the intro-
ductory treatise having been furnished by him, as well as the
articles in the alphabetical series, from the middle of the 11th
volume to the end of the 12th. In 1842-3 he was employed by
the Board of Woods and Forests in naming the trees and shrubs
in Kensington Gardens and the Parks, by means of which the
names of a very considerable number of species and varieties of
woody plants have become familiar to the visitors. He Likewise
rendered much assistance to the late Mr. Loudon in the prepara-
tion of the various botanical works in which that gentleman was
engaged during the last ten or twelve years of his life ; and the last
of his botanical laboTirs was the preparation of a supplement to
Loudon's ' Encyclopaedia of Plants,' which made its appearance
only a few months before his death. He had been suffering at in-
tervals during the last two years from disease of the heart, which
had latterly prevented him from being present at any of our
meetings, at which he had for many years previously been a con-
stant attendant, having been elected an Associate in 1822, and a
Fellow in 1831. He died at Campden ELill, Kensington, on the
25th of February last, in the 58tli year of his age.

Alexander Erskine, Esq., of Balhall, in the county of Forfar,
and Longhaven, Aberdeenshire, became a Fellow of the Linnean
Society in 1804, and was also a Fellow of the Horticultural Society.
He died, at his residence in Bryanstone Square, on the 17th of
November last, in the 81st year of his age, having been for more
than fifty years a Fellow of our Society.

John Harris, Esq., of Exeter, Surgeon, was admitted a Fellow

xlii PROCEEDINGS OF THE

of the Linnean Society in 1813, and died at Exeter on the 30th of
June last year, at the age of 73.

Samuel Solker Haslam, Esgi., became a Eellow of the Linnean
Society in 1836. He was warmly attached to literary and scientific
pursuits, spoke fluently both French and German, was conversant
with Italian, and made considerable collections of plants and insects,
both of which he presented, about two years ago, to the Natural
History Society of Kendal. He died at his residence, Woodhouse,
Mihithorpe, Westmoreland, on the 13th of April in the present
year.

Henry Jenner, Usq., M.D., was the son of the Eev. Henry
Jenner, M.A., Eector of Eockhampton in Gloucestershire, and
Domestic Chaplain to the Earl of Aylesbury. In 1783 he was
apprenticed to his uncle, the celebrated Dr. Edward Jenner, and
being of an inquiring disposition and greatly attached to natural
history, assisted him, not only in his professional avocations,
but also in his natural-history studies. In tliis way he took a
share in the investigation in relation to the Habits of the Cuckoo,
published by his uncle in the ' Philosophical Transactions' for
1788. He became a Eellow of the Linnean Society in 1799, and
had consequently been a Member for the long period of 57 years.
His death took place in March of the present year at Berkeley,
in Gloucestershire, where he had continued to reside.

Joseph Neeld, Esq., F.S.A., of Grittleton, in the county of
Wilts, a Deputy- Lieutenant of Wiltshire, M.P. for the borough of
Chippenham, and High-Steward of Malmesbury, was a grand-
nephew of the late Philip Eundell, of Ludgate HiU, at whose
death in 1827 he became possessed, as residuary legatee, of
property little short of a million sterling. In the subsequent
year he purchased the estate of Grittleton, to which he has since
made large additions, of which Mr. Britton has lately given a par-
ticular account. A new mansion, on a scale and of a character fitted
to rank with the most magnificent seats in the coimtry, is in -pro-
gress of erection; the farm-houses, cottages, and cluirches have been
rebuilt, and the whole domain has been placed under a general
system of amelioration and improved cultivation. In Parliament,
Mr. Neeld was a steady supporter of the Conservative party : he
married, in 1831, a sister of the present Earl of Shaftesbury, but
having no issue, his great estates devolve iipon his brother John.
He became a Eellow of the Linnean Society in 1829, and died on
the 24th of March in the present year, at the age of 67.

Bear-Admiral tJie Hon. William Henry Percy, sixth son of Alger-

lix>t;an society or London. xliii

non, first Earl of Beverley, was born ou the 24tli of March 1788.
He entered the ^s^avy in 1801 as first-class volunteer on board the
Lion, 6-1, and became in the next year Midshipman of the Medusa,
32. In that ship, after sharing in the capture of several Spanish
frigates and merchantmen of great value, he sailed with the
Marquis Cornwallis for the East Indies, and returned from the
Ganges to the Lizard, a distance of 13,831 miles, in the sur-
prisingly short period of 84 days. He next served on board of
several vessels on the Home Station, and became in 1807 Lieute-
nant of the Decade frigate, and afterwards of the Hibernia. In
1810 he obtained the rank of Commander, and was appointed to
the Mermaid, 28, which was engaged in the conveyance of troops
to Portugal and Spain. He was posted in 1812, and in 1814
commanded the Hermes, 20, which vessel, after twenty-five of her
crew had been killed, and twenty-four wounded, in an unsuccess-
ful attack on Eort Bowyer, Mobile, was set on fire and destroyed
to prevent her falling into the hands of the Americans. On the
court-martial which ensued. Captain Percy, who had also on tliis
occasion under his command the Canon, 20, and Sophia and
Childers, of 18 gims each, was honourably acquitted of all blame.

He sat in two Parliaments, from 1818 to 1826, for the borough
of Stamford, and was appointed a Commissioner of Excise in 1828,
from which office he retired in 1849, having previously, in 1846,
accepted the rank of Eear- Admiral. ILs fellowship of the Linnean
Society dates from 1823, and he died, unmarried, at the house of
his brother, the present Earl of Beverley, in Portman Square, on
the 5th of last October, in the 68th year of his age.

Henry Perkins, Esq., of Hauworth Park, in the county of
IMiddlesex, one of the celebrated firm of Barclay, Perkins and
Co., became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in the year 1825,
and was also a Fellow of the Geological and Horticvdtural
Societies. He died at Dover, on the 15th of April of the present
year, at the age of 78.

John Beeves, Esq., F.B.S. Sfc, was the youngest son of the
Rev. Jonathan Heeves of Westham, near London, and was bom
on the 1st of May 1774. Left an orphan at an early age, he
was educated at Christ's Hospital, and afterwards entered the
counting-house of a tea-broker, where he acquired so thorough a
knowledge of teas, as to recommend him in 1808 to the ofiice of
Inspector of Tea in England in the service of the Honom-able
East India Company. In 1812 he proceeded to China as Assist-
ant, and subsequently became Chief Inspector of Tea in the East

xliv PBOCEEDINQS OF THE

India Company's establishment at Canton, From the time of his
arrival in China, he devoted his leisure to investigating the
resoiirces of the coiintry, and to the pursuit of various branches
of science, making it his principal object to procure specimens of
the natural productions of the country, and especially those which
promised to be either useful or ornamental, and to transmit them
to England to such indiATiduals or societies as appeared most likely
to turn them to account. His principal correspondent for some
years after his first arrival in China was Sir Joseph Banks. He
formed no collections of his own, neither did he keep any record
of his proceedings in this respect ; so that were it not for the
knowledge possessed by many among us of the extent of his con-
tributions to our gardens and museums, there would be some risk
of our obligations to his memory remaining unacknowledged and
forgotten. During the whole period of his residence in China,
from 1812 to 1831, he contributed largely to English horticulture,
and to the Horticultural Society in particular, not only by his
own direct shipments of plants, but also by collecting plants
during the spring and summer, establishing them well in pots
previous to the shipping season, and then commending them to the
care of the captains of the Company's ships, to whom he was also
always ready to recommend the most desirable plants for transpor-
tation to England. It was in this way, to instance one case among
many, that the Wistaria Sinensis first found its way to England. It
was in the latter part of his stay in China that he made the fine
collection of fishes, which, together with his drawings, furnished
the groundwork of Sir John Richardson's valuable Report " On
the Ichthyology of the Seas of China and Japan," published in the
' Reports of the British Association ' for 1845. As the history
of these drawings and collections strikingly illustrates his activity
in collecting, and disinterestedness in distributing his materials,
I cannot do better than quote the observations of Sir John
Richardson in regard to them. " For upwards of fifteen years,"
says that gentleman, " materials for an ample account of the
fishes of China have existed in England. John Reeves, Esq., who
was long resident at Macao, with an enlightened munificence,
caused beautiful coloured drawings, mostly of the natural size,
to be made of no fewer than 340 species of fish, which are brought
to the markets of Canton. These drawLugs are executed wdth a
correctness and finish which will be sought for in vain in the older
works on ichthyology, and which are not surpassed in the plates
of any large European work "of the present day. The brilliancy

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. xly

and effect of the colouring, and correctness of profile, render them
excellent portraits of the fish they are intended to represent.
Mr. Eeeves had four copies of these drawings made. One set,
which he presented to General Hardwicke, is bound up with that
officer's large collection of sketches of Indian Tish, in four folio
volumes, in the British Museimi. Another copy, left by Mr.
Heeves at Macao with Mr. Beale, formed the groundwork of the
enumeration of Chinese fishes in Bridgeman's ' Chrestomathy.'
A third copy, which he liberally lent to me, is the foundation
of this Report. Mr. Reeves has also deposited in the British
Museum specimens of Chinese fish, both dried and preserved in
spirits, part of them the very examples which are figured in his
drawings. His son, John Russell Reeves, Esq., [also, let me add,
a valuable Fellow of our Society,] has likewise presented various
fish procured at Macao to the British Museum ; among which are
several species not figured in his father's drawings." Mr. Reeves's
contributions to the British Museum were not limited to the
Natural-History departments, but included also the Library and
the department of Antiquities, to the latter of which in particular
he gave, from his large collection of Chinese coins, all such as
were thought desirable for the national cabinet. At an early
period of his residence in China, he collected, at the request of
Dr. Morison, the Chinese names of the stars and constellations,
which were published at that time, and are usually bound up with
Dr. Morison' s Chinese Dictionary.

Mr. Reeves became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1817,
and of the Royal Society in the same year ; he was also a Fellow
of the Horticultural Society, the Royal Astronomical, the Asiatic,
and the Zoological Societies, and of the Society of Arts ; and most
of these institutions are indebted to him for valuable contributions
to their collections. From the time of his return to England, in
1831, he resided at Clapham, where he died on the 22nd of March
in the present year, having nearly completed his 82nd year.

Samuel JRootsey, JEsq., for many years Lectvirer on Chemistry
and Botany in the Medical School of Bristol, was born on the
12th of February 1788, at Colchester, where his father was the
proprietor of extensive oil-mills. At an early age he was placed
under the charge of his grandmother at Halstead in the coiinty
of Essex, and attended the grammar-school of that place for some
years ; after which he was removed to a boarding-school at Harlow
in the same cotmty. In 1803 he was apprenticed to a chemist at
Southampton, and eagerly attached himself to the study of che-

xlvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE

mistry and botany, and to tlie acquisition of different languages,
which occupied a large share of his attention during the remaiader
of his life. Soon after the expiration of his apprenticeship he
wrote to Dr. Maton, to whom he was then personally unknown,
stating his anxious desire to become a Fellow of the Liunean
Society, and so strongly was Dr. Maton impressed in his favour
by the terms of his letter, that he readily undertook to propose
him. In the following year he was elected, and passing some
time in London, was introduced by Dr. Maton to Sir Joseph
Banks, Sir James E. Smith, and other eminent men of science, and
derived great advantage from the permission I'eadily granted him
by Sir J. Banks to make use of his library and herbarium. In the
year 1812, Mr. Rootsey established himself at Bristol as a chemist
and druggist, and soon after commenced his Lectures on Chemistry
and Botany, the latter of which he continued until within a short
period of his death. In 1815 he published " A General Dispen-
satory, or Arrangement of the Pharmacopoeias of London, Edin-
burgh and Dublin," which he dedicated to Dr. Maton ; and in
1818, a " Syllabus of a Course of Botanical Lectures," delivered
to his pupils at Bristol. He also published a new system of No-
tation in Music, and various other works. A tour in Sweden in
1824 made him acquainted with Westring, from whom he obtained
the copper-plates of his Essays on Lichens and the Dyes afforded
by them, of which he proposed publishing an English translation ;
but imfortimately this intention was never carried out. He also
made the acquaintance of Brohng and Afzelius ; and his MS.
Journal of his tour is stated to contain some highly interesting
facts and observations relating to natural history. In it he
mentions, among other subjects on which he was engaged, a new
projection of the World, his theory of vocal intervals in Music,
his mode of studying the Chinese Characters, his system of Phar-
macy, his Mineralogical Sliding-Eule, &c. &c. In 1826 he
published a revised and corrected edition of Donne's ' Mechanical
G-eometry ; ' and besides the separate publications already men-
tioned, he communicated to the Philosophical and Literary Insti-
tution of Bristol, of which he was an Honorary Member, nume-
rous Papers on a variety of subjects, and to the Medico-Botanical
Society a Paper " On the Medical Botany of Shakespeare," which
was published in their ' Transactions ' for 1832. From the year
1834 he was chiefly occupied in lecturing on various subjects, but
more particularly on Botany, in Bristol, Bath, Swansea, Neath, and
other towns in the Western district ; but of late years his health

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlvii

had been gradually failing, and he died on the 4th of September
last, after a short illness, in the 68th year of his age.

Thomas Salter, Esq., was the descendant of a highly respectable
Quaker-family in Somersetshire, and became at an early age the
pupil of the late Thomas Bell, Esq. of Poole, the father of our
excellent President. In 1809 he entered at St. Thomas's Hos-
pital, and in 1810 he was admitted a Member of the Eoyal College
of Surgeons, the Council of which, on the grant of their new
Charter in 1844, conferred on him the title of Fellow. On his
return to Poole, after the completion of his medical studies in
London, he was admitted into partnership by Mr. Bell, whose
only daughter he married. Prom that time, until the day of his
death, he continued to practise his profession in Poole, where he
acquired a high degree of influence, not only by the success of his
medical practice, but also by his social qualities, the cheerfulness
of his disposition, and the atmosphere of pleasant comfort which
his presence diffused even in the chamber of sickness and of suf-
fering. Through the whole of this lengthened period he prose-
cuted his profession in all its scientific bearings, and constantly
kept pace with advancing discovery, reading all the most import-
ant medical works as they appeared, and preparing with his
own hands anatomical and pathological specimens. The medical
library which he has left behind him is one of the largest, and his
medical museum by far the most important in the county of
Dorset. He also contributed many valuable Papers to medical
literature, most of which were published in the Transactions of
the different medical societies ; and educated more than twenty
pupils, many of whom, including his three surviving sons, hold a
distinguished position in the ranks of the profession : two of his
sons are Fellows of our Society. His youngest son, Mr. Morgan
Salter, unhappily volunteered to take the medical charge of H. M.S.
Prince, and perished from the wreck of that ill-fated ship in the
great storm at Balaklava. Mr. Salter's death, which was no doubt
hastened by this sad event, from the shock of which he never
recovered, took place suddenly. On his way to visit some sick
poor, on the night of the 20th of February, the extreme coldness
of the air appears partially to have arrested his circidation, which
his heart was apparently too feeble to restore. He sought refuge
in the house of a friend, where he died before any assistance could
arrive, from no actual disease, but from sudden and complete
prostration of the system. In early life he devoted his few leisure
hours to the study of geology, botany and chemistry, and he has

xlviii PBOCEEDINGS OF THE

left a choice and numerous collection of fossils accumulated at
that period. In 1824 he became a Fellow of the Linnean Society,
and in 1827 of the Medico- Chirurgical : he held also the Commis-
sion of a Justice of Peace for the town of Poole. Although it
was his express desire that his funeral should be quiet and un-
ostentatious, some hundreds of the most respectable inhabitants of
the town attended to do honour to his memory, and the closing of
shops and private houses in the route through which the funeral
was to pass, evinced the deep respect in which he was held. He
died at the age of 70.

The Most Nohle Edward Adolphus, Duke of Somerset, K.G.,
Vice- Admiral of the Coast of Somersetshire, D.G.L., F.B.S., F.S.A.,
and a Trustee of the Sunterian Museum, was born at Monkton-
Parley in Wiltshire, on the 24th of February 1775. "While in
his nineteenth year he succeeded to the title and estates. He was
a Member of Christ Church College, Oxford, where the degree of
M.A. was conferred upon him in 1794, and that of D.C.L. in 1810.
From an early age he evinced an attachment to science : he was
elected F.R.S. in 1797 ; in 1816 he became F.S.A., and in 1820
F.L.S. For some years he was President of the Royal Institu-
tion ; and from 1801 to 1838 he was likewise President of the
Literary Fund, to which he contributed largely during forty-six
years. From 1826 to 1831 he was a Vice-President of the Zoolo-
gical Society. At the anniversary of 1834, on the resignation of
Lord Stanley, he was elected President of the Linnean Society,
and continued to hold that office till the end of 1837, when he
resigned and was succeeded in it by the late Lord Bishop of Nor-
wich. His uniform courtesy of manners and amiability of temper,
combined with the hospitable and friendly reception which he
gave to men of literature and science, and the extent of his infor-
mation on a wide range of subjects, wiU cause his memory to be
cherished and respected by all who were admitted to the privilege
of meeting him in social intercourse. In science he chiefly
attached himself to mathematical studies, and published, in 1842,
" A Treatise in which the Elementary Properties of the ElKpse
are deduced from the Properties of the Circle, and geometrically
demonstrated," of which a second edition was printed in the fol-
lowing year ; and the investigation was still further piirsued in
another treatise, entitled " Alternate Circles and their Connexion
with the Ellipse," published in 1850. His Grace was twice mar-
ried, first to a daughter of the Duke of Hamilton, and secondly to
the eldest daughter of Sir Michael Shaw Stewart, Bart., who,

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDOIf. xlix

together with seven of his children by his first wife, survives him.
He died on the 15th of August last, at his residence in Park Lane,
and was buried in the cemetery at Kensal G-reen. His eldest
son, the present Dnke, has filled several important offices in the
State, and is a Trustee of the British Museiun.

William Sioainson, Esq^., F.B.S., Hon. M.C.F.S. Sfc, was bom
on the 8th of October 1789, His father was then Secretary of
the Board of Customs in London, and subsequently iilled the im-
portant office of Collector of the Port of Liverpool. At the early
age of 14, he was appointed a Junior Clerk in the same branch of
the service ; but a love of natural history had been so strongly
implanted m him, when a mere child, by the inspection of his
father's collections of British insects and shells, that it became
impossible to reconcile his ardent disposition to the formal routine
of official life at home. To gratify his inclination for studying the
natural history of other countries, his father therefore obtained
for him an appointment in the Commissariat, and in this new
capacity, after a short stay at Malta, he arrived in Sicily in the
spring of 1807. Duriag the eight succeeding years he was chiefly
stationed in that island, and no serious operations being vmder-
taken by the corps to which he was attached, he had abundant
opportunities of adding to his collections of plants, insects, shells
and fishes, and leisure to make a multitude of drawings and
sketches of natural objects. During this period he made an ex-
cursion to Greece, and also visited Naples, Genoa and Tuscany.
In 1815 he retui'ned to England, bringing with him large collec-
tions in natural history ; and resolving henceforward to devote
himself to no other p\irs\iit, he relinquished the certain prospect
of rapid advancement in his profession, and retired upon half-pay.
His great object was to visit some distant part of the world which
had been little investigated by naturalists, and he first fixed upon
Southern Africa ; but on hearing of the successful journey of Dr.
Burchell in that region, which he supposed to have nearly ex-
hausted its natural productions, he determined on penetrating
into the interior of Northern Brazil. With this view, in company
with Mr. Koster, the narrative of whose first journey in Brazil
had just been published, he left England late in the autumn of
1816. But his attempts to traverse the Continent, or even to
penetrate far into the interior, were frustrated by the revolution
of 1817, and he was compelled to content himself with collecting
in the neighbourhood of Olinda, in the district of the E.io San
Francisco, and afterwards in that of Eio de Janeiro. On his

Linn. Proc. d

* PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

return to Liverpool he proposed to publish a Narrative of his
Travels, but a short abstract of them given in the * Edinburgh
Philosophical Journal ' having attracted little attention, he aban-
doned the idea, and determined to confine himseK to the publica-
tion of his zoological materials. Accordingly having familiarized
himself with the then novel art of lithography, he commenced a
series of plates, drawn by himself, and issued periodically, under
the title of ' Zoological Illustrations,' the first series of which,
consisting of three vols., were published between the years 1820
and 1823. In order more efficiently to superintend this publi-
cation, and also another in which he soon afterwards engaged,
under the title of ' Exotic Conchology,' he removed to London ;
but, in 1825, in pursuance of an engagement long previously
formed, he married the daughter of John Parkes, Esq. of War-
wick, and took up his residence in that town. In 1826 he lost
his father, and soon after entered into engagements with Messrs.
Longman for the publication of an ' Encyclopaedia of Zoology,'
which was intended to form a companion volume to Loudon's
' Encyclopaedia of Agriculture and Gardening.' On reconsidermg
the subject, however, the publishers determined to combine this
intended work with their projected ' Cabinet Cyclopaedia,' and
eleven volumes of the ' Cabinet Cyclopaedia of Natural History,'
from the pen of Mr. Swainson, successively made their appearance
between 1834 and 1840, embracing ' A Preliminary Discourse on
the Study of Natural History,' ' A Treatise on the Geography and
Classification of Animals,' ' A Treatise on the Natural History and
Classification of Quadrupeds ;' of ' Birds,' 2 vols. ; of ' Pishes,
Amphibia, and Heptiles,' 2 vols. ; of ' Shells and Shell-fish,' 2 vols. ;
and volumes on ' The Habits and Instincts of Animals,' on 'Animals
in Menageries,' on ' Taxidermy, Bibliography, and Biography,' and,
in conjunction with Mr. Shuckard, ' On the History and Natural
Arrangement of Insects.' Previous to commencing this laborious
undertaking, ]Mr. Swainson had again changed his residence from
"Warwick to Tittenhanger Green, in the neighbourhood of St.
Albans, where he found himself sufficiently removed from the
distractions of a residence in London, and at the same time suffi-
ciently near the metropolis, to avaU himself frequently of its
libraries and collections. Here also he prepared and published a
second series of his ' Zoological Illustrations,' consisting, like the
first, of three vols. 8vo ; two volumes on ' The Birds of "Western
Africa,' and one on ' The Flycatchers,' forming part of Lizars's
' Naturalist's Cabinet' ; extensive contributions to the volume of

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. H

Sir John Richardson's ' Fauna Boreali- Americana,' illustrating the
Birds ; the zoological portion of Murray's ' EncyclopaBdia of G-eo-
graphy ;' ' Elements of Conchology, for the use of Students and
Travellers ;' and five parts of a work entitled ' Ornithological
Drawings : Series 1, Birds of Brazil.' In 1828 Mr, Swainson
passed several weeks in Paris, busied in studying the collections
of the French Museum, and adding to his large collection of
natural-history drawings. In 1835 he was left a widower with
five children ; and marrying again some years afterwards, he de-
termined on emigrating, with his family, to New Zealand, on the
climate of which, principally with reference to its sanative cha-
racter, he published a Httle work in 1840. In that year he
embarked on board a vessel, from the unseaworthiness of which he
unfortunately lost a large portion of his collections ; while, on his
arrival in New Zealand, he soon found that he had been misled
by exaggerated representations. He did not, however, suffer
himself to be dejected by these losses and disappointments. From
Rio de Janeiro, at which the vessel had touched to refit, he had
brought with him numerous vegetable productions, which he
thought would be suitable to the climate of New Zealand, and he
set himself energetically to work to establish himself in his new
abode. Of his pursuits as regards natural history during this
period few traces have reached England, although it cannot be
doubted that here, as elsewhere, a large portion of his attention
must have been devoted to his favourite pursuit. We only know
that he had his full share of those losses and privations which
usually fall to tlie lot of the earlier settlers in a new colony, aggra-
vated by the storms and earthquakes to which New Zealand ap-
pears to be peculiarly subject. In 1851 he visited Sydney ; and in
1853, he was engaged, under the authority of the governments of
Van Diemen's Land and Victoria, in an examination of the tim-
ber-trees of those colonies. Soon afterwards he returned to his
residence at Fern Grove, River Hutt, New Zealand, where he died,
it is supposed of an apoplectic seizure, after a week or ten days'
illness, on the 7th of December last, in the 67th year of his age.
His entry into the Linnean Society dates from 1816, and into
the Royal Society from 1820 ; and he was also an Honorary or
Corresponding Member of nimierous scientific societies both in
Europe and America. Of his five children by his first wife, four
sons survive him ; and of these, two are settled in New Zealand.
By his second wife he had three children, all daughters, who, with
their mother, also survive him. In addition to tlie extensive series

d2

■ ■MnicDcrrv (IF Ilalnii

lii PEOCEEDINGS Or THE

of separate works above mentioned, he was author of * Instructions
for Collecting and Preserving Subjects of Natural History and
Botany,' Liverpool, 1808 and 1820, subsequently enlarged into ' The
Naturalist's Guide for CoUecting,' &c., London, 1822 and 1824 ;
and of numerous Papers in Scientific Transactions and Journals,
among the most important of which are the following : —

1. On the genus Picus of Linnaeus, &c. — Mem. Wern. Soc. iii.
p. 288.

2. On two new Birds of the genus Fteroglossus of Illiger. —
Journ. Itoy. Inst. ix. p. 266.

3. On two new and remarkable Freshwater Shells, Melania
setosa and Unio gigas. — Ibid. xvii. p. 13.

4. On several new Shells belonging to the Linnean genus Voluta.
— Ibid. xvii. p. 28

5. Monograph of the genus Ancillaria. — Ibid, xviii. p. 272.

6. On Psittacus Fieldii, a new species of Parrot from Australia.
— Ibid. xix. p. 198.

7. Monograph of the genus TacJiypJionus. — Ibid. xx. p. 60.

8. On the Tyrant Shrikes of America. — Ibid. xx. p. 267.

9. On the Importance of preserving Pacts connected with the
Natural History of Animals. — Ibid, xxiii. p. 83.

10. The Characters of AcJiatinella, a new group of Terrestrial
Shells. — Ibid. xxv. p. 81.

11. On those Birds which exhibit the typical perfection of
Anatidce. — Ibid. ser. 2. ii. p. 11.

12. An. Inquiry into the Natural Affinities of the laniadce. —
Zool. Journ. i. p. 289.

13. On the Characters and Natural Affinities of several new
Birds from Australia. — Ibid. i. p. 443.

14. Characters and Descriptions of several Birds belonging to
the genus Thamnophilus, Vig. — Ibid. ii. p. 84.

15. On two new genera of Birds, Formicivora and Drymophila,
with Descriptions of several Species. — Ibid. n. p. 145.

16. On the genus Psaris of Cuvier. — Ibid. ii. p. 354.

17. On several Grroups and Porms in Ornithology not hitherto
defined.— 7Jz^. iii. p. 158, & p. 343.

18. On the Analogies of the Mitrance. — Proc. Zool. Soc. iii.
p. 197.

19. On Hemipodius nivosus, a new Bird from Africa. — Phil. Mag,
Ix. p. 353.

20. On Iridina, a genus of Freshwater Bivalve Shells. — Ibid.
lii. p. 112.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDOK. liii

21. The Characters of several rare and undescribed SheDs. —
Phil. Mag. bd. p. 375, & kii. p. 401.

22. On the Natural Afiinities of the Lepidoptera Diurna of
Latreille. — Ibid. ser. 2. i. p. 180.

23. SjTiopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. BuUock,
F.L.S., and W. Bullock, Z\m.—IUd. ser. 2. i. p. 364, & p. 433.

24. On the Nut-hatch {8itta Europced). — Mag. Nat. Hist. i.
. p. 328.

25. On the Natviral History and Relations of the Family of
Cueulidcs.—Mag. Zool. ^ Bot. i. p. 213, & p. 430.

The titles of this long list of publications sufficiently indicate
the wide scope of his zoological acquirements. He became deeply
imbued, at an early period, with Mr. W. S. MacLeay's views on
the circular succession of affinities, and the strict numerical re-
lations of the several groups ; and carried out these principles,
with some peculiar modifications of his own, through nearly all
the classes of the animal kingdom. As a zoological draughtsman
he also attained high distinction, combining the skill of a practised
artist with the accuracy of a well-instructed naturalist, and thus
giving to his representations of animals a double interest as
accurate copies of nature embellished by a refined taste in art.

The Bev. William Wehh, B.I)., Master of Clare HaU in the
University of Cambridge, M'as the son of "William Webb, M.A.,
Master of Bishop Vesey's Grammar-school at Sutton-Coldfield,
near Birmingham, and a magistrate of the county of Warwdck.
He was born at Sutton-Coldfield in February 1775, and educated
at home until sent to Clare Hall in 1793, where he took his
degrees of B.A. 1797, M.A. 1800, B.D. 1808, and D.D. 1816.
He became FeUow and Tutor of his College, and in 1815 was
unanimously elected Master, which office he filled for the long
period of forty-one years, during which he was twice Vice- Chan-
cellor of the University. Previous to his election as Master, he
held for a short time the living of Fornham near Bury St. Ed-
miuids, and subsequently that of Litlington near Cambridge. At
this place, during his incumbency, in the year 1821, a Roman
cemetery was opened, which yielded an extraordinary store of
sepulchral vessels. These are now preserved in the library at
Clare Hall, and are described in two papers in the ' Archaeologia,'
vols. 25 and 26, accompanied by plates from drawings made by
Mrs. "Webb. By this lady, to whom he was married in 1815,
during his short connexion with the rectory of Fornham, he had
several children, one of whom, a son, alone survives. Dr. "Webb

liv PROC"EEDIl!rGS OF THE

is stated to have rendered great services both to his College and
to the University. He collected a very valuable library of topo-
graphical, antiquarian and botanical works, as well as a consider-
able number of articles of virtu, which have been sold by auction
since his death. He was elected a Pellow of the Lianean Society
in 1815, and died at Litliagton, on the 4th of January in the
present year, in the 81st year of his age.

The only death which it is my duty to record as having occurred
among our Foreign Members diu-iag the past year, is that of

Johann Christoph Fried/rich Klug, Doctor of Medicine and Phi-
losophy, for the last thirty-eight years Extraordinary Professor in
the University of Berliu, and one of the Directors of the Royal
Zoological Museum of that capital. Information of the death of
this distinguished entomologist has been so recently communi-
cated to me, that I have not yet had the opportunity of making
myself sufficiently acquainted with the particulars of his life to
give even an imperfect sketch of his career. He was born at
Berlin on the 5th of May 1775, and educated at the University
of Halle, where he printed, in 1797, his inaugural dissertation,
entitled ' Historia Instrumentoriun ad Polyporum extirpationem.'
His entomological publications commenced with a valuable ' INIo-
nographia Siricum Grermanise,' published at Berlin in 4to, 1803 ;
and this has been followed by a long succession of monographs
(chiefly on the stinging Hymenopterd) and other works, extending
nearly to the present time. Of these thirty -five are enumerated
in the ' Bibliographia Zoologiae et Greologise ' of the Eay Society.
As Keeper of one of the most extensive and best-arranged collec-
tions of insects in Europe, he had ample opportvuiities of con-
tributing to entomological science, not only by his own labours,
but also by the assistance which he was ever ready to afford in
facilitating the labours of others.

The Secretary also announced that nineteen Fellows had been
elected since the last Anniversary.

At the Election which subsequently took place, Thomas BeU,
Esq. was re-elected President ; "William YarreU, Esq., Treasvn-er ;
John Joseph Bennett, Esq., Secretary ; and Eichard Taylor, Esq.,
Under-Secretary. The following Eive Eellows were elected into
the Council in the room of others going out : — Eobert Bentley,
Esq. ; L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. ; Eichard Owen, Esq. ; Joseph Woods,
Esq. ; and James Yates, Esq.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OE LONDON. Iv

The President nominated Francis Boott, Esq., M.D. ; Eobert
Brown, Esq. ; Eichard Owen, Esq. ; and William Tarrell, Esq.,
Vice-Presidents for the ensuing year.

The President proposed the Election of His Majesty Don Pedro,
King of Portugal, as one of the Honorary Members ; which,
having been put to the Society by open vote, was carried unani-
mously.

June 3rd, 1856.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Wniiam Penny was elected an Associate.

J . O. Westwood, Esq., E.L.S., made some observations on a
Lepidopterous Insect infesting the Sugar-canes of the Island of
Mauritius, and greatly diminishing the saccharine products (see
"Zoological Proceedings," p. 101) ; and a Conversation followed
among the Members present on the best means of destroying the
insect and thereby preventing its ravages.

Head, a " Note on the development oi Fungi upon Patna Opium;"
by the Eev. M. J. Berkeley, M.A., E.L.S. &c. (See " Botanical
Proceedings," p. 143.)

June 17th, 1856.

Special General Meeting.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

The Meeting having been specially summoned "to consider
a proposal from Her Majesty's Grovernment to give Apartments
to the Linnean Society in Burlington House," contained in a
Letter addressed by the Secretary of the Treasury to the President
of the Eoyal Society, and printed at p. xxxii, it was moved by
Joseph Dalton Hooker, Esq., M.D., seconded by John Eorster,
Esq., and resolved unanimously : —

That the Council be authorized to place itself in communication
with the Councils of the Eoyal and Chemical Societies, with
the view of carrying out the proposal of the Government, as
to the occupation of Burlington House.

Ivi PBOCEEDTNGS OF THE LINNEAK SOCIETY OF LONDON.

June I7tli, 1856.
Ordinary Meeting.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.
Joseph "Wainwright, Esq. was elected a Fellow.

Read, a Paper " On a New Organ in Insects ;" by J. B. Hicks,
Esq., M.D., E.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," p. 136.)

Read also, a Paper " On a New Species of Peziza-," by Fre-
derick Currey, Esq., F.L.S.

Read further, " Notes on some rare or undescribed Fungi lately
fovmd in the vicinity of Malvern, "Worcestershire;" by Edmn
Lees, Esq., F.L.S.

Ivii

ADDITIONS

TO THE

LIBRARY OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

RECEIVED FROM JANUARY 1, 1856, TO JUNE 30, 1856.

'[Continued from page xv.]

Titles. Donobs.

Academies and Societies.

Basel : — Naturforschende Gesellsctiaft, VerhandluBgen, heft 2,
Basel, 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Batavia : — Natuurkundige Vereeniging voor Nederlandsch
Indie. Natunrkundig Tijdschrift. Nieuwe Serie, deel 5, all.
5 & 6, & deel 6, afl. 3-6. Batavia, 1855, Svo. The Society.

Berlin : — Verein zur Beforderung des Gartenbaues in den K.
preussischen Staaten. Verhandlungen. band 16-19, bd.
20, heft 1, & band 21'. Berlin, 1842-53, 4to.

: NeueEeihe,jabrg. 3. i6. 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Bombay : — Hon. East India Company's Observatory. Mag-
netical and Meteorological Observations made at, in the
years 1852 & 1853. Bombay, 1855, 4to. The Company.

Breslau: — Imperial Academy "Naturae Curiosorum." Nova
Acta, torn. 24, suppl. & tom. 25, pars 1. Vratislaviae et
Bonnae, 1854-55, 4to. The Academy.

Calcutta : — Asiatic Society. Asiatic Researches, vol. 18. Cal-
cutta, 1833, 4to. The Society.

Charleston, S. C. : — Elliott Society of Natural History. Pro-
ceedings, No. 1. 1853, 8vo. The Society.

Cherbourg : — Societe Imp. des Sciences Naturelles. Memoires,
tom. 2. Cherbourg, 1854, Svo. The Society.

Dublin: — G-eological Society. Journal, vol. 7, parts 1 & 2.
Dublin, 1856, Svo. The Society,

Frankfort : — Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft.
AbhancUungen. band 1, lief. 2. Erankfort-a-M., 1855, 4to.
Schadel abnormen Forms, in geometrischen Abbildungen,
&c., von Dr. J. C. G. Luc». lb. 1855, fol. The Society,

Iviii ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEAEY.

Titles. Donors.

Academies and Societies (continued).

Geneva: — Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Natiirelle. Me-
moires, torn. 14, part. 1. Greneve,1855,4to. The Society.
Gottingen : — Konigl. Gesellschaft der "Wissenschaften.
Abhandlungen, band 6. Gottingen, 1856, 4to.
Nacliricliten, &c., vom Jalire 1855 (Nos. 1-18.). Ih. 8vo.

The Society.
Hobart Town : — Eoyal Society of Van Diemen's Land.

Papers and Proceedings, vol. 2, part 3. Hobart Town,

1854, 8vo.
Tasmanian Contributions to the Exhibition of Industry at
Paris, 1855, fol.
The Society, through Joseph Milligan, Esq. E.L.S.
Liege : — Societe des Sciences. Memoires, tome 10. Liege,
1855, 8vo. The Society.

London : —

British Museum, Catalogues of the Collections in.

List of the Specimens of Birds, part 4. London, 1856,12mo.
Catalogue of Shield Reptiles, part 1. Tb. 1855, 4to.
List of Lepidopterous Insects, parts 6 & 7. lb. 1855-56,

12mo.
Catalogue of Coleopterous Insects, part 8. Ih. 1855, 12mo.
Catalogue of the Crustacea, part 1. Ih. 1855, 12mo.
List of the Mollusca, part 1. Ih. 1855, 12mo.
List of the Specimens of British Animals, part 17. Ih.

1855, 12mo. The Trustees.
Entomological Society. Transactions. New Series, vol. 3,

parts 7 & 8. London, 1856, 8vo. The Society.

Exhibition of the "Works of Industry of All Nations, 1851.

Eirst Beport of the Commissioners. London, 1852.

William Matchwick, Esq.

Third ditto. Ih. 1856, 8vo. The Commissioners.

Geological Society. Quarterly Journal, nos. 45 & 46. London,

1856, 8vo. The Society.
Boyal Society.

Philosophical Transactions, part 2 for 1855. London, 1855,
4to.

Proceedings, vol. 7, nos. 16-20. Ih. 1856, 8vo.

List of the Members, Nov. 30, 1855, 4to. The Society.
Eoyal Agricultural Society. Joiirnal, vol. 16, part 2. Lon-
don, 1856, 8vo. The Society.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEART. lil

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies {continued).

Eoyal Asiatic Society. Journal, vol. 16, part 2. London,
1856, 8vo. The Society.

Royal Astronomical Society.

Memoirs, vol. 24. London, 1856, 4to.
Monthly Notices, vol. 15. Ih. 1855, 8vo. The Society.
Eoyal Greogi'aphical Society.

Journal, vol. 25. London, 1855, 8vo.
Proceedings, nos. 1-3. lb. 1856, 8vo. The Society.

Society of Arts. Journal, nos. 163-188. London, 1856, 8vo,

The Society.
Zoological Society.

Proceedings, nos. 296-298. London, 1855, 8vo.
Illustrations to ditto, for 1850-52, 8vo. The Society.

Madrid : — Eeal Academia de Ciencias.

Memorias. 3"^ serie. Ciencias Naturales, tomo 1, pte. 3.
Madrid, 1853, 4to.

I''* serie. Ciencias Exactas, tomo 1, pte. 1. Ih.

1853, 4to.
Eesvunen de las Actas, &c. Ih. 1851-53, 4to.

The Academy.
Munich : — Konigl. Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Abhandlimgen der mathem.-physikal. Classe, bd. 7, abth. 3.

Miinchen, 1855, 4to.
G-elehrte Anzeigen, bande 40 & 41. Ih. 1855, 4to.
Almanach fur das Jahr 1855. Ih. 8vo.
Verzeichniss von Yerlagsschriften der Akademie, 8vo.
Eeden gehalten von Pr. von Tliiersch, Nov. 28, 1854>
Marz 28, 1855, & Nov. 28, 1855. Miinchen, 1855,
4to.
Denkrede auf Dr. Thad. Siber & Dr. Gr. S. Ohm, vorge-
tragen am 28 Marz, 1855, von Dr. Lamont. Ih. 1855, 4to.
Ueber die Gliederimg der Bevolkerung des Konigreichs
Bayern, von Dr. von Hermann. Ih. 1855, 4to.

The Academy.
Neustadt a.-d.-H. : — PoDicliia (ein naturwissenschaftUche Vereia
derBayerischenPfalz.). Jahresberichte 12 & 13. Neu-
stadt a.-d.-H., 1854-55, 8vo. The Association.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne : — Tyneside Naturalists' Pield Club.

Transactions, vol. 2. part 4, and vol. 3, part 1. Newcastle,
1854-55, 8vo. The Club!

ix additions to the libraey.

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies {continued).
Paris: —

Societe Botanique. Bulletin, tome 1, nos. 2-7, tome 2,
nos. 1-11, and tome 3, no. 1. Paris, 1854-56, 8vo.

The Society.
Academie des Sciences de I'lnstitut de Prance. Comptes
rendas,tomes40&41. Paris, 1855, 4to. The Academy.
Philadelpliia : — Academy of Natural Sciences.

Journal, new series, vol. 2, part 4. PMadelphia, 1854, fol.
Proceedings, vol. 2, no. 2, vol. 6, nos. 7-12, and vol. 7, no. 1.
Ih. 1853-54, 8vo. The Academy.

Stettin : — Entomologischer Verein.

Entomologische Zeitung, jahrgang 16. Stettin, 1855, 8vo,
Linnsea Entomologica, band 10. Berlin, 1855, 8vo.

The Association.
Turin: — Eeale Accademia deUe Scienze. Memorie, Serie 2,
tomo 15. Torino, 1855, 4to. The Academy.

Yienna : —

Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften. Sitzungsbericlite,
Mathem.-naturw. Classe. Band 16, heft 2, and band 17,
heft 1-3. "Wien, 1855, 8vo. The Academy.

K. K. Geologische Eeichsanstalt,

Abhandlungen, band 2. "Wien, 1855, 4to.
Jahrbuch, jahrg. 6, nos.l & 2. J6. 1855, 8vo.The Institute.
"Wiirzburg : — Physicalisch-medicinische GeseUschaft. Verhand-
lungen, band 6, hefte 2 & 3. Wiirzburg, 1855-56, 8vo.

The Society.

Alder (J.) and Hancock (A.) Monograph of the British Nudi-
branchiate MoUusca, pts. 1-4. London, 1845-48, fol.

E. KippisT, Esq., Libr. L.S.

Backhouse (J. jun.) Monograph of the British Hieracia. York,
1856, 8vo. The Authoe,

BaUy (P.) Journal of a Tour in unsettled parts of North America
in 1796 & 1797. London, 1856, 8vo. Miss Baily.

Belcher (Sir E.) The last of the Arctic Voyages ; being a Nar-
rative of the Expedition in H.M.S. "Assistance," in search of
Sir John Pranklin, during the years 1852-54 ; -wath Notes on
the Natural History, by Sir J. Eichardson, Professor Owen, T.
BeU, J. W. Salter, and L. Eeeve. 2 vols. London, 1855, 8vo.
The Publishee, L. Eeeve, Esq., P.L.S.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBBAEY. Ixi

Titles. Donoks.

Bentley (E.) On a monstrosity of the Papaver bracteatmn, 1856,
8vo. The Authoe.

On tbe distinctive cliaracters of the roots of Aconittmi JVa-

pelliis and Gochlearia Armoracia. 1856, 8to. The Author,
Brewer (J. A.) New Mora of the Neighbourhood of Eeigate,
Siu-rey. London, 1856, 8vo. The Author.
Burchell (W. J.) Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa. 2
vols. London, 1822-24, 4to. The Author.
Dallas ("W. S.) Natural History of the Animal Kingdom. Lon-
don, 1856, 8vo. The Author.
Dana (J. D.) Second Supplement to his Mineralogy, 1856, 8vo.
Science and the Bible : a Review of " The Sis Days of Cre-
ation," by Prof. T. Lewis. Andover (Mass.), 1856, 8vo.

The Author.
Ferguson (W.) America, by River and Rail. London, 1856, 8vo.

The Author.
Hanley (S.) Ipsa Linnsei Conchylia : the Shells of Linnaeus, de-
termined from his MSS. and Collections. London, 1855, 8vo.

The Author.

Headland (F. W.) On poisoning by the root of Aconitum JVa-

pellus. London, 1856, 8vo. The Author.

Hooker (J. D.) Botany of the Antarctic Voyage : Division 3.

Flora of Tasmania ; parts 1 & 2. London, 1855-56, 4to.

The Author and Publisher.

Johnson (C.) and Sowerby (J. E.) Fern-AUies of Great Britain,

parts 3-6. London, 1856, 8vo. J. E. Sowebbt, Esq.

Johnston (Gr.) History of British Zoophytes. London, 1838, 8vo.

William Tabrell, Esq., V.P.L.S.

History of British Sponges and Lithophytes. Edinbiu'gh,

1842, 8vo. T. C. Janson, Esq., F.L.S.

Jones (T. R.) Notes on the Palaeozoic Bivalved Entomostraca.
no. 3. 1856, 8vo. The Author.

Journals : —

Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Parties Zoologique et Bota-

nique. 4eme serie, tome 4, nos. 1-5. Paris, 1855, 8vo.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 2nd series, nos. 97-
102. London, 1856, 8vo.

Richard Taylor, Esq., Under-Sec. L.S.
Botanical Magazine ; edited by Sir W. J. Hooker, K.H., F.R.S.
and L.S. 3rd series, nos. 133-138. London, 1856, 8vo.

Ixii ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

Titles. Donors.

Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany; edited by

Sir W. J. Hooker, K.H. &c. Nos. 84-89. London, 1856, 8vo.

The Publisher, L. Eeeve, Esq., F.L.S.

Linnfea ; lierausgegeben von D.F.L.von Sclilechtendal. Band 26,

heft 3, and band 27, heft. 2-4. HaUe, 1853-55, 8vo.

The Editor.

Literary GTazette, nos. 2033-2040, and New Series, nos. 1-18.

London, 1856, 4to. The Publisher, L. Eeeve, Esq., E.L.S.

Medical Independent, and Monthly Eeview of Medicine and

Surgery; by Drs. Groadby, Kane, and Eobinson, nos. 1-3,

Detroit, U.S., 1856, 8vo. Henry Goadby, M.D., E.L.S.

Nya Botaniska Notiser, nos. 9-12 for 1854, and nos. 1-12 for

1855. Utgifne af K. E. Thedenius. Stockholm, 1854-56, 8vo.

The Editor.

Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions ; edited by Jacob Bell,

Esq.,;E.L.S. Nos. 175-180. London, 1856, 8vo. The Editor.

Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 4th series,

nos. 69-74. London, 1856, 8vo.

EiCHARD Taylor, Esq., Under-Sec. L.S.
Phytologist : new series, nos. 9-14. London, 1856, 8vo.

The Publisher, W. Pamplin, Esq., A.L.S.
Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science ; by Edwin Lan-
kester, M.D., and George Busk, Esq. Nos. 14 & 15. Lon-
don, 1856, 8vo. The Microscopical Society.
Zoologist ; edited by Edward Newman, Esq., E.L.S. Nos. 159-
164. London, 1856, 8to. The Editor.
Kirby (Eev. W.) and Spence (W.) Introduction to Entomology.
7th edition. London, 1856, 8vo.

William Spence, Esq., E.E. &L,S.
Lindley (J.) Eolia Orchidacea, vol. 1. London, 1852-55, 8vo.

The Author.

Lowe (E. J.) Natural History of Eerns, British and Exotic, parts

1-14. London, 1855-56, 8vo. The Author.

Lucae (J. C. G.) Symmetria et Asymmetria Organorum Animali-

tatis ; imprimis Cranii. Marburgi, 1839, 4to. The Author.

Lyell (Sir C.) On the successive changes of the Temple of Serapis.

1856, 8vo. The Author.

Macarthur (Sir W.) and Moore (C.) Catalogue des Collections de

bois indigenes de la Colonie "New South Wales," Australia.

Paris (1855), 4to. William Matchwick, Esq.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEAEY. Ixiii

Titles. Donors.

Macgillivray (W.) Natural History of the Dee-side and Braemar ;

edited by Edwin Lankester, M.D., F.E.S. London, 1855, Svo.

H.E.H. Peince Albert, Hon.M.L.S.

Martineau (H.) Guide to tlie English Lakes ; with an account of
the Flowering Plants, Ferns, and Mosses of the district ; by
"W. Dickinson, F.L.S. Windermere (1855), Svo.

AViLLiAM DiCEi^'sox, Esq.

Martins (Ch.) Memoire sur la temperature des Oiseaux Palmi-
pedes du Xord de I'Eiu'ope. Montpellier, 1856, 4to.

The Authoe.

Martins (C. F. von) Beitrag zur Natur- und Literar-Geschichte
der Agaveen. Miinchen, 1855, 4to. The Authoe.

Tabulae "V egetationis in Brasilia physiognomiam illustrantes,

1856, fol. The Authoe.

Moore (T.) Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland (Nature-printed),
parts 10-15. London, 1856, fol. Henet Beadbuet, Esq.

Illustrations of Orchidaceous Plants, part 13. London, 1856,

Svo. The Authoe.

Miiller (F.) Export of his Journey to Omeo, 1854, | sheet ; and

Annual Eeport, as Government Botanist, for 1854. Mel-
bourne, 1855, fol. H.M. GOYEENMENT.

Planchon (J. E.) Des Hermodactes, an point de vue Botanique
et Pharmaceutique. Paris, 1856, 4to. The Authoe.

Eadlkofer (L.) Die Befruchtiuig der Phanerogamen. Leipzig,
1856, 4to. The Authoe.

Salter (T. B.) Monthly Lists (for Jan. Feb. and April, 1856) of
the plants flowering in the open air in Eyde and the neigh-
bourhood. The Authoe.

Shuttleworth (E. J.) Notitiae Malacologicae : oder, Beitrage zur
nahern Kenntniss der Mollusken. Heft 1. Bern, 1856, Svo.

The Authoe.

Smith (W.) SynojDsis of the British Diatomaceae, the plates by T,
AV^est. vol. 2. London, 1856, Svo. The Authoe.

South (Sir J.) Letter in reply to the Obituary Notice of the late
Eev. E. Sheepshanks. London, 1856, Svo. The Authoe.

YiUe (G.) Eecherches experimentales siu* la Vegetation. Paris,
1856, Svo. The Authoe.

Walker (F.) Insecta Saundersiana. Diptera, parts 2 & 5. Lon-
don, 1850-56, Svo. W. W. Saundees, Esq., F.L.S.

Insecta Britannica. Diptera. vol 3. Tb. 1856, Svo.

T. C. Janson, Esq., F.L.S.

Ixiv DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

Titles. Donoes.

Wrottesley (Lord) Address read at the Anniversary Meeting of
the Eoyal Society, Nov. 30, 1855. London, 1855, 8vo.

The Eotal Societt.
Yates (J.) Narrative of the Origin and Formation of the Inter-
national Association for obtaining a uniform Decimal System of
Measures, Weights, and Coins. 2nd edition. London, 1856,
gyQ The Author.

Anon. Correspondence relating to the Lancet Sanitary Commis-
sion ; with an appendix of documents. London, 1856, 8vo.

Dr. Hassall.

DONATIONS

TO THE

MUSEUM OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

[Continued from page xvi.]

Donations. Donoes.

Photographic Portraits of Thomas Bell, Esq., Pres.L.S. ; Eobert

Brown, Esq., V.P. ; Francis Boott, Esq., M.D,, Y.P. ; William

Yarrell, Esq., V.P. ; J. S. Bowerbank, Esq., F.L.S. ; and N. B.

Ward, Esq., F.L.S. Messrs. Maull and Poltblank.

Dried Specimens of Arctic Plants, collected by Dr. Eae.

Sir John Eichaedson, C.B., F.E. & L.S.
Dried Specimens of about 130 species of East Australian Plants,
collected by Dr. Ferdinand MiiUer. Dr. Mullee.

Cluster of the fruit of Alpinia Renealniia ? from Jamaica.

Gr, EoBEETS, Esq., through D. Hanbuet, Esq., F.L.S.
Specimens of the fruit of Paulownia imperialis, Sieb. & Zucc,
ripened during the last summer in the open air at Paris.

William Matchwick, Esq.
Specimen (in spirit) of Sphceria militaris, growing from the chry-
salis of an insect ; found by the Eev. C. A. Johns in June, 1855,
among dead leaves, in Buckleigh Vale, Devon.

Eev. C. A. Johns, B.A., F.L.S.

PROCEEDINGS

LINNEAN SOCIETY OE LONDON.

November 4th, 1856.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

The Meeting having been specially summoned for the Election
of a Member of Council and of a Treasurer in the place of "William
Tarrell, Esq., deceased, William Baird, Esq., M.D., was elected
into the Council, and Erancis Boott, Esq., M.D., was elected
Treasurer.

The President nominated AYilliam "Wilson Saunders, Esq., to be
a Vice-President, in the place of "William Yarrell, Esq., during the
remainder of the present year.

A Eesolution of the Council, of the 23rd of October, to the
following eifect, having been communicated to the Meeting, it was
unanimously resolved : " That on this, the first occasion of its
meeting since the death of the late Treasurer, William Tarrell,
Esq., the Society is desirous of entering on its IMinutes an
expression of the high sense which it entertains of the personal
qualities of that gentleman, of his extensive zoological attain-
ments, and of the services rendered by him to the Society during
a long period of Fellowship, and especially during the eight 3'ears
of his Treasurership ; as also of its deep regret at the loss of a
colleague so amiable and estimable, and so warmly attached to the
interests of the Society."

Amos Beardsley, Esq., was elected a Fellow.
xiNX. PEOC. a

11 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

Eead, first, a Paper "On some Eutomogenous SphcaricB ;'" by
the Eev. M. J. Berkeley, M.A., F.L.S. (See " Botauical Pro-
ceedings," vol. i. p. 157.)

Read, secondly, a "Note on Splicerobolus stellatus'," by the
Eev. Henry H. Higgius ; communicated by the President.

Eead, thirdly, a " Description of the Kobo-tree, a new genus of
Leguminosce, collected by Dr. W. P. Daniell, F.L.S,, in Sierra
Leone ;" by John J. Bennett, Esq., F.E.S., Sec. L.S. (See " Bo-
tanical Proceedings," vol. i. p. 149.)

November 18th, 185G.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair,

Read, first, an Extract from a Letter from the Eev. J. M. Eod-
well, communicated by Dr. Ilift", P.L.S., noticing the occurrence
of several rare Fungi in the neighbourhood of London, during the
present year.

Read, secondly, a " Description of a new species of Drapar-
naldia, from the New Eorest, Hampshire;" by John Braxted
Hicks, Esq., M.D., P.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. i.
p. 192.)

Read, thirdly, a Note "On the Palm-tree of Timbuctoo;" by
Berthold Seemann, Esq., Ph.D., F.L.S. (See "Botanical Pro-
ceedings," vol. i. p. 152.)

Read, fourthly, a " Notice of some Monstrosities in semi-double
flowers oi Saponaria officinalis, L. ;" by Maxwell T. Masters, Esq. ;
communicated by the Secretary. (See " Botanical Proceedings,"
vol. i. p. 159.)

December 2nd, 1856.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

John Ball, Esq., M.P. ; William B. Carpenter, Esq., M.D. ;
John Garland, Esq. ; R. S. Hill, Esq., and W. H. Holdsworth,
Esq., were elected Fellows.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ul

Eead, first, a Papei* " On a Xevv Form of Coryuoid Polypea ;"
by Philip Heiir^' Gosse, Esq., F.E.S., A.L.S. (See "'Trans-
actions," vol. xxii. p. 113.)

Read, secondly, a " Note on the African species of Copal ;" by
Thomas C. Archer, Esq. ; communicated by the President. (See
"Botanical Proceedings," vol. i. p. 151.)

Read, thirdly, a " Note respecting certain glandular Append-
ages of the leaves in the autumn rosettes of Epilohium monta-
num;''^ by Daniel Oliver, jun., Esq., E.L.S. (See "Botanical
Proceedings," vol. i. p. 190.)

Eead, foiirthlj', the commencement of a Memoir " On the Phae-
nomena of Torpidity and the production of fat ui Ilybernating
Animals ;" by Gr. Calvert HoUand, Esq., M.D. ; communicated by
the Secretary.

December 16th, 1856.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

The Eev. Charles Kingsley, A.M., and G. H. Kingsley, Esq.,
M.D., were elected Fellows.

Read, first, a Paper " On a species oi Piloholus ;" by Frederick
Currey, Esq., M.A., F.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. i.
p. 162.)

Read, secondly, the conclusion of Dr. Gr. Calvert Holland's
Memoir "On the Phaenomena of Torpidity," &c., commenced at
the last Meeting.

Read, thirdly, a " Note on the use of the Rhizoma of Pteris
aquilina, L., as an Article of Food ;" by the Rev. M J. Berkeley,
M.A., F.L.S, (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. i. p. 156.)

January 20th, 1857.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Major-General Edward Sabine, R.A. ; Charles Wentworth
Dilke, Esq. ; William Yeyndn Guise, Esq. ; WiUiam Henry

a2

IV PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

Harvey, Esq:, M.D. ; Andrew Sinclair, Esq., M.D., E.N. ; and
Gr. H. Polyblank, Esq., were elected Fellows.

Eead, first, a " Notice of the Meclianism of the Stomach of the
Crustacea ^^ by T. H Huxley, Esq., E.E.S. ; communicated by
Joseph Hooker, Esq., M.D., F.E.S., E.L.S.

Eead, secondly, a " Note on Spiranthes gemmipara-,^'' by Prof.
Lindley, E.E.S., F.L.S. (See "Botanical Proceedings," vol. i.
p. 168.)

Eead, thirdly, " Contributions to Indian Orchidology, No. I. ;"
by Prof. Lindley, F.E.S., F.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings,"
vol. i. p. 170.)

Eead, fourthly, a " Note on the Exhibition of Fungi in Cases ;"
by the Eev. H. H. Higgins ; communicated by N B. Ward, Esq.,
F.L.S.

February 3rd, 1857.

Francis Boott, Esq., M.D., V.P., in the Chair.

Alexander H. Haliday, Esq., M.A. ; John Eliot Howard, Esq. ;
and E. J. Lowe, Esq'., were elected Fellows.

Mr. Bentham, F.L.S., exhibited specimens of various kinds of
Jacaranda, or Eose-woods, sent from Eio Janeiro by Prof. Alemao,
and made some observations upon them.

Eead, first, a "Description of a new European species of
Faussus;^' by J. O. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S.

Eead, secondly, a " Description of a new species of Fulex (P.
Imperator, Westw.) found in a bedstead at G-ateshead ;" by J.
O. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S.

Eead, thirdly, a " Note on the Cultivation of Mosses ;" by the
Eev. H. H. Higgins ; communicated by N. B. Ward, Esq., F.L.S.
(See "Botanical Proceedings," vol. ii. p. 44.)

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. V

February 17th, 1857.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, iii the Chair.

Vaughan Henry Alexander Holberton, Esq., was elected a
FeUow.

Eead, first, a " Note on the so-called perforations of Bliynco-
nella;" by W. B. Carpenter, Esq., M.D., F.E.S., F.L.S.

Read, secondly, " Description of a new species of Euplectella
{E. Cmumer, Owen);" by Prof Owen, F.E.S., F.L.S. (See
"Transactions," vol. xsii. p. 117.)

Read, thirdly, the commencement of a Memoir " On the Cha-
racters, Principles of Division, and Primary Groups of the Class
Mammalia;" by Prof Owen, F.R.S., F.L.S. &c. (See "Zoolo-
gical Proceedings," vol. ii. p. 1.)

March 3rd, 1857.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Alfred Newton, Esq., M.A., and the Rev. Henry B. Tristram,
M.A., were elected Fellows.

Mr. Bentham, F.L.S., exhibited a specimen of Orchis pyrami-
dalis, L., in wliich every flower of the spike was entirely destitute
of spur ; and also a specimen of Cardamine hirsuta, L., transmitted
to him by Miss LlewelljTi of PenUergare, in which the leaves had
become proliferous. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. ii. p. 53.)

Read, first, a " Svnopsis of the genus Clitoria, L. ;" by George
Bentham, Esq., F.L.S. (See "Botanical Proceedings," vol. ii.
p. 33.)

Read, secondly, the fii'st of a series of Papers, entitled " Prje-
cursores ad Floi-am Indicam;" by J. D. Hooker, Esq., M.D.,
F.R.S., F.L.S., and T. Thomson, Esq., M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S. (See
"Botanical Proceedings," vol. ii. p. 1.)

Read, thirdly, a Note " On the Principles of Generic Nomen-
clature in Botany;" by George Bentham, Esq., F.L.S. (See
"Botanical Proceedings," vol. ii. p. 30.)

VI PEOCEEJ)IKGS or THE

March 17th, 1857.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Henry Barth, Esq., LL.D., and John Quekett, Esq., were
elected Eellows.

Eead, first, a " Notice of a new species of Strepsipterous In-
sect found on a Homopteroiis Insect sent from Borneo by Mr.
WaUace;" by J. O. Westwood, Esq., E.L.S.

Eead, secondly, a Memoir " On the Germination oi Barringtonia
and Careya ;" by Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., E.E.S., E.L.S.
(See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. ii. p. 47.)

Read, thirdly, a " Description of a new species of Naked-eyed
Medusa {Thaumantias achroa), mth histological details ;" by T.
S. Cobbold, Esq., M.D. ; communicated by the Secretary. (See
" Zoological Proceedings," vol, ii. p. 38.)

April 7th, 1857.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, ui the Chair.

John Edward Gray, Esq., Ph.D. ; T. S. Cobbold, Esq., M.D. ;
and Walter Eitch, Esq., were elected Fellows.

Eead, first, a *' Note on a singidar case of Colouring of the
Human Hair;" by William A. Guy, Esq., M.B. ; communicated
by the President. (See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. ii. p. 41.)

Eead, secondly, a Memoir " On the Dentition of the Salmonidce,
with Observations on the relation of Species to Genus or Natural
Family ;" by Eobert I^Jiox, Esq., M.D., F.E.S.E. ; communi-
cated by the Secretary,

Eead, thii-dly, "Notes on the Food of some Freshwater Fishes,
more particularly the Vendace and the Trout, of the Salmonidee ;"
by William Baird, Esq., M.D., F.L.S.

LINNEAN SOCLETi' OF LONDON, vii

April 21st, 1857.
Thomas Bell, Esq., Presideut, iu the Chair.

The Ibllovviug alteration iu the Bye-Laws, proposed by the
Council on the l7th of March, viz.

" That in Chapter XIII. Section 1, wherever the word

'Tuesday' occurs, the word 'Thursday' be substituted in its

place,"
having been hung up in the common Meeting-room of the
Society, and read by the President at the two last successive
General Meetings, was put to the ballot and confirmed by the
Fellows.

The effect of this alteration is to change the days of the
Society's Meetings from the first and third Tuesdays to the first
and thii'd Thursdays of the month.

Read, the conclusion of Pi*of. Owen's Memoir " On the Classi-
fication of the Mammalia,'''' commenced on the 17th of February.
(See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. ii. p. 1.)

May 5th, 1857.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

George David Pollock, Esq., was elected a Fellow, and Prof.
J. Van der Hoeven and Dr. Charles Frederic Meisner, Foreign
Members.

Read, first, a Memoir "On tAvo new Genera of Brazilian Plants;"
by George Bentham, Esq., F.L.S. (See "Transactions," vol. ii.
p. 125.)

Read, secondly, a Paper " On the Classification of the Warm-
blooded Vertebralia-;' by William M'Donald, Esq., M.D., F.L.S.

Read, thirdly, a "Note on some Suprasoriferous Ferns ;" by
Thomas Moore, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. ii.)

viii PEOCEEDiNas or the

May 25th, 1857.
Anniversary Meeting.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.
This day, the Anniversary of the birth of Linnaeus having fallen
on a Sunday, being the day appointed by the Charter for the
Election of Councd and Officers, the President opened the busi-
ness of the Meeting with the following Address : —

Gentlemen,
It will be reasonably expected that on an occasion so interesting
as tlie present, and so auspicious as regards the future prospects
of the Society, my annual Address to the Pellows shovdd have a
particular reference to the important change wliich has taken
place in our position, and that my very earliest expressions on
agaia meeting you should be those of pleasure and congratulation.
Kemoved as we now are finally, from a home, where, for thirty-
six years, we have met together as a Society, in the most friendly
and united spirit, joining in the promidgation of the truths of
nature, in the investigation of her phaenomena, and the establish-
ment of her laws, with a zeal which, I may unreservedly say, has
never overstepped the limits of a friendly rivalry, it is natural that
some feelings of regret should be experienced by at least the older
members of our body, at oiu* emigration from an abode associated
with so many pleasant reminiscences, and so much instruction in
our favourite pursuits, — that the place where many friendships
have been formed, and still more, in connexion with which many
ties of intimacy and affection have been broken by death, which
alone could have broken them, — where so many of us have found
their taste for natural science excited or developed, their doiibts
solved, or their ignorance dispelled by friendly intercourse, —
should be remembered vdtli feelings of attachment and regret, and
that our recollections should long hover round the pleasant haunts
where the love of nature has been fostered and its science culti-
vated, without any of those countervailing elements which too
often interfere with the peace and harmony which legitimately
belong to such pursuits.

But there are other considerations which may well counter-
balance any such reflections as these, and allowus to take possession
of our new abode, if not with unmixed, yet with prevailing thank-
fulness and gratification.

It will probably be in the recollection of some now present, that
upon the first occasion on which I ventured to break through the

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. IX

silence with which it waa previously the custom for the President
to meet the Fellows of the Society on their Anniversary, I took
occasion to remark, that " it may be useful as well as pleasant to
stand still, as it were, from time to time, and mark the improve-
ments which have attended our progress, and, in our ovm case
particularly, to watch the results of the influence which this Society
ought to exercise, and doubtless does exercise upon the advance-
ment and diffusion of natural knowledge ; " — and if such a distinct
recognition of our progress be desirable on ordinary occasions,
when we have only to mark the regular return of the season of
our official duties, it is still more interesting and incumbent upon
us to note any such important epoch in our associated existence,
as that which this day inaugiirates our establishment in a new and
more commodious domicile, and under circumstances far more
propitious in some respects than any which we have hitherto
enjoyed. I have therefore thought this a fitting occasion on
which to cast oiu* eyes back through the vista of our many years
of existence, and endeavour to gather from the retrospect some
elements of satisfaction at our past doings, of congratulation upon
our present condition, and of hope for om" future prospects.

It has been observed with much truth, by the amiable biographer
and widow of our fo\uider, that whilst " the literary institutions
and learned academies of Europe have generally owed their origin
and success either to large endowments, to royal favour, or to the
commanding influence of persons already known by their scientific
attainments or their station, — ^this Society is almost a solitary
example of an institution deriving its origin from an individual,
young and unkno^Ti to fame, vvdthout rank, without wealth, with-
out support, whose ardour in the pursuit of science led him to
risk the expectation of a moderate independence, by bringing into
his native country, at the expense of his patrimony, those rich
materials for which princes had contended, and upon which he
was to establish a new Society, and give to it its name, its cha-
racter, and direction*;" — for we learn from the same source of
information, that the establishment of this new Society had been
projected by Sir James Smith and several of his scientific friends,
with the view of rendering his possession of the cabinets and
library of Linnaeus subservient to the general use of the cultivators
of Natiu*al Science.

We owe then the foundation and present existence of the Lin-

* Memoirs and Correspondence of the late Sir J. E. Smith, edited by Lady
Smith, vol. i. p. 341.

X PSOCEEDINGS OF THE

nean Society to the tappy enthusiasm of a youthful naturalist,
who with a love of Natural History amounting to a passion, and
with a rare devotion of the mind to one great and absorbing object,
determined to effect the acquisition of a priceless treasure in the
collections I have alluded to, and which are now happily secured
Avithin these walls, and occupy the place of honour in a room well-
worthy of their reception, — our new and splendid library.

Tou are all doubtless well-aware of many of the cii'cumstances
connected with this remarkable result of combined resolution,
enthusiasm and tact ; but I shall be pardoned a moment's refer-
ence to that event as highly interesting in itself, and as the point
upon which, as I before observed, the institution of the Linnean
Society undoubtedly turned.

It was then at the close of the year 1783, when James Edward
Smith, still a student of medicine, was exactly twenty-four years of
age, and shortly after the death of the younger Linnaeus, that our
founder happened to be breakfasting with Sir Joseph Banks, then
President of the Eoyal Society, who informed him that he had re-
ceived from Dr. Acrel, the Professor of Medicine at TJpsal, the offer
of the whole of the collections and library of the great Linnseus
and of his son, — the Books, MSS., and Natural History, — for the.
sum of 1000 guineas. Sir Joseph stated that he should decline
the offer, but strongly recommended his young friend to become
the purchaser. In pursuance of this advice, which met a ready
response in hia own ardent inclination, he immediately entered
into negotiations for that object ; and after some correspondence
with his father, which does equal credit to the filial duty of the
son, and to the fond affection combined with careful prudence of
the parent, these negotiations were closed by the acceptance of
the sum of 900 guineas. It was not, however, without many risks
that the possession of this treasure was obtained, and nothing but
the straightforward promptness of the young aspirant could have
availed to secvu*e it. Besides other intended advances towards its
acquisition, Dr. Sibthorp relates in a letter to his more successful
competitor, that after the close of the actual contract, he had, in
ignorance of that fact, offered the full sum of 1000 guineas ; and
we gather from various parts of the correspondence which took place
upon this occasion, that even before the collections had arrived in
this country. Dr. Smith had received numerous overtures for the
piu-chase of the whole or portions of them, all of which he happily
declined. But the most remarkable event by which its acquisition
was jeopardized, was the attempt made by tiie king of Sweden

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XI

himself, Gustavus III., to prevent its expatriation. This monarch
had been absent in France, and on his return, finding that this
precious possession, as bright a jewel as any in his crown, was
actually on board ship, and on its way from his shores, to become
the property of a humble yomig foreigner, and to adorn the science
of another country, he sent in all haste a vessel to the Soimd, to
intercept its voyage. Happily for us he was too late. The good ship
had sailed, and the precious cargo was safely landed at owe Custom-
house in October 1784, ten months after the first ofier was made.

The possession of these important documents — for the specimens
themselves, as well as the literary portion of the collection, must
be considered in this light — soon attracted the attention of men of
science, both in this country and on the Continent, and drew from
many of the most distinguished naturalists of the day letters of
warm congratulation. Sir Joseph Banks, who had already evinced
a sincere friendship for the young naturalist, encouraged him in a
manner which must have been most gratifying to him. He became
a Fellow of the Royal Society, with the entire concurrence of the
President, in May of the following year.

It was now an object of great interest and importance to render
the collection as available as possible for the advantage of science,
by giving to naturalists free access to it for consultation and com-
parison. The young physician, after having made his well-knowTi
tour on the Continent, of which he has left a very pleasing pub-
lished account, and during which he received the most flattering
attention from all the eminent botanists of Europe, determined
after his return, with the concurrence and earnest cooperation of
many of his distinguished friends, to form a new Society for the
cultivation of Natural History, and to render more available for
general utility the treasures which he had lately obtained. In
pursuance of this object, the Linnean Society was formed, under
the auspices of his friend Sir Joseph Banks, the President of the
Eoyal Society, Dr. Groodenough, afterwards Bishop of Carlisle,
Mr. Marsham, and others. The first Meeting, which may be con-
sidered as initiatory, was held at the Marlborough Cofiee-house,
near Dr. Smith's own residence, on the 26th of February, 1788,
After this period we cease to find his name recorded at any of the
meetings of the Natural History Society, where he had often pre-
viously presided, and which did not long survive the institution of
its more effective and influential rival. At this meeting the onh^
persons present were the Founder, Dr. Goodenough, Mr. Dryander,
Mr. Dickson, Mr. Beckwith, and Mr. Swainson ; Dr. Smith was

XU PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

then elected President, Dr. Goodeuough Treasurer, and IMr. Mar-
sham Secretary. After two or three other preparatory meetings,
the first general meeting took place on the 8th of April in the
same year, when the new Society was inaugurated by an interesting
and learned discourse on the progress of Natural History by the
President. This treatise forms the first paper in the Transactions
of the Society, which however was not published imtil three years
afterwards. In the first printed list of the Society, we find the
names of almost all the English naturalists of any note at that
period. Sir Joseph Banlis was, \vith great propriety, elected an
honorary member, and contiaued so until his death ; and amongst
the Fellows we fiLad the names of Dryander and Goodenough, of
Mart}Ti of Cambridge, and Shaw and Lambert, and the Lathams,
of Pidteney, and Eelhan, and many others, who had then or have
since distinguished themselves in tlie cultivation of Natural Science.
In the list of Associates are the Indian Buchanan, Dr. Edward
AVTiitaker Gray of the British Museum, Professor Hope of Glas-
gow, Mark-«-ick the annotator of White's ' Selborne,' and the elder
Sowerby . And amongst the Foreign Members we have many of the
most illustrious names which then adorned the Natural History
science of Europe, — Afzelius, Allioni, Broussonet, Carolini, Des-
fontauies, Fontana, L'Heritier, Jussieu, the two Jacquins, Schu-
macher, Sparrmann, and Swartz, Targioni Tozzetti and Thunberg,
with many others ; — names, which show how rich was the foreign
list of the Society, even at that infancy of its existence.

It is not my object to enter further into the life of our revered
founder, than just to illustrate the progress of the Society, which
owed its existence, its rise, and its prosperity, to the zeal, know-
ledge, accomplishments, and other estimable qualities which distin-
guished him. Few men were more entirely respected and beloved ;
and I believe the Society owes its comparative immunity from un-
kindly discussion, to the temper and judgment invariably displayed
by him in its administration, which stamped upon it a character
which seems almost to have become an essential element in its
nature, and which I earnestly hope and believe it will never lose.

We have now then seen our Society fairly launclied on her pro-
mising voyage with all the advantages of a skilful commander, of
a wHliag and intelligent and hardworking crew, and under the
happiest auspices, both with respect to her origin and object. It
is not necessary that I should enter into au}^ minute details of the
Society's histoiy. It gradually increas^ed in fame, in usefidness,
and in numbers. Not only were most of the u-orlinr/ nattiralists

LIITNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XIU

of this country, one by one, enrolled in its list of members, but
many men of rank and social influence sought the fellowship of
the Society, and did themselves honour by the sanction which they
thus afforded to its progress.

The increasing numbers and importance of the Society iavolved
tlie necessity of its having a house and establishment of its own ;
and we find it located in Panton Sqiiare some time in or before
the year 1802, in a house which it occupied conjoiutly -with the
Westminster Library. At this period its charter was obtained,
and it took its permanent established rank amongst the then
few chartered institutions of the country. The construction
of the bye-laws followed, and the grant of arms from the Herald's
College completed its indiWduality. From Panton Square it was
removed to Grerard Street in the year 1805, where it continued
until, by the death of Sir Joseph Banks in 1820, the house which
-that excellent person had long inhabited became vacant, and was
in the following year taken by the Society, conjointly with your
late distinguished President, IMr. Brown. I have thus hastily
sketched the various changes of residence which the Linnean So-
ciety has made until the present time, and I will now recur for a
few moments to some other cii'cum stances which have marked its
progress. Sir James Smith, after a residence in and near London
of a few years, determined on returning to his native city of Nor-
wich, where he spent the remainder of his life. This, however,
did not prevent him from taking the same deep interest in the
welfare of an institution which he had founded, and which he had
seen so prosperous under his auspices and guardianship. He was
accustomed to spend two or three months in every year in London,
principally for the purpose of keeping up his connexion with it,
and the Fellows continued annually to renew his election as Pre-
sident, until his lamented death in the year 1828, after he had
held that ofl&ce from its foundation forty years before. The late
Earl of Derby, then Lord Stanley, succeeded him in the Chair,
and he was followed by the late Duke of Somerset ; on his retire-
ment, the amiable Bishop Stanley was elected President, and
retained the Chair imtil his death, when yoiu' happy choice fell on
the most distinguished botanist of his day, whose high scientific
attainments, extensive general knowledge, and combined wisdom
and kindness of heart, at once secured to him the deep respect
and affection of all who have ever kno^vn him, and reflected honoiu*
upon the Society which had chosen him for their President.
After the decease of Sir James Smith, the whole of the Linnean

XIV PROCEEDINGS OF TUB

Collection (with the exception of the minerals), which he had more
than forty years before obtained under the circumstances which I
have hastily detailed, together with his own valuable additions to
it both in books and specimens, were purchased by this Society,
and now constitutes its richest possession. At the last Anni-
versary I had the pleasure of reading to you a report of the Com-
mittee appointed by your Council to consider and report upon the
state of these Collections, and announced the gratifying fact that
they were upon the whole in excellent condition. The recom-
mendation of that Committee will now be fully carried out, by the
separation and arrangement of the actual Linnean books and spe-
cimens, in such a manner as to render them most readily available
for consultation.

And now. Gentlemen, it behoves me to pause for a moment, and
ask, what has the Society done during the seventy years of its
existence ? What are the records of its progress, and what the
results of its labours ? For a reply to this question, I will refer
you to the history of Natural Science throughout the world for
those seventy years. I will point to the twenty -two volumes of
our Transactions, which are to be found, worn by the hands of the
students of Natural History, on the shelves of every important sci-
entific library in Europe, I may say in the civilized world. I will
refer you to the list of our Members, home and foreign, and to the
respect in which the Society is held by scientific naturalists in
every quarter of the globe. Grentlemen, this is not a vain-glorious
boast. It is the simple assertion of a truth, which may be enun-
ciated from this chair with honest satisfaction, in the full con-
sciousness that it will be responded to by every one that hears me.
What, then, must be the responsibilities of the successors of those
who have in past times set so illustrious an example ? I have no
fear that the character of the Society or its usefulness will suffer,
whilst I find the places of those who are gone filled up by a
younger race of naturalists, their equals in intelligence, in zeal,
and in honesty and truthfulness of purpose.

Having thus taken a very hurried review of the Society's rise
and growth, which I fear must have inflicted on many of you the
tsedium of an oft-told tale, I will, with as much brevity as possible,
record the circumstances, most interesting to you, which have
occurred since our last Anniversary Meeting. I took leave of you
then with the announcement, that only on the previous evening
had it been satisfactorily determined that the Linnean Society was
to have the privilege of occupying rooms in Burlington House,

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XV

and thus be recognized by the Government as deserving of being
located in a government building. Shortly after that time a
meeting of the Eoyal Society was held, at which the President of
that body stated to the Fellows what steps had been taken with
reference to the location of the Societies in this building, and he
then publicly asked the President of the Chemical Society, Pro-
fessor Miller, and myself as your representative, whether the two
Societies would be satisfied with the accommodation then offered
them. That accommodation appeared to us to be very liberal, and
such as would amply satisfy our needs, and we both expressed our
cordial assent to the arrangement. I will now detail to you in
what it consists. The entrance-hall is common propert}^ ; on the
ground floor we have two front rooms on the east side of the Hall,
the first of which contains our principal botanical collections, and
the second, which will also be our CouncH-room, has the New Hol-
land birds and other animals which were arranged round the walls
of the Council-room in Soho Square. This room vdll also be used
for the meetings of the Council of the Chemical Society, to whom it
had been originally assigned, but who gave it up to us with this un-
derstanding. On the priucipal floor we have the room in which we
are now assembled, as our ordinary meeting-room, and the great
Ball-room, now appropriated to oiu' library. The whole of the
second floor is also allotted to us, consistiug of eight commodious
rooms. Of these three are devoted to our Librarian, and three to
the Porter. One large room will contain such parts of the Col-
lection as are least frequently used, and the other a certain portion
of the stock of the Transactions. There are also very extensive
dry lofts, which form excellent store-rooms. The north end of the
library is set apart for the Limiean Collections, — the Herbarium
being arranged on one side, the zoological specimens on the other,
and the books partly on each side. The great Hall, forming the
west building, is also at the service of the Society if it should ever
be required. The Committee, to whom the Council entrusted the
whole arrangements of the removal, have been most anxious and
careful to accommodate the Pellows, and to facilitate their use of
the library and collections, and I believe I may with confidence
anticipate that their labours wUl prove perfectly satisfactory. It
will readily be believed that the removal of so large an establish-,
ment, and our location in a new and very difterently arranged
abode, would be attended with great expense. It became necessary
to appeal to the Pellows for their assistance and cooperation.
That appeal has been met in a spu'it of ready liberality; and a

Xvi PEOCEEDIISrGS OF THE

purely voluntary subscription, to the amount of very nearly £1100,
attests the sincere interest which the Fellows at large take in the
well-being of the Society, and their appreciation of our present
change. I have to add to this notice of our new arrangements,
that as the whole of the libraries of the three Societies located
here are now accessible to the members of each, the Eoyal Society
liave spontaneously caused their fine collection of books in natural
history to be placed, for the greater convenience of naturalists, in
that part of their library which is contiguous to our own.

You have been called upon during this Session to confirm an
alteration in the bye-laws, the effect of which will be to enable
this Society to hold its ordinary meetings on the same night as
the Eoyal Society. The Chemical Society has adopted a similar
arrangement. "When this plan was first proposed, I felt very
strongly the obvious objection, that when any paper interesting to
the naturalist should be read at the Eoyal Society on the evening
of our meeting, it would be impossible for any one of our body to
be present without deserting his own party, and possibly losing
some interesting communication here. On my pressing this diffi-
cvdty on Lord AVrottesley, with whom, as President, the arrange-
ment of the reading of the papers at the Eoyal Society rests, he
assured me in the kindest manner, that, as far as practicable, the
reading of such papers should take place on those evenings on
which the Linnean Society do not meet. The new arrangement,
which will not take place until the next Session, will enable the
Fellows of the three societies and their visitors to assemble, after
the business is over, at tea ; and thus a pleasant conversazione may
be anticipated on every evening of these simultaneous meetings.

A second year has now elapsed since I announced the resolution
of the Council to issue the " Journal of our Proceedings." To a
great extent this plan appears to have succeeded weU ; and
although the sale of the separate parts out of the Society has not
been considerable, yet the value of its contents, the regularity of
its appearance, and the fact of its being sent to the PeUows with-
out any trouble or expense on their part, has caused universal
satisfaction. It is particularly gratifying to find, that notwith-
standing the considerable expense of the publication, our increased
prosperity has enabled us to meet it ; and I doubt not that this
prosperity is in a measure due to the obvious value and attraction
of the publication itself. There is one drawback, however, on the
advantages of the Journal, to which I allude with great regret,
as it indicates in its cause a still more important defect ; — I refer

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LOXDOX. XVli

to the disparity uliioh exists between the zoological and botanical
portions of it. A great possible difficulty, which I could not but
foresee in the separate paging and sale of the two parts, has thus
become reahzed ; and it appears to me not impossible that it may
hereafter be necessary to consider carefully whether it may be
desirable to continue the present separable form. The deficiency
to which I have alluded in the number and importance of the
zoological papers communicated to the Society, leads me to make
a few remarks on the probable causes which may have led to it ;
and I think it is not difficult to trace it to the numerous minor
societies which cultivate, in one form or other, this department
of natural liistory, and thus draw away from the parent Society
numerous papers of various degrees of merit, which would other-
wise have found their place at our meetings, and many of which
might haA'e worthily occupied the pages of our two publications.
I am weU-a\\-are of the great importance of a healthful diA"isiou of
labour. I do not in any respect depreciate the value of the labours
of other societies ; but I do believe that science would be pijB^ioted
by a greater concentration of the talent and research which are
now diverted into so many channels, increasing thus the difficulties
of the student, by unnecessarily midtipl^dng the sources from which Q/t'/l
he must draw his information. In the case of the Zoological "^

Society we have an example, in Avhich the A'ery steps which were .
taken to efiect a particular object, have become the means of frw^v^O/S
trating it, and have increased the defect which it was intended to
obviate. The Zoological Club of the Linnean Society was insti-
tuted in tlie year 1822, and was composed exclusively of Fellows
of the Linnean Society. Its objects were to encoiu-age the pre-
sentation of papers on zoological subjects, and to promulgate
those systematic views which at that time were prevailing, under
the influence of MacLeay and Yigors and Swainson and others.
The primary and ostensible object, however, was the encourage-
ment of the zoological element in the Linnean Society. After
having existed and done good work for about seven years, a Special
Meeting was called to dissolve the Club, and it became transferred
to the Zoological Society, and formed its scientific department,
from which has emanated so great a mass of zoological information
of the highest character. I do not wish now to dwell upon this
fact, but I am fully justified in saying that the diversion of so
much important matter from this Society has undoubtedly been
one principal cause of the obvious declension of our zoological
element. The recent resolution of the Council of the Zoological

LIIf>". PEOC. b

XVm PROCEEDINaS OF THE

Society to discontinue, fi-om the present time, the publication of
their quarto Transactions, will in all probability restore to us a
portion of our lost prestige : and I cannot qiut this subject with-
out pointing with particular pleasure to the paper by Professor
Owen, lately read at our Meetings, which I unhesitatingly pro-
nounce to be one of the most complete and profoundly philoso-
phical examples of zoological generalization it has for a long time
been my lot to listen to. The importance and interest attaching
to this essay made me anxious to present you with an abstract of
its reasoning, but my time will only allow me to give a very hasty
sketch of the principal positions taken by the author.

With respect to the first part of the paper on the characters of the
Mammalia, its vakie chiefly consists in the additions to those usually
given in zoological works, and they evince the same laborious and
long-continued research as characterizes aU Professor Owen's pro-
ductions. His own views are based upon the constancy of certain
modifications of the brain in certain proportions in the class
Mammalia, and on the importance of those cerebral characters.
The first of these, discovered by the author many years since in
the brain of the kangaroo, and since ascertained by him to be
common to the Mai'supialia and Monotremata, is the absence of
the supra-ventricidar part of the corpus callosum, and the reduction
of the commissural part of the hemispheres to the anterior com-
missure and fornix. With this is associated the non-development
of the placenta, the premature birth of the ofi'spring, the presence
of marsupial bones and other characters. To this primary divdsion
or subclass, the lowest in its organization, the author gives the
name Lyencephctla. The second stage in the cerebral development
consists in the presence of the corpus callosum, but connecting
hemispheres as little advanced in bulk and external character as in
the former. The animals thus characterized are termed Lissence-
pjiala, which include the orders Hodentia, Insectivora, Cheiroptera,
and Bruta. In the third subclass, the Gyrencepliala, the cerebrum
extends over more or less of the cerebellum and olfactory lobes,
and the superficies is ordinarily convoluted ; and in this subclass
are placed the orders Cetacea, Sirenia, Toxodontia, Proboscidea,
Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, Carnivora, and Quadrumana. But
the most important application of the cerebral characters is that
by which man is raised, by the present classification, above the
rest of the mammalia, not merely as a distinct order, but as the
type of a subclass. " Not only," says the author, " do the cerebral
hemispheres overlap the olfactory lobes and cerebellum, but they

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. xix

extend in advance of the one and farther back than the other ;
this development produces a third lobe, which with some other
additional parts is peculiar to the genus Homo, and is common to
the lowest as to the highest varieties of the species." The name
whicli Professor Owen proposes for this highest form is Archen-
cephala. The author next enters into the subdivision of the four
primary divisions of the class. In this portion of tlie paper, the
necessary association of the order Bruta with the Cheiroptera,
Insectivora, and Rodentia in the same subclass Lissencephala, and
the removal of the Quadrumana to the Gyrencephala, from their
supposed association with the former subclass, are supported with
great acumen ; and some of the characters from which the first-
named assumed affinities are taken, shown to be fallacious.

These and many other impoi'tant Adews of classification, and
the enunciation of doctrines of aflinity, which are no less pro-
found than they are novel, will undoubtedly attract the attention
they deserve. Into the detail of these I regret that my time
will not allow me now to foUow Prof. Owen ; nor into the very
interesting and extended views which he promulgates on the suc-
cessive development of tlie various mammalian types in the earlier
periods of creation. The whole of this valuable communication
will well repay the most careful and serious study ; and I the less
regret that it is not now in my power to make its principles
knoMTi in greater detail, as the paper itself will be immediately
before the world in the next part of the Proceedings.

In connexion with the subject of our Zoological Proceedings, I
have the great satisfaction to state, that a distinguished zoologist
and physiologist has kindly allowed himself to be put in nomi-
nation under the designation of Under Secretary. Professor Busk' s
election to that nominal office will be of great value to the Society,
by affording us the constant services of a Zoological Secretary ;
whilst it will be the means of relieving our invaluable friend Mr.
Bennett of a portion of that incessant labour which he has now
for so many years so kindly, so cheerfully, and with so much zeal
and intelligence and wisdom, performed for us.

The past year has been distinguished by remarkable prosperity.
Our ranks have been augmented by the accession of an almost un-
precedented number of new Members, some of them ardent yoimg
natvu'alists, to whom we may look with confidence to fill worthily
the places of those who are year by year passing away, and others
whose labours have for many years advanced the science, the lite-
rature, and the social improvement of our country in various de-
partments of knowledge.

&2

XX phoceedings or the

It has been most gratifying to me personally, and I am confident
you Lave all participated in the feeling, to hail the return amongst
us of one who was formerly associated ^dth us, but whose im-
portant and extensive labours in physics have called his attention
away, for many years, from those studies which are more parti-
cularly oiu's. The close connexion of General Sabine with the
E,oyal Society, of which he occupies an office next to the highest,
and the great and deserved influence he possesses in its councils,
have been of especial value in bringing about that closer connexion
which now exists between us.

I cannot refer to the appearance of the last part of our Trans-
actions without the utterance of a grateful recognition of an
unprecedented act of liberality on the part of one of our most
zealous and distinguished Fellows, The exquisite illustrations of
Dr. Hooker's elaborate paper on the BalanopJiorece, the expense
of which amounts, as you will see by the financial statement, to
nearly £90, are presented to the Society by the joint liberality of
the author and his friend and coadjutor in so many meritorious
works. Dr. Thomson of Calcutta. The close alliance and friend-
ship of two such kindred minds, shown in their joint endurance of
the perils and hardship of travel, no less than in their combined
services in the cause of their favourite science, forms a most inter-
esting example of the influence of the study of nature in awakening
and perpetuating the kindliest and most harmonizing principles of
the human mind. Of the paper itself, I cannot of course oflier
any opinion of my own. I understand that it is one of the greatest
interest, and I know it is the result of long and profound research.
Amongst the points upon which Dr. Hooker particularly dwells,
and which, if confirmed, are of the most importance, are the ex-
planation of the anomalous vascular system, and the reduction of
this to the exogenous type, — the history of the mode of parasitism
in these remarkable plants — the discovery of an embryo in several
species — the view taken of the ovule as reduced to an embryonal
sac — the proof of the close resemblance between the Balanophot'ece
and Gunnera, and tracing the variations of the species and their
immense geographical distribution in both longitude and latitude.
Some of these points are, I understand, the subject of controversy,
and the proof is considered a matter of much importance both to
the physiological and systematic botanist.

On a comparison of our present condition with that of the last
anniversary, I may on almost all points offer the Society un-
mingled congratidations. The accession of no less than thirty-one
Fellows, the favourable aspect of our financial account, in which

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXI

we find a balance in onr favour increased by a considerable sum,
in addition to a decrease of our bonded debt to the amount of
£200, our association with our great progenitor the Royal Society,
and with another scientific body, with greatly increased accom-
modation, and the prospect of immunity from rent, — these are all
subjects for thankful reflection. But the retrospect of any past
year is necessarily of a mixed character ; it has its dark as well as
its bright aspect ; — and in so large a body as ours, we cannot hope
to meet, on the return of our anniversary, without having to look
back on the loss of many whom we can ill spare from amongst us.
Of the fifteen of our Fellows who have been removed from us by
death since our last annual record, there is one, honoured and
beloved, whom I cannot, in justice to my own feelings and yours,
pass over without a humble but sincere and loving tribute of
aflfectionate regret. INIr. Bennett will doubtless give you, in his
OAvn effective and feeling language, a brief account of the life of"
our deeply-lamented friend IVIr. Tarrell. It is sufficient for me
to speak of him as my own warm-hearted and constant friend of
more than thirty years, — as the earnest and zealovis Fellow and
Treasurer of this Society, — as the truthfid and acute and ac-
curate student and historian of mature, and as one of the most
kindly, sincere, single-minded and simple-hearted men that ever
lived.

OBITUARY NOTICES.

The Secretary read the following notices of deceased Fellows :—

Thomas Wortliingtoii Barlow, JEsq., was a native of Cheshire,
and became a student of Gray's Inn. He was admitted to the
bar, and was for some time settled in Manchester, but a year or
two since he proceeded to Sierra Leone in the capacity of Queen's
Advocate, and died at Freetown, in that colony, on the 10th of
August last, at the early age of 33. Natural History, together
Avith the literary history of his native county, early attracted his
attention ; and he published in 1847, in a large tabular form, " A
Chart of British Ornithology, adapted to popidar use, and dedi-
cated to his Fellow-Members of the Wernerian Club." In the
following year he became a FelloAV of the Linnean Society, and in
1852, he printed, under the title of "The Mystic Number, a
glance at the System of Nature," the substance of a lecture
which he had delivered some years previously, and in which

XXU PEOCEEDINGS OF TUE

he adopted and maintained the circular and numerical system of
MacLeay, as modified by Swainson. He also commenced the
publication of a work entitled " Cheshire ; its Historical and Lite-
rary Associations, illustrated in a series of Biographical Sketches,"
8vo, [Manchester, 1852 ; but these sketches were not continued
beyond a few remarkable names, oecun-ing under the letter B.

The Bev. John Branshy, M.A., was educated at St. John's
College, Cambridge, where he took his Bachelor's degree in 1805,
and that of Master of Ai*ts in 1808. For many years he was curate
of the parish of Stoke Newington, and in 1845 he became rector of
Testerton, in the county of IS'orfolk. In 1814 he Avas elected a
Fellow of the Linnean Society ; and he was also a Fellow of the
Society of Antiquaries, of the G-eological Society, and of the Cam-
bridge Philosophical Society. He died at King's Lynn, after a short
illness, on the 5th of March of the present year, at the age of 74.

Walter Buchanan, Esq., well known to most of our older
Members by his former frequent attendance at our Meetings, was
originally engaged in mercantile pursuits, but had for some years
past retired from business. He was latterly an active magistrate
of the eoimty of INIiddlesex, and took a prominent part in the
management of the Comity Lunatic Asylum at HanAvell. He
became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1817, and was likewise
a Fellow of the Horticidtural Society. His death occurred at his
residence in Sussex Terrace, Hyde Park, on the 9th of November
last, in the 70th year of his age.

The Very Bev. William BucUand, B.B., F.B.S., F.G.S., ^c,
Dean of Westminster, was bom at Asminster, in the comity
of Devon, in the year 1784. He was educated first at Tiverton
School, and Avas afterwards, in 1798, removed to St. Mary's Col-
lege, Winchester ; thence he passed, in 1801, to a scholarship in
Corpus Christi College, Oxford, of which in 1808 he became a
Fellow. His degree of B.A. Avas taken in 1803. His taste for
the study of geology was manifested at a very early age : Avhile
yet a child his attention had been directed to the " Comua Am-
monis," found in the rocks aroimd his home; at Winchester he
collected the fossils of the chalk ; and during his early residence
at Oxford, those of the oolite. From 1808 to 1812 he made fre-
quent excursions on horseback to various parts of England, Scot-
land, L-eland, and Wales, collecting sections of the strata and
specimens of their organic contents. In 1813, on the resignation
of Dr. Kidd, he was appointed Eeader of Mineralogy in the Uni-
versity of Oxford, to which, in 1818, Avas added the Eeadership of

LINJSEAN SOCIETY OP LONDON. XXIU

Geology, then first established by the Grovernmeiit iu accordance
with his strenuous recommendations. His lectures on both these
subjects, but especially on geology, attracted in a high degree the
attention and admiration of the University, and speedily obtained
for him a position among the most eminent and active of the
inquirers into the physical history of the earth. His Introductory
Lecture, as Eeader of Greology, was published in 1820, under the
title of " Vindicise Greologise, or the Connexion of Geology with
Religion Explained"; and his first important paper "On the
Coasts of the North of Ireland," written in conjunction with the
Rev. W. D. Conybeare, was published in the third volume of the
Transactions of the Geological Society.' His reputation as a geo-
logist was, however, still more completely established by his " Ac-
covmt of an Assemblage of Possil Teeth and Bones of the Elephant,
Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus, Bear, Tiger, Hyaena, &c., discovered
in a cave at Kirkdale, Yorkshire," which was printed in the ' Philo-
sophical Tranactions ' for 1822, and was in the same year rewarded
with the Copley Medal. This celebrated paper, enlarged and
published separately in 1823, under the title of " Reliquiae Dilu-
vianae," forms an important epoch in the history of geological
science. It is needless to particularize the titles of his numerous
memoirs which succeeded each other in rapid succession in the
' Transactions ' and ' Proceedings ' of the Geological Society, in
the ' Annals of Philosophy,' tlie ' Philosophical Magazine,' the
' Edinburgh Philosophical Journal,' the ' Reports of the British
Association,' &c. The list of his publications in the ' Bibliographia
Zoologise et Geologiae' of the Ray Society amounts to sixty-seven.
It would be improper, however, to omit noticing here his sole
contribution to our own ' Transactions,' a paper " On the Adap-
tation of the Structure of the Sloths to their peculiar mode of life,"
printed in our seventeenth volume ; and his Bridgewater Treatise,
entitled " Geology and Mineralogy considered, in reference to
Natural Theology," 2 vols. 8vo. 1836, a work distinguished at
once for the multitude of facts brought to bear upon its siibject,
and for the attractive manner in which they are placed before the
reader. Dr. Buckland became a Fellow of the Geological Society
in 1813, of the Royal Society in 1818, of the Linnean Society in
1821, and received diplomas from a great number of scientific
societies both at home and abroad, among which was that of a
Correspondent of the Academy of Sciences of the Institute of
France. He Avas elected President of the Geological Society in
1824, and again in 1840 ; and was also President of the British

XIIV PROCEEDINGS OF T1[E

Associatiou, at their second meeting at Oxford in 1832. In 1825
he received a valuable acknowledgment of his established merit in
the gift of a Canoury of Christehurch, and in 1845 was nominated
by Sir Eobert Peel to the Deanery of AVestminster. He was
elected a Trustee of the British Museum in 1847, and took an ac-
tive part in the establishment of the Museum of Practical Geology,
under the direction of his old and valued friend Sir H. T. De la
Beche. Prom Sir Henry's hands, as President of the Geological
Society, he received, m 1848, the AVollaston Medal; and soon
after closed his long series of geological honours. In the year
1850 his mind ceased to occupy itself \vith those studies which had
previously formed his favourite pursuit ; and he died on the 15th of
August last, at the age of 72. Few men have contributed so largely
to the progress of geology as Dr. Buckland. Careless of originating
new views in relation to its theoretical aspects, his whole life was
devoted to the collection of a rich store of materials for its ad-
vancement as a science of facts. A large portion of his time was
spent in travelling over the British Islands and on the continent
of Europe, forming everj^where important collections, which he
subsequently placed in the Oxford Museum, now, through his
exertions, so deservedly celebrated as among the first of geo-
logical collections. His unwearied spii'it of research, the fertility
of his genius in the formation of new and unexpected combina-
tions, the peculiar feKcity of his illustrations, and the genial
character of his eloquence, all combined to render his writings, his
lectures, and the part Avhich he took in discussions at the Geolo-
gical Society and elsewhere, both weighty and attractive ; while
the warmth of his heart and the steadiness of his friendship pecu-
liarly endeared him to his more intimate connexions. Among the
many great names in geology which have departed from among us
within the last few years, none has acquired a more widely-
extended fame or been attended by more grateful recollections.

Sir William Ogle Car?; Knt., Chief-Justice of the Supreme
Court at Ceylon, was the third son of William Francis Carr, Esq.,
of Frognal, Hampstead. He became a student of Gray's Inn in
1820, and was called to the bar in 1826. After practising for
some time in England, he went to Ceylon, where he was admitted
Queen's Advocate, and in 1839 was appointed second puisne
Judge. In 1854 he became Chief-Justice, and was at the same
time created a knight. Sir "William O. Carr was married to Miss
Clement, daughter of Col. John A. Clement, E.A. ; and was just
on the pomt of returning to England to enjoy the repose which

LINNEAN SOCIETY OE LONDON. XXV

his long services iu India had merited, when he was carried off
almost suddenly, and died at his residence. Uplands, in the neigh-
bourhood of Colombo, on the 24th day of April, 1856, at the age
of 53. He became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1830.

Sir Alexander Crichton, 3LD., F.R.S., a medical practitioner
of considerable eminence, and one of the oldest Fellows of the
Linnean Society, was the second son of IMr. Alexander Crichton, of
Woodhouselee and Newington, in the county of Mid-Lothian,
and was born at Edinburgh on the 2nd of December, 1763. After
completing his school education in his native town, he was appren-
ticed to Mr. Wood, an eminent surgeon in that city. At the
expiration of his apprenticeship, having first matriculated in the
university, he proceeded, in 1784, to London, and in the following
year to Leyden, where he obtained liis degree of M.D. From
Leyden he went to Paris, which he quitted in the summer of 1786,
and extended his tour of instruction into Germany, visiting suc-
cessively, during a period of three years, the schools of Stuttgard,
Vienna, Halle, Berlin, and Gottingen. In 1789 he established him-
self as a surgeon in London, and became a Member of tlie Royal
CoDege of Surgeons ; but disliking the operative part of the profes-
sion, he wdthdrew from that body in 1791 and became a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians. In the following year he published
a translation of Blumeubach's " Essay on Generation " ; and being
appointed, about 1796, one of the Physicians of the "Westminster
Hospital, he delivered in that institution the lectures on che-
mistry, materia medica, and the practice of physic. In 1798 he
published " An Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Mental
Derangement," in 2 vols. 8vo, which added to the high rei^utation
he had acquired both at home and abroad as a skilful practitioner,
and assisted in introducing him into high professional practice.
In 1803 he was invited to become Physician in Ordinary to the
Emperor of Russia ; and a few years afterwards was appointed
Chief of the Civil Medical Department. For his various im-
portant services he received several Russian Orders, as well as the
second class of the Prussian Order of the Red Eagle, w^hich, on his
receiving the honour of knighthood from King George IV. in
1821, he obtained permission to wear. Besides the works above
mentioned. Sir Alexander Crichton was author of two separate
publications on the Cure of Pulmonary Consumption, and of a
work entitled " Commentaries on some Doctrines of a dangerous
tendency in IMedicine, and on the General Principles of Safe
Practice," 1842. While in Russia, he edited, in conjunction with

XXVI PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

Eehmann and Burdach, a periodical work entitled " Eussische
Sammlungen fiir Naturwissenschaften und Heilkunst," of wliich
two volumes appeared, at Riga and Leipsig, 1815-1818 : and
after his return to England, lie published, in the Annals of Philo-
sophy, a paper " On the Climate of the Antediluvian World, and
its Independence of Solar Influence ; and on the Formation of
Grranite " ; and communicated to the Geological Society, memoirs
" On some Fossil Shells from Langton Green near Tunbridge-
WeUs " ; " On some Vegetable Remains found in the Sandstone
which underlies the lowest bed of the Carboniferous Limestone
near Ballisadiere, in the county of Sligo, Ireland " ; and " On some
parts of the Taunus and other Mountains in the Duchy of Nassau,"
which are published in the Transactions and Proceedings of that So-
ciety. He printed also at St. Petersburg, in 1807, an " Extract of a
Letter on a Mammoth preserved in Ice, from Dr. Crichton to Dr.
Babington." Sir Alexander Crichton was elected into the Linnean
Society in the year 1793, and had consequently been a Fellow for
nearly sixty-three years at the time of his death, which took place
in June last, in the 93rd year of his age. In the year 1800 he
became a Fellow of the Royal Society, and he was also a Fellow
of the Geological Society, a Member of the Imperial Academy of
Sciences at St, Petersburg, and of the Natural History Society
of Moscow, a Corresponding Member of tlie Royal Society of
Sciences at Gottingen, of the Academy of Medicine at Paris, and
of many other societies. In the year 1800, hje married Frances,
daughter of Mr. Edward Dodwell, of East Moulsey, who survived
him only for about six months, and by whom he has left one son
and several daughters.

The Might Son. William Henry Dawnay, seventh Viscount Downe
in the Peerage of Ireland, and a Baronet of England, was born on
the 15th of May, 1812, and educated at Christchurch, Oxford,
where he graduated as B.A. in 1833, and as M.A. in 1837. He
was elected in 1841 one of the representatives of the county of
Rutland, and continued to occupy his seat in the House of Com-
mons until 1846, when, on the death of his father, he succeeded
to the family honours. From this time he occupied himself
chiefly in superintending and contributing to a variety of bene-
volent objects ; such as founding new chiu-ches, rebuilding those
which had fallen into decay, adding to the endowments of poor
livings, building parsonages, erecting schools, and improving the
comforts of the labourers on his extensive estates by rendering
their cottages healthful and commodious. His lordship became a

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXVU

Fellow of the Linneau Society iu 1841, and died at Torquay, to
which place he had some time since retired, on account of his
declining health, on the 26th of January in the present year, and
in the 45th year of his age.

Francis King Eagle, Esq., was the second son of Eobert Eagle,
Esq., of Lakenheath, in the county of Suffolk. He was educated
at Trinity College, Cambridge, where, in 1809, he graduated as
LL.B., and in the same year he was called to the bar. Eor
many years he attended the Nor\vieh eircuit, and obtained a high
reputation as a tithe-lawyer, which branch of the profession he
had made the subject of a profound research, having published in
1826 (in conjunction with Mr. Yonge) a highly valuable " Col-
lection of the Eeports of Cases, the Statutes, and Ecclesiastical
Laws relating to Tithes," in 4 vols. 8vo. He subsequently be-
came a bencher of the Middle Temple, a Justice of the Peace for
the counties of ]N^orfolk and Suffolk, and Judge of the County-
Covu"ts of Suffolk. Eather late in life he married the eldest
daughter of the late Sir James Blake, Bart., of Langham HaU,
who survives him, and by whom he has left one son. Mr. Eagle
became a Eellow of the Liunean Society in 1807, and was much
attached to the study of British Botany, being well-acquainted
mth the Cryptogamous plants, and especially with the Mosses.
He died at Buiy St. Edmunds, on the 8th of June, 1856, at the
age of 68.

William Gourlie, Esq., the son of a highly-respected Glasgow
merchant, was bom in that city in March 1815, and received an
excellent education at the public schools, and afterwards at the
university of his native city. On his father's removal to the
neighbourhood of the town, he acquired a taste for gardening,
which soon expanded iato a love of botany, and led to his attend-
ance, first on the lectures of Sir William Hooker, and afterwards
on those of Professor Balfour. Erom his earliest years he was
remarkably regular and orderly in his habits, and was thus enabled
to give much time to mental improvement, even while engaged
for many hours a day in mercantile pursuits. His botanical col-
lections were at first limited to British plants, among which he
paid particular attention to the Mosses; but latterly he acquired
large foreign collections, which he is stated to have left in excellent
condition. His collection of shells was also extensive and well-
arranged, and his cabinet contained many interesting specimens
of fossil plants. From the time of his entering iato business in
conjunction with his father, his connexion with the colonies enabled

XXVlii PBOCEEDINOS OP THE

him to procure many specimens of new and rare objects, wliich he
freely imparted to naturalists and natural-history institutions
both at home and abroad. In 1836 he joined the Edinbm-gh
Botanical Society, and acted as its Local Secretary for Grlasgow ;
and in 1841 he entered the Philosophical Society of Glasgow, and
took an active part in promoting its welfare. He was also an
active promoter of various benevolent institutions, and set a noble
example to commercial men, by proving to them that literary and
scientific pursuits may be made perfectly compatible with the
utmost regularity in carrying on the concerns of an extensive
business. In the year 1855 he became a Eellow of the Linnean
Society ; and in the same year, when the Meeting of the British
Association last took place in Glasgow, was appointed one of the
Local Secretaries. His successful exertions to render the meeting
creditable to Glasgow, to add to the comfort of those who visited
it, and to make all the objects of scientific interesb easily accessible
to them, called forth the warmest commendations ; but they ap-
pear, by overtaxing his energies, to have assisted in calling into
action a cancerous or fungous disease of the face, which speedily
assumed a malignant character, and to which, after some months
of severe suffering, he fell a premature victim. He died at the
house of his brother at Pollockshields, on the 24th of June last,
in the 42nd year of his age, leaving a young widow and two chil-
dren of tender age. His loss has been deeply felt in his native
city, where his excellent business habits, combined with an ardent
love of science, and a strong desire to render himself useful in all
benevolent, literary, and scientific objects, had placed him among
the foremost men, and seemed to have prepared for him a career
of higher eminence and more extended usefulness.

Rear-Ad-miral FhiUp Parker King, It.N., F.H.S., and Member
oftlie Legislative Council of the Colony of Neio South Wales, was
the son of Philip Gidley King, Capt.E.N.,who Avas first Governor of
Norfolk Island, and afterwards of New South Wales, and who, in
the latter capacity, is recorded by Mr. Brown, as having " mate-
rially forAvarded the objects of Captain Flinders' voyage," and as
one " to whose friendship Mr. Eerdinand Bauer and himself were
indebted for important assistance in their pursuits while they
remained in that colony." Philip Parker King was born at Nor-
folk Island on the 13th of December 1793, and entered the Navy
in 1807 as a first-class volunteer, on board the Diana frigate, Capt.
Charles Grant. After eighteen months' service he obtained the
rank of midshipman, and served on board various ships until the

LlNNEAlir SOCIETY OF LONDON. Xxix

conclusion of tlie war, being several times noticed for his gallantry
in action. In 1814 lie was promoted to the rank of lieutenant, and
in 1817 was entrusted with the conduct of an important expedition
intended to complete Capt. Flinders' survey of the coast of ]N"ew
Holland ; a service in which he continued to be employed, first in
the Mermaid cutter, and afterwards in the Bathurst sloop (to the
command of which he was promoted by conunission dated July
17th, 1821), until the year 1823. The results of his foiu- voyages
in these vessels are contained in " A Narrative of the Sm-vey of
the Intertropical and Western Coasts of Australia, performed
between the years 1818 and 1822," 2 vols. 8vo, Lond. 1827, and
in an Atlas, published by the Hydrographical Office of the Admi-
ralty. In these voyages he was accompanied by an able and
indefatigable botanist, Mr. Allan Cunningham, to whom " on all
occasions he gave every assistance in his power," and whose
grateful sense of Captain King's unvarying friendship terminated
only with his life. Besides the botanical collections, of which
Mr. Cunningham gave some account in the Appendix to the
' Narrative,' valuable Collections were also made in other branches
of natural history, and the appendix contains contributions by
Dr. Gray, on the Mammalia, B,eptLles, and Shells ; by Mr. W. S.
MacLeay, on the Aimulosa ; by Capt. King himself, aided by INIr.
Yigors, in relation to the Birds ; and is more especially distinguished
by a most important memoir by Mr. Brown, entitled " Character
and Description of Kingia, a New Grenus of Plants found on the
South-west coast of New Holland : with Observations on the Struc-
ture of the Unimpregnated Ovuluni ; and on the Female Flowers
of Cycadeae and Coniferse." The high qualifications of Capt. King
as a surveying officer had now so completely established him in
the confidence of the Admiralty, that he was not long permitted
to remain unemployed. In September 1825 he was appointed to
the command of the Adventure sloop, with orders to survey the
southern coast of America, from the entrance of the Rio Plata round
Cape Horn as far as the archipelago of Chiloe, and the coasts of
Terra del Fuego. In February 1830 he received his commission
as Post-Captain, and in November of the same year he returned
to England, leaving his second in command, Capt. Fitzroy, to
complete the remainder of the siirvey, and to give to the world the
detailed account of the proceedings of the two vessels. He himself
published in 1832, a volume entitled " Sailing Directions for South
America," and a second part was afterwards added by Capt. Fitzroy.
The " Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty's Ships

XXX PEOOEEDINGS OF THE

Adventure and Beagle, between the years 1826 and 1836," vol. i.,
containing "Proceedings of the T'irst Expedition, 1826-1830,
under the command of Captain P. Parker King, E.N., P.E.S.," was
published in 1839. In this expedition, as in his former one, Captain
King secured the assistance of an excellent botanical collector,
Mr. Anderson, and also superintended the formation of a zoolo-
gical collection of considerable extent, of the mammalia, birds, and
sheUs, composing which he gave, in an appendix to the ' Narrative,'
a catalogue, with descriptions of new species, being assisted in the
conchological part by the valuable advice of Mr. Broderip. The
insects have been described in three papers in the 17th, 18th, and
19th volumes of our Transactions, entitled " Descriptions, &c. of
the Insects collected by Captain P. P. King, P.E.S., in the Survey
of the Straits of Magellan," by Mr. Curtis, Mr. Halliday, and Mr.
Walker. On his retirement from active service. Captain King
returned to New HoUand and succeeded Sir Edward Parry in the
management of the affairs of the AustraHau Agricultural Society,
the duties of which office he discharged for several years with
exemplary ability and fidelity. He once again visited England
on the affairs of the society ; but soon returning to Australia, he
became first a nomiuated, and afterwards a representative Member
of the Legislative Council, and took an active part in the business
of the House. In the autumn of 1855 he was promoted to the
rank of Rear-admiral of the Blue, but the intelligence only reached
him a few weeks before his death, which took place in February
1856, at his residence, Grrantham, North Shore, Sydney, in the 63rd
year of his age. Both in public and private life, Admiral King
merited and obtained the cordial regard and high respect of all who
knew him ; and the strong interest which he invariably took in all
that related to natural history, and the encouragement which he
gave in his different voyages to the formation of collections of plants
and animals, are well calculated to endear his memory to the
members of a natural-history society. He was elected into both
the Hoyal and Linnean Societies in the year 1824, and was also a
Member of the Hoyal Asiatic Society, and a Corresponding Mem-
ber of the Zoological Society. He married Harriet, the daughter
of Christopher Lethbridge, Esq., of Launceston, in the county of
Cornwall, who, with a numerous family, survives him. Besides
the zoological notices already referred to. Admiral King was the
author of papers " On the Animals of the Straits of Magellan,"
Zool. Journ. iii. 422, iv. 91 ; " On the Geology of the Straits of
Magellan," Proc. G-eol. Soc. i. 29 ; " On the Cirrhipeda, Conchi-

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXI

fera, and MoUusca collected by the Officers of H.M.S. Adventure
and Beagle in the years 1S26-1830," Zool. Joum. v. 332 ; " Cha-
racters of New Genera and Species of Birds from the Straits of
Magellan," Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. i. 14, 29 ; and " Observations
on Oceanic Birds, particularly those of the Genus Diamedea, &c.,"
Proc. Zool. Soc. ii. 128.

John Moore, Esq., President of tlie Literary and PliilosopMcal
Society, of the J^atural History Society, and of the Botanical and
Horticultural Society of Manchester. Of this gentleman, who
became a FeUow of the Linnean Society in 1826, 1 hope hereafter
to be able to procure some particulars ; but the very recent date
of his death has precluded my obtaining them in sufficient time
for reading on the present occasion.

W^illiam Haseldine Pepys, Esq., was well known as an eminent
cutler and maker of philosophical apparatus. His studies were
cliiefly directed towards chemistry- ; and in early life he made
many experiments in common with the late "W. Allen, the results
of which were for the most part communicated to the Royal So-
ciety, and appeared in the ' Philosophical Transactions.' One of
these papers " On the Eespiration of Birds," pubL'shed in vol. 119,
may be more particularly mentioned here for its bearing on animal
physiology ; as may also another memoir by Mr. Pepys alone,
" On the Decomposition of Sulphate of Iron by Animal Matter,"
which appeared in the first volume of the ' Transactions of the
Geological Society.' He became a Pellow of the Royal Society in
1808, and of the Linnean in 1821, and was also a Fellow of the
Horticultural Society. His death took place at his residence in
Earl's .Terrace, Kensington, on the 17th of August last, at the
age of 81.

It -ndll be in the recollection of many of my hearers, that at our
last Anniversary much anxiety was expressed respecting one of
our distinguished JNIembers, Daniel Sharpe, Esq., who, fovu* days
before, had been thrown from his horse in the neighbo\xrhood of
Norwood, and was then labouring under the effects of a concussion
of the brain. For a few days he was beKeved to be going on fa-
vourably; but a sudden relapse soon put a period to the hopes
which were then entertained, and he died on the 31st of May last,
as was afterwards ascertained, from an extensive ft'acture of the
base of the skull. He was born in London in 1806 ; and was the
youngest of a numerous family, his mother, the sister of the poet
Rogers, dying a few weeks after his birth. His school education
was acquired at Walthamstow ; and belonging to a commercial

XXXii PBOCEEDINOS OF THE

family, lie was early iuitiated iuto mercantile pursuits, wliicli
continued to engage his attention throughout the remainder of
Hs life, but left him sufScient leisure to prosecute with great
ardour and success the geological studies which formed his prin-
cipal relaxation. A commercial connexion with the wine-growing
districts of Portugal, leading him to pay occasional visits to Lisbon
and Oporto, and to a residence of some extent in the neighbour-
hood of each, he was naturally induced to give particular attention
to the geology of those districts, and between 1832 and 1849 he
communicated to the Greological Society four memoirs on the
subject, which indicate by their increasing scientific interest the
gradual growth of his knowledge and enlargement of his views, and
form an excellent sketch of a country hitherto undescribed. In the
mean time he had been occupied at intervals in visiting various di-
stricts of England, Scotland, and "Wales, and had given to the Greo-
logical Society a series of papers " On the Geology of the South
of Westmoreland ; " " On the Bala Limestone ; " "On the Silu-
rian Eocks of the South of Westmoreland and the Nortli of
Lancashire;" "On the Geology of North Wales;" "On Slaty
Cleavage;" "On the Quartz Eock of M'Culloch's Map of Scot-
land ; " and " On the Southern Border of the Highlands of Scot-
land," which appeared from time to time in the ' Transactions,'
'Proceedings,' and 'Journal' of that Society. In the course of
these researches Mr. Sharpe made himself much more intimately
acquainted with extinct forms and their relations to existing
objects than is the custom with geologists in general ; and by this
means acquired that high degree of skill in the palseontological
determination of the age of rocks which formed the most striking
characteristic of his geological labours. As contributions to special
subjects of palaeontology, may be recorded papers " On a New
Species oi Ichthyosaurus \''^ " On Trematis, a New Genus belong-
ing to the Family of Brachiopodous Mollusca; " " On the Possil
Eemains of Mollusca from the Palaeozoic Formations of the United
States ; " " On Tylostoma, a proposed genus of Gasteropodous
MoUusks ; " and " On the Genus Nerincea, with an accouait of the
species found in Portugal;" together with several parts of an
important Monograph, which is included among the splendid
publications of the Palseontographical Society, entitled " Descrip-
tion of the Fossil Eemains of the Mollusca found in the Chalk-
Formation of England," 4to, 1853, &c. The only Natural-History
paper uncoimected with Geology, which I am aware of his having
published, is, a short communication printed in the first volume of

LINNEAN SOCIETY OP LONDON. XXXlll

the * Proceedings of the Committee of Science of the Zoological
Society,' " On the Luminous Appearance of the Ocean." Nothing
can more strikingly evince the activity of his mind and the versa-
tility of his genius than the readiness with which he turned his
attention from geological piu-suits to grapple with the difficulties
of the ancient Lycian inscriptions brought home by Sir C. Fellowes,
Captain Spratt, and Professor Porbes, in regard to which the
accuracy of his interpretations of an miknown tongue, written in
an imperfectly known character, has not, so far as I am aware, been
questioned by philologists. Mr. Sharpe was unmarried ; he be-
came a Pellow of the Linnean Societ}^ in 1828, of the Geological
Society in 1829, and of the Eoyal Society in 1850. In 1853 he
was elected Treasurer of the Geological Society ; and in February
1856 he succeeded Mr. Hamilton in the office of President. After
only three months' teniire of that high scientific position, he met
with the melancholy accident which prematurely terminated his
active and honourable career.

Charles Hampden Turner, Esq^., who became a Pellow of the
Linnean Society in 1819, and of the Eoyal Society in 1821, was
chiefly knoA\Ti in connexion with Natural History, from his being
the owner of a fine collection of minerals, purchased by him from
the late M. Heuland. He died at his seat, Eooksnest Park, near
Godstone, Surrey, on the 17th of March, 1856, at the age of 83.

The melancholy list of our losses concludes with the name of
William Yarrell, Esq., whose death cannot be recorded without
an expression of the deepest regret on the part of a Society of
which he had long been so invaluable an adviser and so distin-
guished an ornament, and on the part also of a large number of
its members, who have lost in him a true and faithful friend.
Mr. Yarrell was bom on the 3rd of Jime, 1784, in Duke Street,
St. James's, where his father and his uncle, Mr. Jones, carried on
in partnership the business of newspaper-agents. His school-days
were passed at Dr. ISTicholas's large establishment at Ealing, where
the late General Sale was among his fellow-pupils, together with
his cousin, Mr. Edward Jones, his future partner, and where he
acquired the character of a quiet and studious boy. Li the year
1802 he became a clerk in the banking-house of Messrs. Hemes,
Parquhar, and Co., but soon left that employ to join his cousin in
the business which had previously belonged to their two fathers,
and which, at the death of the cousin in 1850, became wholly his
own. In the house in Duke Street, and in the comer house of
Bury Street and Little Eyder Street, to which the business had

LTNN. PROC. c

XXXIV PEOCEEDIKGS 01" THE

for many years been removed, he passed the entire remamder of
his life, — a life combining with the steady pursuit of business, an
eager reHsh for the pleasures of society and the sports of the field,
and an ardent attachment to zoological studies. It can hardly be
doubted that to his enthusiastic devotion to field sports he was
indebted for the first impulse which led to the fame and distinction
which he subsequently acquired as a naturalist. His rod and his
gun, in the use of both of which, but particularly of the latter, he
was a skilful adept, first made him intimately acquainted with the
habits and distinctions of the finny and feathered tribes, which in
after-life it became his favourite occupation to illustrate. I first
became acquainted with him through my brother in the year 1817,
long before any of us were connected with the Linnean Society.
At this time he had just become a Member of the Eoyal Insti-
tution, and his scientific studies were divided between chemistry
and natural history ; but he soon relinquished the former and gave
himself wholly to the pursuit of the latter, Tor several years after-
wards he contented himself with the patient and laborious collection
of the large body of facts which he ultimately turned to so good an
account ; and it was not until 1825, when he was upwards of forty
years of age, that he published his first paper " On the Occurrence
of some Hare British Birds." This paper appeared in the 2nd
volume of the ' Zoological Journal,' of which he soon afterwards
became one of the editors. In the same year he was elected a
FeUow of the Linnean Society, and in February 1827 he commu-
nicated to us his " Observations on the Tracheae of Birds, with
Descriptions and Representations of several not hitherto figured,"
which was published iu the 15th volume of our ' Transactions.'
In 1827 he also communicated to the Boyal Society a paper " On
the Change of Plumage of some Hen- Pheasants," which is printed
in the volume of the ' Philosophical Transactions ' for that year.
These papers were the precursors of a long series of memoirs and
of shorter communications, which have appeared from time to time
in. the Linnean ' Transactions,' ' Proceediags,' and * Journal ; ' in
the ' Transactions ' and ' Proceedings ' of the Zoological Society ;
in the ^ Reports of the British Association ; ' in the ' Zoological
Journal ; ' in the ' Annals and Magazine of Natural History ; ' in
the ' Philosophical Magazine ; ' m the ' Entomological Magazine ; '
and in the ' Zoologist,' These publications, and the weU-known
extent of his acquirements, soon made him known to a large circle
of zoological friends, to whom he freely contributed his ample
stores of knowledge. In 1825 he corresponded with Bewick, to

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXV

whom he sent some of the rarer birds to figure iu his celebrated
work ; and about the same time he formed the acquaintance of Sir
William Jardine and INIr. Selby. In 1826, on the formation of
the Zoological Society, he became one of its original Members,
and immediately took an active part in its proceedings, both as a
naturalist and as a man of business. His quiet unpretending
manners, his varied information, his plain method of stating facts,
and the clear precision of his inferences, the straightforward sim-
plicity of his character, and his ujivarying command of temper,
rendered him on aU occasions a most valuable adviser ; and when
all these traits in his character had become fully known, it was
only with reluctance and in accordance with established rules and
regulations, that his name was ever omitted from the Council-lists
of either the Linnean or the Zoological Societies, Of the latter
he for a short time acted as Secretary, and was frequently one of
its Vice-Presidents ; and he was also for a long period Treasurer
of the Entomological Society, of which he was a warm supporter.
On the death of Mr. Forster in 1849, he was elected Treasurer of
the Linnean Society, and continued to fill that office, I need not say
how satisfactorily to the Society, together with that of one of its
Vice-Presidents until his death. So early as 1825, ]\Ir YarreU had
already formed a considerable collection of British Birds and their
eggs, which he continued in after-years to increase, adding to them
at a later period a collection of British Fishes. These collections
served as the basis of his two great works, the one completed in
1836, imder the title of 'A History of British Fishes,' and the
other in 1843, under that of ' A History of British Bii-ds.' A
second edition of the former was published in 1841, and a third
edition of the latter in 1856. These two works, which contain
the results of his long-continued observations in the fields and in
the woods, by the stream, on the coast, and on the open sea, of
his patient and unwearied researches in the closet, and of a carefiil
course of reading, form, and "svill long continue to form, the text-
books of British Naturalists in the two important departments
to which they refer. The ' History of British Fishes ' is further
remarkable as the earliest published, and consequently may be
regarded as the model of that fine series of works on the Natural
History of the British Islands of which Mr. Van Voorst has been
the publisher, and which have contributed so essentially to extend
and popularize the study of nature among us. Of the wide popu-
larity of these two ' Histories,' no better proof could be adduced
than the fact, which I have the authority and permission of Mr. Van

XXXVl S PROCEEDINGS OE THE

Voorst to state, tbat the sum wliicli Mr. Tarrell received on account
of them from first to last exceeded £4000. One of his latest
contributions to popular zoology was, a chapter " On Marine
Fishes," which he presented to his friend and publisher for inser-
tion in the third edition of the entertaining and instructive
' Sea-side Book ' of our distiaguished Fellow, Dr. Harvey. Of
a naturally robust constitution, inured and strengthened by the
pursuits of his early life, the advances of age appeared to make
but a slight impression on his frame, until a severe attack of
fever in his seventieth year, for some time gave reason to fear for
his life. From this, however, he completely recovered, and gave
no further signs of decaying health until the beginning of August
last, when an attack of giddiness, followed by slight paralysis,
again gave some alarm to his friends. In a few days this also
passed away, and he resumed his ordinary avocations. On the
26th of that month he attended a Council of the Linnean Society,
and appeared nearly in his usual health, but spoke of beiag re-
stricted in his diet, and complained of a " woolliness " in the
brain. On the ensuing Saturday he accompanied a valued friend
by sea to Great Yarmouth, where they arrived on the Sunday
morning ; in the evening he expressed himself much pleased with
his voyage, and stated that he had greatly enjoyed the day. After
partaking with appetite of a moderate dinner, he retired to rest
about ten o'clock, and was soon after attacked with a difficulty of
breathing, the continuance of which rendering him fearful, as he
stated, "that he should die and no one know of it," he rung his
bell. Medical assistance was immediately prociu'ed, but was
foiuid unavailing. Perfectly conscious until within a few minutes
of breathing his last, he died about half-past twelve in the morn-
ing of Monday, the 1st of September, in the 73rd year of his age.
On the following Monday he was buried in the churchyard of
Bayford in Hertfordshire, where his grave is indicated by a simple
epitaph, the lines from Wordsworth, as well as his place of burial,
having been selected by himself. It is as follows : — " He was the
survivor of twelve brothers and sisters, who, with their father and
mother, are all placed close to this spot,

first and last,
The earliest summon' d and the longest spared —
Are here deposited."

His remains were attended to the grave by our President, Mr.
Bell, one of his oldest and most intimate friends, by his relatives

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDOK. XXXVU

and executors, of whom IMr. Van Voorst was one, by our Librarian,
IMr. Kippist, and by other Members of the Society, who were
desirous of paying this last sad tribute of respect. Since his death,
his extensive library of Xatural History books, and his valuable col-
lections of British Birds and Fishes have been sold by auction ; and
the latter have been thus transferred to the British Museum. But
his works will convey to posterity a faithftd picture of his distin-
guished merits as a naturalist ; while his portrait, by INIrs. Carpenter,
the result of a subscription among forty Fellows of the Society in
1839, will continue to adorn our Meeting-Eoom, and to recall to
the minds of oux FeUows the memory of a most valuable Member
of the Society, and of a thoroughly amiable, estimable, and ho-
nourable man.

The titles of his multifarious papers are given at length, and
with but few exceptions, in the ' Bibliographia Zoologiae et Geo-
logise ' of the Ray Society, and amount to no fewer than seventy.
It is proper, however, that I should here enumerate his contribu-
tions to our own publications, which are as follows : —

I. In our Transactions : —

Observations on the Tracheae of Birds, with Descriptions and
Eepresentations of several not hitherto figured. — Linn. Trans.
XV. 378.

Description of a species of Tringa, killed in Cambridgeshire,
new to England and Europe. — Ibid. xvi. 109.

On the Organs of Voice in Birds. — Ibid. xvi. 305.

On a new species of Wild Swan, taken in England, and hitherto
confounded with the Hooper. — Tbid. xvi. 445.

Description of the Organs of Voice in a new species of "Wild
Swan {Cygnus buccinator, Richards.). — Ibid. xvii. 1.

Descriptions of Tlu'ee British Species of Freshwater Fishes, be-
longing to the genus Leuciscus of Klein. — Ibid. xvii. 5.

On the Habits and Structure of the Grreat Bustard {^Otis tardu
of Linnaeus) . — Ibid. xxi. 155.

II. In our Proceedings : —

Notice of an Interwoven Mass of Filaments of Conferva flu-
vi&tilis of extraordinary size. — Froc. Linn. Soc. i. p. 65.

III. In oiu" Journal : —

On the Influence of the Sexual Organ in modifying External
Character. — Journ. Linn. Soc. i. p. 76.

XXXVIU

PBOCEEDINaS OF THE

The Secretary also announced that thirty-one Fellows, two
Foreign Members, and one Associate, had been elected since the
last Anniversary.

At the election, which subsequently took place, Thomas Bell,
Esq. was re-elected President ; Fi-ancis Boott, Esq., M.D., Trea-
surer ; John Joseph Bennett, Esq., Secretary ; and Greorge Busk,
Esq. was elected Under- (Zoological) Secretary. The following
five Fellows were elected into the Council in the room of others
going out : viz. Hugh Falconer, Esq., M.D. ; J. D. Hooker, Esq.,
M.D. ; Eobert Hudson, Esq. ; Eobert M' Andrew, Esq, ; and Na-
thaniel Bagshaw Ward, Esq.

The President nominated Francis Boott, Esq., M.D. ; Eobert
Brown, Esq., D.C.L. ; Eichard Owen, Esq., D.C.L. ; and William
Wilson Saunders, Esq., Vice-Presidents for the ensuing year.

A Portrait of Thomas Bell, Esq., the President, painted by
Mr. Pickersgill, E.A., was presented by the following Fellows,
viz. : —

Alexander, R. C, M.D.
Ansell, T., M.D.
Armitage, Rev. E., M.A.
Babington,C. Cardale, Esq., M.A.
Babington, Rev. Churchill, B.D.
Baird, W., Esq., M.D.
Barlow, Rev. J., M.A.
Bedingfeld, Rev. J.
Bennett, J. J., Esq.
Bentley, R., Esq.
Blackwall, J., Esq.
Boott, F,, M.D.
Borrer, W., Esq.
Boner, W., Jun., Esq., M.A.
Bowerbank, J. S., Esq.
Bi-own, R., Esq., D.C.L.
Buchanan, W,, Esq.
Buckton, G. B., Esq.
Burchell, W. J., Esq., D.C.L.
Busk, G., Esq.
Capel, Rev. G., M.A.
Cole, R., Esq.
Cuming, H., Esq.
Darwin, C, Esq., M.A.

Daubeny, C. G. B., M.D.
Dennes, G. E., Esq.
Dickinson, J., Esq.
Dickinson, J. M. A., M.D.
Ewer, W., Esq.
Francis, W., Esq., Ph.D.
Gaskoin, J. S., Esq.
Gould, J., Esq.
Grant, R. E., M.D.
Gray, J. E., Esq., Ph.D.
Hamilton, E., M.D.
Hankey, J. A., Esq.
Hawkes, Rev. H., B.A.
Hawkins, E., Esq.
Henslow, Rev. J. S., M.A.
Hogg, J., Esq., M.A.
Holman, J., Esq., Lieut. R.N.
Hooker, Sir W. J., K.H.
Hooker, J. D., M.D.
Horsfield, T., M.D.
Hudson, R., Esq.
Hugo, Rev. T., M.A.
Janson, T. C, Esq.
Jones, J. D., M.D.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LOS^DON.

Kippist, R., Esq. Seaman, B. C P., Esq.

Knox, A. E., Esq., M.A. Seemann, B., Esq., Ph.D.

Lee, J., Esq., LL.D. Sheppard, Major E., R A.

LyeU, Sir C, M.A., D.C.L. Solly, R. H., Esq.

Miers, J., Esq. Spence, W., Esq.

Morson, T. N. R„ Esq. Tagart, Rev. E.

Murchison, Sir R. I., D.C.L. Taylor, R., Esq.

Peckover, A., Esq. Thomson, T., M.D.

Reeve, L., Esq. Van Voorst, J., Esq.

Roots, S., Esq. Wakefield, R., Esq.

Salmon, J. D., Esq. Ward, N. B., Esq.

Salter, S. J. A., M.B. White, Alfred, Esq.

Salter, T., Esq. Wight, R., M.D.

Salter, T. B., M.D. Wilkinson, J. S. C, Esq.

Saunders, W. W., Esq. Yarrell, W., Esq.

June 2nd, 1857.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.
Freeman Eoper, Esq., was elected a Eellow.

Eead, first, a Note " On the irregularity of the return of Swal-
lows and other vernal migratory birds in the present year;"
by Thomas Forster, Esq., M.B., E.L.S. (See " Zoological Pro-
ceedings," vol. ii. p. 40.)

Read, secondly, " Additional Eemarks on an Organ observed in
the Wings and Halteres of Insects ;" by John Braxted Hicks,
Esq., M.D., E.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 141.)

Eead, thirdly, a Paper " On some peculiar Structiires in the
Antennae of Insects;" by John Braxted Hicks, Esq., M.D.,
F.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 147.)

The President announced that the Local Committee at Mont-
real had, through their Chairman, Sir W. E. Logan, invited the
Linnean Society to depute a representative to the approaching
meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science in that city, and had placed at the disposal of the Society
for that purpose one of two free passages to New York or Boston

Xl PEOCEEDINGS Or THE LINKEAK SOCIETY OE LONDOK.

and back again, given by the Cunard Steam Company ; tliat the
invitation had been thankfully accepted ; and that Dr. Berthold
Seemann, F.L.S., had kindly consented, at the request of the
Council, to proceed to America as the representative of the
Society.

•June 16th, 1857.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Eead, first, a " Catalogue of the Hyonenoptera collected at Sara-
wak, in the Island of Borneo, Malacca, and Singapore, by Mr. A.
R. Wallace;" by Frederick Smith, Esq.; communicated by W.
W. Saunders, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," vol, ii.
p. 42.)

Eead, secondly, a "Note on the Occurrence of Rotatoria in
Vaucheria ;" by Daniel Oliver, Jun., Esq., E.L.S.

Eead, thirdly, a Memoir " On the growth and composition of
the Ovarium of SipJionodon, Grifi". ;" by Joseph Dalton Hooker,
Esq., M.D., F.E.S., F.L.S. (See "Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 133.)

'Read, fourthly, a Note " On a Monstrous Development in Ha-
henaria chlorantha ;" by the Bev. John Stevens Henslow, M.A.,
F.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. ii.)

Eead, fifthly, a Note " On a Monstrous Development of the
Spike of a species of Banana;" by Sir Eobert H. Schomburgk ;
communicated by Greorge Bentham, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Botani-
cal Proceedings," vol. ii.)

Eead, sixthly, a Memoir " On the Greographical Distribution
of the Members of the Class Aves ;" by Philip Lutley Sclater,
Esq., F.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. ii.)

xli

ADDITIONS

TO THE

LIBRARY OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

RECEIVED FROM JULY 1, 1856, TO JUNE 15, 1857.

[^Continued from vol. I. page Ixiv.]

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies.

Amsterdam : — Kon. Akademie van Wetenscliappen.
Verhandelingen, deel 3. Amsterdam, 1856, 4to.
Verslagen en Mededeelingen. Afdeeling Natuurlcunde,
deel 3, stuk 3, deel 4, & deel 5, stuk 1. lb. 1855-6, 8vo.

. Afdeeling LetterJcunde, deel 1, & deel 2,

stuk 1. Ih. 1855-56, 8vo. The Academy.

Basel: — Naturforscliende Gesellscliaft.
Bericht, no. 3. Basel, 1838, 8vo.

Verhaudlungen, heft 3. lb. 1856, Svo. The Society.
Berlin : —

Konigl. Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Abhandlungen aus dem Jahre 1854, Ister Supplement-
Band. Berlin, 1856, fol.

aus dem Jahre 1855. lb. 1856, 4to.

Monatsbericht ; von Juli 1855-Dec. 1856, lb. Svo.

The Academy.

Yerein ziu* Beforderuag des G-artenbaues in den K. Preus-

sischen Staaten, Verhandlungen, Neue Eeihe, jahrg. 4,

heft 1. Berlin, 1856, 8vo. The Society.

Benvickshire Naturalists' Club ; Proceedings, vol. iii. no. 6.

Benvick-on- Tweed, 1856, Svo. The Club.

Bologna, Accademia deUe Scienze deU' Istituto. Rendiconto,
ami. accad. 1854-5 & 1855-6. Bologna, 1855-56, Svo,
Dr. a. Bertoloni, F.M.L.S.

Xlii ADDITIONS TO THE LIBBAET.

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies {continued^.

Bonn : — Naturhistorisclier Verein. Verhandlungen, jahrg. 12,
heft 3 & 4, «fe jahrg. 13, heft 2 & 3. Bonn, 1855-56, 8vo.

The Association.
Boston, U.S. :—
American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Memoirs. New
Series, vol. 5, part 2. Cambridge and Boston, 1855, 4to.

The Academy.

Society of Natural History. Proceedings, vol. 5, sheets 12-21.

Boston, 1855-56, Svo. The Society.

Breslau: — Imperial Academy "Naturge Curiosorum." Nova

Acta, torn. 25, pars 2. Vratislaviae et Bonnae, 1856, 4to.

The Academy.
Brussels : — Academie Eoyale des Sciences, &c.
Memoires, tome 30. Bruxelles, 1857, 4to.
Memoires couronnes, &c., tomes 26-8. Ih. 1855-56, 4to.
Bulletins, tome 22, ptie 2, & tome 23. Ih. 1855-56, Svo.
Annuaires, 22^ & 23^ annees, lb. 1856-57, 12mo.

The Academy.
Cambridge: — Philosophical Society. Transactions, vol. 9, part 4.
Cambridge, 1856, 4to. The Society.

Charleston, S. C. : — Elliott Society of Natural History. Pro-
ceedings, sheets 4, 5 & 6, 1856, 8vo. The Society.
Cherbourg : — Societe Imp. des Sciences Naturelles. Memoires,
tome 3. Paris, 1855, Svo. The Society.

Copenhagen : — Kong. Danske Videnskabemes Selskab.

Skriffcer. 5te Ksekke. 4de bind, Iste hefbe. Kjobenhavn,

1856, 4to.
Oversigt i aar 1855. Ih. Svo. The Society.

Cornwall : —

G-eological Society. Annual Eeports (40, 41 & 42) of the
Council. Penzance, 1855, Svo.

Jonathan Couch, Esq., E.L.S.
Eoyal Institution. Objects and Laws of. Truro, 1829, Svo.

Jonathan Couch, Esq., E.L.S.
Dubhn : —

Eoyal Irish Academy.

Transactions, vol. 23, part 1. Dublin, 1856, 4to.
Proceedings, vol. 6, part 3. Ih. 1856, Svo. The Academy.
Natui'al History Society. Journal and Proceedings for
1855-56. Dublm, Svo. The Society.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBBAET. xliii

Titles. Donors.

Academies and Societies {continued).
Edinburgli : — Royal Society.

Transactions, vol. 21, part 3. Edinburgh, 1856, 4to.
Proceedings, no. 46. Ih. 1856, 8vo. The Society.

Frankfort : — Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellscbaft.
Abliandlungen. Band 2, lief. 1. Frankfurt-a.-M., 1856, 4to.

The Society.
Gottingen : — Konigl. GeseUscbaft der "Wissenscbaften. Nacb-
richten, &c., vom J. 1856. Gottingen, 8vo. The Society.
HaUe : — Naturmssenscbaftlicher Verein fiir Sacbsen und Tbii-
ringen.
Abbandlimgen, band 1, heft 1. Berlin, 1856, 4to.
Zeitscbrift fiir die gesammten N aturwissenscbaften, band 7.
Ih. 1856, 8vo. The Society.

Hobart Town : — Royal Society of Van Diemen's Land.

Papers and Proceedings, vol. 3, part 1. Hobart Town,

1855, 8vo. The Society,
Lausanne : — Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles. Bulletin,

nos. 34-7. Lausanne, 1854-6, 8vo. The Society.

Leeds: — Philosophical and Literary Society. Report (36th),

Leeds, 1856, 8vo. The Society,

, Liege: — Societe E., des Sciences. Memoires, tome 12. Liege,

1857, 8vo. The Society.

Liverpool : — Literary and Philosophical Society, Proceedings,

no. 10. Liverpool, 1856, 8vo. The Society,

London : —

Art-Union.

Report of the Council for 1856 ; with a List of the Members,

London, 1856, 8vo.
Almanac for 1857. Ih. 12mo. The Aet-Union.

British Association. Report of the 25th Meeting. London,

1856, 8vo. The Association,
British Museum.

Catalogue of Lophobranchiate Fish. London, 1856, 12mo.

List of the British Ciu'culionidae. Ih. 1856, 12mo,

List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects, parts 1 & 7,

lb. 1856, 12mo.
Catalogue of British Ichneumonidse. Ih. 1856, 12mo.
Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects. Ih. 1856, 12mo.
Catalogue of the Myriapoda. Ih. 1856, 12mo.

The Trustees.

xliv ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

Titles. Donors.

Academies and Societies {continued').

Entomological Society. Transactions. New Series, voL 4,

parts 1, 2 & 3. London, 1856-7, 8vo. The Society.

Geological Society.

Transactions. 2nd Series, vol. 7, part 4, London, 1856, 4to.

Quarterly Journal, vol. 12, parts 3 & 4, & vol. 13, parti,

Ih. 1856-7, 8vo. The Society.

International Association for obtaining a uniform (Decimal)

System of Measures, "Weights, and Coins. E-eport of

the Council, &c. London, 1857, 8vo.

The Association.
Medical and Cliirurgical Society.

Transactions, vol. 39. London, 1856, 8vo.
Proceedings, vol. 1, nos. 1 & 2. Ih. 1857, 8vo,

The Society.
Microscopical Society : v. Journals.
Palaeontograpliical Society.
Monograph of the British Fossil Corals, by MM. H. M.-
Edwards & J. Haime, parts 3-5. London, 1852-4, 4to.
Monograph of British Braehiopoda, by T. Davidson, Esq.,

parts 1-4. Ih. 1852-4, 4to.
Monograph of the Eocene Mollusca, by E. E. Edwards,

parts 2 & 3. lb. 1852-4, 4to.
Monograph of the Echinodermata of the British Tertiaries,

by Prof E. Eorbes. Ih. 1852, 4to.
Description of the Fossil Hemains of Mollusca found in the
Chalk of England, by Daniel Sharpe, Esq., parts 1 & 2,
Ih. 1854, 4to.
Monograph of the Mollusca from the Great Oolite, by J ,
Morris, Esq. and J. Lycett, Esq., parts 2 & 3. Ih. 1853-4,
4to.
Monograph of the Crag MoUusca, by S. V. Wood, Esq.,

part 3. Ih. 1853, 4to.
Monograph of the Fossil Chelonian Eeptiles of the Wealden
Clays and Purbeck Limestones, by E,. Owen, Esq., D.C.L.
Ih. 1853, 4to.
Monograph of the Fossil Eeptilia of the "Wealden Forma-
tions, by the same, part 2. Ih. 1854, 4to.
Monograph of the Fossil Balanidae and "Verrucidse of Great
Britain, by C. Darwin, Esq. Ih. 1854, 4to.

The Society.

A.DDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. xlv

Titles. Donors.

Academies and Societies (co7itinu€d).
Pharmaceutical Society : v. Journals.
Eoyal Society.

Proceedings, vol. 8, nos. 21-25. London, 1856-7, 8vo.

The Society.

Royal Agricultural Society. Journal, vol. 17, parts 1 & 2.

London, 1856, 8vo. The Society.

Eoyal Asiatic Society. Journal, vol. 16, part 1. London,

1854, 8vo. The Society.
Eoyal GeograpMcal Society.

Journal, voL 26. London, 1856, 8vo.
Proceedings, nos. 4-8. Tb. 1856-7, 8vo. The Society.
Eoyal Institution.

Notices of the Meetings, part 6. London, 1856, 8vo.

List of the Members, &c., with the Report of the Visitors

for 1855. Ih. 1856, 8vo. The Institution.

Society of Arts. Journal, nos. 189-238. London, 1856-57,

8vo. The Society.

Zoological Society.

Proceedings, nos. 299-326. London, 1855-56, 8vo.
Illustrations to ditto, for 1853-54, 8vo. The Society.

Lyons : —

Academie des Sciences, &c. Memoires. Nouv. Serie. Classe
des Lettres, tomes 3 & 4. Lyon, 1853-55, 8vo ; and
Classe des Sciences, tomes 3-5. Ih. 1853-55, 8vo.

The Academy.

Societe d' Agriculture, &c. Annales des Sciences Physiques

et NatureUes, 2^"^ Serie, tomes 5, 6, & 7, pt. 1. Lyon,

1853-55, 8vo. The Society.

Societe Litineenne. Annales, Nouv. Serie, tome 2. Lyon,

1855, 8vo. The Society.
IMadras : — Observatory.

Astronomical Observations, made ia the years 1843-7 and

1848-52. Madras, 1848-54, 4to.
Meteorological Register for 1822-43. Ih. 1844, fol.

The Hon. E. I. Company.
Madrid : — R. Academia de Ciencias.

Memoriaa. Ciencias Fisicas, tomo 1, parte 1. Madrid,

1856, 4to.

. Ciencias Naturales, tomo 2, parte 1. Tb. 1856,

4to. The Academy.

xlvi ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEARY.

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies {continued).

Manchester : — Literary and Philosophical Society. Memoirs,

2nd Series, vol. 13. London, 1856, 8vo. The Society.

Markree Observatory : — Catalogue of Stars near the Ecliptic,

observed at Markree during the years 1854-56, vol. 4.

Dublin, 1856, 8vo. H. M. Goteenment.

Mauritius : — ^Eoyal Society of Arts and Sciences, Proceedings,

from Sept. 1851 to Oct. 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Moscow : — Societe Lnp. des Naturalistes.

Nouveaux Memoires, tome 10. Moscou, 1855, 4to.
Bulletin, tome 28, nos. 2, 3 & 4, & tome 29, no. 1. lb.
1855-56, 8vo. The Society.

Naples : — Accademia delle Scienze.
Eendiconto, anno 4. (1855), 4to.
Memoria sullo Incendio Vesuviano del mese di Maggio,

1855, per G. Guarini, &c. Napoli, 1855, 4to.

The Academy.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne : — Tyneside Naturalists' Pield Club. .
Transactions, vol. 3, part 2. Newcastle, 1856, 8vo.

The Club.
New York : —

American Geographical and Statistical Society. Report on
Syrian Exploration. New York, 1857, 8vo.

"William Eebguson, Esq., E.L.S.
Lyceum of Natural History. Annals, vol. 6, no. 5. New
York, 1855, 8vo. The Lyceum.

Paris : —

Academie des Sciences de I'lustitut.

Memoires, tome 27, partie 1. Paris, 1856, 4to.
Memoires presentes par divers Savants, Sciences mathem.

et physiques, tome 14. Ih. 1856, 4to.
Comptes rendus, tomes 42 & 43. lb. 1856, 4to.
Supplement aux Comptes rendus, &c., tome 1. Ih. 1856,
4to. The Academy.

Societe Botanique„ Bulletin, tome 3, nos, 2-8 & 10. Paris,

1856, 8vo, The Society,
Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. Archives, tome 8, livr. 3 & 4,

& tome 9, livr. 1-3. Paris, 1855-56, 4to.

The Administeation oe the Museum.

Universal Exhibition. Eeports on, parts2& 3. London, 1856,

8vo. The Commissionees.

ADDITIONS TO TUE LIBEAEY. xl\di

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies {contimied).

Penzance. Natural History and Antiquarian Societj-. Eeports
for 1848, 1851 & 1852. Penzance, 8vo.

Jonathan Couch, Esq., F.L.S.
Philadelphia : —

Academy of Natural Sciences.

Journal. New Series, vol. 3, part 2. Philadelphia, 1855,

4to.

Proceedings, vol. 7, nos. 8-12, & vol. 8, nos. 1 & 2. Ih.

1855-56, 8vo, The Academy,

American Philosophical Society. Proceedings, nos. 53 & 54.

Philadelphia, 8vo. The Society.

Stettin : — Entomologischer Yerein.

Entomologische Zeitung. Jahrgang 17. Stettin, 1856, 8vo.
Linnaea Entomologica, band 11. Berlin, 1857, 8vo.

The Association.
Stockholm ; — Kongl. Vetenskaps Akademien.

Handlingar for 1853, afdel. 2, & 1854, afdeL 1. Stock-

hohn, 1856, 8vo.
Ofversigt. Arg. 12. Ih. 1856, 8vo.

Arsberattelse om Botaniska Arbeten, &c., for 1851, af J. E.
Wikstrom. Ih. 1855, 8vo. The Academy.

Upsal : — Eegia Societas Scientiarum. Nova Acta, Ser. 3, vol. 1,
fasc. 2, & vol. 2, fasc. 1. TJpsaliae, 1855-56, 4to.

The Society.
Vienna : —

Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften, ,

Denkscliriften. Mathem.-naturw. Classe, band 10 & 11.

Wien, 1855-56, 4to.
Sitzungsberichte. Mathem.-naturw. Classe, band 18, heft 1
& 2, band 19, heft 1 & 2, & band 20, heft 1. Ih.
1855-56, 8vo.
Almanach, jahrg. 6. Ih. 1856, 8vo.

Jahrbiicher der K. K. Central- Anstalt fiir Meteorologie, &c.,
von Karl Kreil, band 4. Ih. 1856, 4to. The Academy.
K. K. G-eologische Eeichsanstalt.

Abhandlungen, band 3. Wien, 1856, 4to.
Jahrbiicher, jahrg. 6, nos. 3 & 4, & jahrg. 7, nos. 1-3. Ih.
1855-56, 8vo. The Institute.

Zoologisch-botanischer Verein.

Verhandkmgen, band 5. Wien, 1855, 8vo.

xlviii ADDITIOKS TO THE LIBEAET.

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies (continued).

Yienna: — Zoologiscli-botanisclier Verein (continued).

Bericlit iiber die Oesterreichisclie Literatiir der Zoologie,
Botanik, und Palseontologie, aus den Jaliren 1850-53.
TVieu, 1855, Svo. The Association.

Washington : —

Smithsonian Institution. Contributions to Knowledge,
vol. 8. Washington, 1856, 4to. The Institutiok.

Wurzbvirg : —

Physiealisch-medicinisehe GresellsehafL Verhandlungen,
band 7, heft 1 «fe 2. Wiirzburg, 1856, Svo.

The Society.

Ziirich : —

Allgemeine Schweitzerisehe Gresellschaffc fiir... Naturwissen-

schaften. Neue Denkschriften, band 13 & 14. Ziirich,

1853-55, 4to. The Nattjeal Histoet Society, Basle.

Naturforsehende Gesellschaft.

Mittheilungen, heft 3-10. Ziirich, 1849-56, 8vo.
Vierteljahrs schrift ; redigirt von Dr. E. Wolf. Jahrg. 1,
heft 1-4. lb. 1856, 8vo. The Society.

Agiular (A.) Annimcio del Eclipse annlar y central, que tendra
lugar el 15 de Marzo, 1858. Svo.

The Academy oe Sciences, Madeid.
Alder (J.) and Hancock (A.) Monograph of tlie British Nudibran-
chiate Mollusca, pts. 5-7. London, 1851-55, fol.

E. KippisT, LiBE. L.S.
Bate (C. S.) On the British Diastylidse. London, 1856, Svo.

The Authoe.

On the British Edriophthalma. Ih. 1856, Svo.

The Authoe.

Bertoloni (A.) Flora Italica, tomo 10, fasc. 1-5. Bononise, 1854,

Svo. The Authoe.

• Miscellanea Botanica, fasc 15 & 16. Ih. 1854-6, 4to.

The Authoe.

Bertoloni (J.) lUustrazione dei Prodotti Naturali del Mozambico,

diss. 5. Bologna, 1856, 4to. The Authoe.

jS'otizie intorno alle attuali coltivazioni de' Bachi da Seta nel

Bolognese. Ih. 1856, 4to. The Authoe.

Blackwood (J.) Diss, philos. de Imperii Civilis origine et causis.

Glasguse, 1741, 4to. J. Couch, Esq., E.L.S.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRA.ET. xll'x

Titles. Doxobs.

Bonaparte (Prince C. L.) Xotes sur les Oiseaux des lies Marquises,
et particvilierement sur le genre Serresius. 4to.

Tableaux paralleliques de I'Ordre des Ecliassiers. ito.

des Oiseaux praecoces, G-allinacees, &c.

4to.

Tableau synoptique de I'Ordi'e des Herons. 4to.

comparatif des Ineptes et des Autruches. 4to.

Oruitbologie fossile. &c. 4to.

Xotes sur le genre Moquinus, &c. 1857, 8vo.

The Author.
Bosquet (J.) Monograpbie des Crustaces fossiles du Terrain Cre-
tace du Ducbe de Limbourg. Haarlem, 1854, 4to.

He^tet Shabpe, Esq.

Notice sur quelques nouveaux Bracbiopodes du systeme

Maestricbtien. lb. 1854, 4to. Hexbt Shabpe, Esq.

Bow (J. B. de) Statistical \-iew of tbe ITuited States, being a
Compendium of tbe 7tb Census. Wasbington, 1854, 8vo.

J. Couch, Esq., E.L.S.

BromJield (W. A.) Elora Yectensis ; being a systematic descrip-
tion of tbe Flowering Pknts and Ferns, indigenous to tbe Isle
of Wigbt : edited by Sir W. J. Hooker, LL.D., and T. B. Salter,
M.D. London, 1856. 8yo. Miss Bromfield.

Letters from Egypt and Syria. Tb. 1856, 8vo.

Miss Bbomtield.
Burmeister (H.) Tbe Organization of Trilobites, deduced from
tbeir living Affinities : edited from tbe German by Prof. T. Bell
and Prof. E. Forbes. London, 1846, 4to.

He>~rt Shabpe, Esq.

Erlauterungen zur Faima Brasiliens. Berlin, 1856, fol. ---

The Author.

Syst^matische TJebersicbt der Tbiere Brasiliens, tbeil 2,

beft 2 & 3. lb. 1855-1856, 8vo. The Author.

Caspary (E.) ITeber "\\'arme-Entwictelung in der Blxitbe der
Victoria regia. Berlin, 1856, 8vo. The Author.

Coucb (J.) Translation of Pliny's Xatural History ; edited by tbe
AVemerian Club, parts 1-13. London, 1847-9, Svo.

The Trait slator.

Description of tbe Fossils found near Trelawny, in tbe parisb

of Peh-nt, Cornwall. 1855, 8vo. The Author.

On a supposed new species of tbe fossil genus Astrjea, found

in Cornwall. Svo. The Author.

LI]!sX. PBGC. '^

1 additions to the libkaet.

Titles. Donobs.

Goucli (J.) Natural History of tlie Fishes of the United Kingdom,
with a particular reference to the Fisheries. MS. {Quoted in
TarrelVs Hist. Brit. Fishes as the ''Oouch M8S.")

The Author.
Daniell (W. F.) The Copals of Western Africa. 1857, 8vo.

The Author.

Daubeny (C.) Address to the Members of the British Association.

1856, 8vo. The Author.

DeCandoUe (A.) Prodromiis Systematis Naturalis Eegni Vege-

tabilis, pars 14, sectio 1. Parisiis, 1856, 8vo.
Duehartre (P.) Note sur deux faits de Teratologie Vegetale.
Paris, 1844, 8vo. The Author.

Sur 1' Organogenie de la fleur, &c., chez les plantes a placenta

central libre. lb. 1844, 8vo. The Author.

Note sur I'anatomie de I'Orobanche Eryngii, Vauch. lb.

1845, 8vo. The Author.

— Sur r Organogenie de la fleur. . .des Malvacees. lb. 1845, 8vo.

The Author.

— Note sur I'Hypopitys multiflora, Scoj). lb. 1846, 8vo.

The Author.

— Note sur une monstruosite de Narcissus tubajformis, Dur.
lb. 1846, 8vo. The Author.

— Sur r Organogenie florale des Caryophyllees. lb. 1846, 8vo.

The Author.

Sur r Organogenie florale, &c. ... des Nyctaginees. lb.

1848, 8vo. The Author.

— Sur les Embryons qui ont et^ decrits comme Polycotyles.
lb. 1848, 8vo. The Author.

— Note sur des feuilles ramiferes des Tomates. lb. 8vo.

The Author.

— Tentamen methodicse divisionis generis Aristolochise,...novi-
que generis Holostylis. lb. 8vo. The Author.

Experiences sur des Boutures droites et renversees. lb.

1854, 8vo. The Author.

Famille des Aristolochiees. lb. 1854, 8vo. The Author.

Influence de I'humidite sur la direction des Eacines, lb.

1856, 8vo. The Author.

Experiences sur la vegetation des plantes Epiphytes. lb.

1856, 8vo. The Author.

Dumeril (A.) Ichthyologie analytique : ou Essai d'une classifica-
tion naturelle des Poissons. Paris, 1856, 4to, The Author.

ADDITIONa TO THE LIBEAEY. ll

Titles. Donors.

Dumeril (A.) Description des Reptiles nouveaux on imparfaite-
ment comius...du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 2^°*^ Me'moire.
4to. The Atjthob.

Eapport siir les travaux de la Societe Imp. zoologique d'Ac-

climatation, en 1S55. Paris, 8vo. The Author.

Durand (E.) Plantae Kaueanse Groenlaudicse. Enumeration of
Plants collected by Dr. E. Kane, U.S.N., in his 1st and 2nd
expedition to the Polar Eegions. 4to. The Authoe ?

Engelmann (G.) Synopsis of the Cactacese of the United States
and adjacent regions. Cambridge (Mass.), 1856, Svo.

The Authoe.

Favre (A.) Observations sur les Diceras. Geneve, 1843, 4to.

Henet Shaepe, Esq.

Forbes (E.) History of British Star-fishes and other Echinoder-
mata, parts 1, 3, 4 & 6. London, 1840-41, 8vo.

ElCHAED KiPPIST, LiBR. L.S.

parts 2 & 5. Ih. 1840, 8vo.

The Publtshee, John Van Voorst, Esq.

Frauenfeld (G.) Naturhistorische Fragmente, gesammelt auf einer

Eeise am Eothen Meere in 1855. 8vo. The Author.

Ueber eine neue Fliegengattung (Raymondia) aus der Fa-

milie der Coriaceen ; nebst Beschreibung zweier Arten der-
selben. 1855, Svo. The Author.

Die Gattung Carj^chium. 1856, 8vo. The Author.

Gaspariui (G.) Osservazioni sopra Taluni Rimedi proposti contra
alia Malatia della Vite. 1856, 4to.

The Academy oe Sciences, Naples.

Hanbury (D.) On Storax. London, 1857, Svo. The Author,

Henfrey (A.) Elementary Introduction to Vegetable Physiology.
London, 1856, Svo. The Author.

Hill (E.) A Week at Port Eoyal, Montego Bay (Jamaica).
1855, 12mo. The Author.

Hitchcock (E.) Catalogues of the Animals and Plants of Massa-
chusetts. Amherst, 1835, Svo. Hugh Cuming, Esq., F.L.S.

Hogg (J.) On the distribution of certain species of freshwater
Fish ; and on the modes of fecundating the Ova of the Salmo-
nidse. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1856, Svo. The Author.

Hooker (W. J.) Flora of Tasmania, part 3. London, 1856, 4to.

The Authoe and Publishee.

Jordan (A.) De I'origiue des diverses variete's ou especes d' Arbres
fruitiers, &c. Paris, 1853, Svo. The Author.

d2

lii ADDITIONS TO THE LIBKABX.

Titles. Donoes.
Jordan (A.) Menioire sur I'^gilops triticoides, &c. Ih. 1856,
8vo. The Author.
Nouveau M(^moire sur la question relative aux ^gilops triti-
coides et speltaeformis. Ih. 1857, 8vo. The Authoe.
Journals : —

Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Parties Zoologique et Bota-
nique. 4eme serie, tome 4, no. 6, tome 5, & tome 6, nos. 1, 2.
Paris, 1855-6, 8vo.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 2nd Series, nos. 103-
114. London, 1856-7, 8vo.

Etchaed Tatloe, Esq., F.L.S.

Botanical Magazine ; edited by Sir W. J. Hooker, K.H., P.E.S.

and L.S. 3rd Series, nos. 139-150. London, 1856-57,

Svo.

Canadian Naturalist and Greologist, vol. 2, uo. 1. Montreal,

1857, 8vo. The'Editoes?

Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer for 1856 ; edited by H. T.

Stainton, Esq. London, 8vo. The Editoe.

Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany ; edited by Sir

W. J. Hooker, K.H., &c. Nos. 90-101. London, 1856-57,

8vo. The Publisher, L. Eeeve, Esq., F.L.S.

Linnaea ; herausgegeben von D.F.L. von Scblechtendal. Band 27,

heft 1, 5 & 6, & band 28, heft 1-3. Halle, 1855-6, 8vo.

The Editor.
Literary Gazette, New Series, nos. 19-44, & nos. 2085-2108.
London, 1856-57, 4to.

The Publisher, L. Eeeve, Esq., F.L.S.
Medical Independent ; by Drs. Goadby, Kane, and Eobinson.
Nos. 4-6, & vol. 2, nos. 1-4. Detroit, U.S., 1856, 8vo.

H. Goadby, M.D., F.L.S.

Natural History Eeview. Nos. 11 & 12. London, 1856, Svo.

The Geological Society oe Dublin.

Neue Alpina; eine Schrifb, der Schweitzerischen Naturge-

schichte, &c. gewidmet : herausgegeben von J. E. Stein-

miiller. Band 1 & 2. Winterthur, 1821-27, 8vo.

The Natueal Histoey Society, Basle.

Nya Botaniska Notiser : utgifne af K. F. Thedenius. Nos.1-4

for 1856. Stockholm, 8vo. The Editoe.

Nyt Magazin for Natiu'videnskaberne : udgives. . . . ved Chr.

Langberg. Bind 7, 8, & 9, heft 1 & 2. Christiania, 1853-56,

Svo. E. C. Alexander, Esq., M.D., F.L.S.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBBAEY. liii

Titles. Donoes.

Journals {continued) : —

. Oesterreicliisches Botanisclies Woclienblatt, fur Botaniker,

Aertzte, &c. ; redigirt von Alex. Skofitz. Jahrg. 1-3. Wien,

1851-53, 8vo. The Editoe, through De. Seeman:s^, T.L.S.

Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions ; edited by Jacob BeU,

Esq., E.L.S. Xos. 181-192. London, 1856-57, 8yo.

The Editob.
Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 4th Series,
nos. 75-88. Loudon, 1856-57, 8vo.

EiCHAED Tatloe, Esq., F.L.S.

Phytologist : New Series, nos. 15-26. London, 1856-57, 8vo.

The Publishee, W. Pampli:??, Esq., A.L.S.

Quarterly Journal of Dental Science. No. 1. London, 1857,

8vo. The Peopeietoes, Messes. "Walton and Co.

Quarterly Joiu-nal of Microscopical Science ; by E. Lankester,

M.D., and G-. Busk, Esq. Nos. 16-19. London, 1856-57,

8vo. The Miceoscopical Society.

Zoologist ; edited by E. Newman, Esq., E.L.S. Nos. 165-170,

& nos. 178-178. London, 1856-57, 8to. The Editoe.

Kinahan (J. E,.) Eemarks on the habits, &c. of Marine Crustacea

on the E. shores of Port Phillip, Australia. 1856, 8vo.

The Authoe.

Koppen (P. von) Ueber Pflanzen-AccHmatisirung in Eussland.

St. Petersburg, 1856, 8vo. E. Wakefield, Esq., E.L.S.

Lees (E.) Pictures of Nature in the Silurian Region, around the

Malvern Hills and Yale of Severn, &c. Malvern, 1856, 12mo.

The Authoe.

Lindsay (W. L.) Histology of the Cholera Evacuations in Man and

the Lower Animals. (Edinburgh), 1856, 8vo. The Authoe.

Monograph of the genus Abrothallus. 8vo. The Authoe.

Linne (C. von) Yollstandiges Natursystem ; nach der 12"° latei-

nischen Ausgabe . . . ; ausgefertiget, von P, L. S. Muller. TheU 1-6.

Niirnberg, 1773-75, 8vo. James Yates, Esq., M.A., E.L.S.

Lowe (E. J.) Natural History of Eerns, British and Exotic, pts.

15-38. London, 1856-57, 8vo. The Authoe.

Martins (C.) La Geographie Botanique, et ses progres. 1856, 8vo.

The Authoe ?

Meyer (J.) Oratio de Origine hujus TJniversi. Harderovici, 1720,

4to, J. Couch, Esq., F.L.S.

ISIoore (T.) Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland (Nature-printed),

parts 16 & 17. London, 1856, fol. Heney Bradbuey, E.-5q.

liv ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEAEY.

Titles. Donobs,

Moore (T.) Illustratioiis of Orchidaceous Plants, parts 14-18.
Ih. 1856-57, 8vo. The Authoe.

Index Filicum ; a Synopsis of the Grenera, and an Enume-
ration of the Species, of Ferns. No. 1. Ih. 1857, 12mo.

The Authoe.
Ode (J.) Oratio de laudabili Priscorum Hominum Philosophandi
methodo. Traj. ad Ehenum, 1723, 4to.

J. Couch, Esq., F.L.S.

Parlatore (E.) Elogio di Eilippo Barker Webb. Firenze, 1856,

4to. The Authob.

Passerini (Gr.) Gli Insetti, autore delle Galle del Terebinto e del

Lentisco, &c. 1856, 8vo. B. Seemann, Esq., Ph.D., F.L.S.

Pringsheim (N.) TJeber die Befruchtung vuid Keimung der Algen ;

und das Wesen des Zeugungsactes. Berlin, 1855, 8vo.

The Authoe.

Ueber Befruchtung und Generationswechsel der Algen

2*" aufsatz. Ih. 1856, 8vo. The Authoe.

Quetelet (A.) Observations des Phenomenes periodiques. 4to.

The Authoe.

Sur le Climat de la Belgique, Bruxelles, 1857, 4to.

The Authoe.

Happort sur I'etat et les travaux de I'Observatoire Eoyal,

en 1856. 1856, 8vo. The Authoe.

Kadllcofer (L.) Der Befruchtuugsprocess im Pflanzeni'eiche, und
sein Verhaltniss zu dem im Thierreiche. Leipzig, 1857, 8vo.

The Authoe.

Eeeve (L.) Conchologia Iconica : Monographs of the genera Am-
pullaria, Cancellaria, Navicella, Nerita, Neritiua, Siphonaria,
and Spondylus. London, (1855-56), 4to. The Authoe.

Eichardson (Sir J.) and Wilson (J.) Article Ichthyology, from
the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 8th edition. 4to.

SiE John Eichaedson, C.B., F.E. & L.S.

Euiz (H.) and Pavon (J.) Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis Pro-
dromus, &c. Madrid, 1794, fol., and

Flora Peruviana et Chilensis, torn. 1 & 2. Matriti,

1798-99, fol. EicHAED Kippist, Libe. L.S.

Sack (Baron A. von) Narrative of a Voyage to Surinam, and of a
residence there during 1805, 1806 and 1807. London, 1810,
4to. J. Couch, Esq., F.L.S.

Sars (M.) Fauna littoralis Norvegise. l'""' heft. Christiania, 1846,
fol. E. C. Alexandee, Esq., M.D., F.L.S.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEAKY. Iv

Titles. Do>'oits.

Saussure (H. de) Xouvelles considerations sur la Xidification des

Guepes. Geneve, 1855, 8vo. The Authoe.

Schacht (H.) The Microscope, and its application to Vegetable

Anatomy and Physiology ; edited by F. Currey, M,A. 2nd edit.

London, 1855, 12nio. The Editor.

Sclater (P. L.) Synopsis of the Fissirostral family Bucconidfe,

London, 1854, 8vo. The AriHOE.

Monograph of the Tanagrine genus Calliste. lb. 1856, 8vo,

The Author.

Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum. Ih. 1856, 8vo.

The ArTHOH.

Seemann (B.) Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. ' Herald,' under

the command of Capt. H. Kellett, E.N., in 1845-51, parts 7-9.

London, 1856, 4to. The ArTHOB.

Sharpe (J. B.) Tropical Vegetable Fibres : an Address to the

Chamber of Commerce, Dundee. London, 1857, 8vo.

The AriHOB.

Siebold (C. T. E. von) On a true Parthenogenesis in Moths and

Bees ; translated by W. S. Dallas, F.L.S. London, 1857, 8vo.

The Publisher, John Van Voorst, Esq., F.L.S.

Smith (J.) Enumeration of the Filices, Lycopodiace*, &c. of N.W.

Mexico. 4to. The Author.

Stainton (H. T.) Ed. Entomologist's Annual for 1857. London,

Svo. The Editor.

Tilbiu'g (N.) Oratio inaug. de Generatione Viventium quam di-

cunt Univoea. Groningse, 1724, 4to.

J. Couch, Esq., F.L.S.
Van den Honert (J.) Praes., Diss, inaug. de Servitute. Eesp. auct.
J. E. J. Capitein {Afer). Lugd. Batav. 1742, 4to.

J. Couch, Esq., F.L.S.

Praes., Diss, inaug. de ortu et incremento Feet as Humani.

Resp. M. Akinside. Lugd. Batav. 1744, 4to.

J. Couch, Esq., F.L.S.
Van der Hoeven (J.) Tabulae Eegni Animalis, secundum Enchi-
ridium Zoologiciun. Ed. 2. Lugd. Batav. 1856. (1 sheet.)

The Author.
Van Lom (J. H.) Oratio de vincido necessario Eationis cum
Experientia, in Scientia ISTatiu-ali. Harderovici, 1735, 4to,

J. Couch, Esq., F.L.S.

Vitriario (J. J.) Praes., Disp. inaug. de Spatio Vacuo. Eesp. G.

ab Irhoven. Lugd. Batav. 1721, 4to. J. Couch, Esq., F.L.S.

Ivi ADDITIOIfS TO THE LIBEART.

Titles. Donoes.

Weddell (H. A.) Monographie de la famille des Urticees. Paris,

1856, 4to. The ArTHOR.

"Wesselio (J.) Praes., Disp. inaug. de Elementis Corporum. Resp.

G-. Osteiis. Lugd. Batav. 1728, 4to. J. Couch, Esq., P.L.S.

"Wittich (J.) Oratio inaug. de Evidentia et Certitudine. Lugd.

Batav. 1718, 4to. J . CorcH, Esq., E.L.S.

Anon. —

Catalogue of the different specimens of Cloth collected in the
three voyages of Capt. Cook. London, 1787, ^to.

EicHAED Chambers, Esq., E.L.S.
Discoveries of the Erench in 1768 and 1769, to the S.E. of IVew
Guinea (translated from the Erench). London, 1791, 4to.

J. CoircH, Esq., E.L.S.
Memorial Historique. W. J. Broderip. Paris, 1856, 8vo.

Peoeessoe Ovten, E.L.S.
Specimen Tables, calculated and stereomoulded by the Swedish
Calculating Machine. London, 1857, 8vo.

Edward Scheutz, Esq:

Ivii

DONATIONS

MUSEUM OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

[Continued from vol. I. page Ixiv.]

Donations. Donoes.

Dried Specimens of Zanthoxylon piperitum (DeC.) from Hang

Chow, China : and of IAquidm)ibar orientale, Mill., .from the

coast of Asia Minor. Daniel Hanbuet, Esq., F.L.S.

Specimens of the fruit and bark of Khaya senegalensis ; seeds of

the Poison-tree of Senegambia (FillcEa suaveolens) ; and samples

of four species of Coffee, from Sierra Leone and other localities

of Western Africa. W. F. Daniell, Esq., M.D., F.L.S.

Dried Specimens of Plants from the neighbourhood of Moreton

Bay ; collected by Mr. Charles Moore.

Thomas Mooee, Esq., F.L.S.
Specimens, in fruit, of Wellingtonia gigantea, Taxodhvm semper-

virens, and other Coniferce, collected in California by Mr.

Bridges. Thomas Bbidges, Esq.

Specimens of Plants from the ' Lomas,' or Desert Mountains of

Iquique, Peru: collected by W. Bollaert, Esq.

E. H. ViNEN, Esq., M.D., F.L.S.
Specimens of the pod of a species of Cassia (C, bacillaris ?), used

medicinally in New Granada. T. N. E. Moeson, Esq., E.L.S.
Engraved Portrait of Dr. A. Bertoloni, E.M.L.S. Db.Beetoloni

LINN. PEOC.

PROCEEDINGS

OlF THE

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON,

November 5th, 1857.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

The Secretary announced that during the recess an additional
pair of Cabinets for the Society's Collection of Pruits and Seeds
had been presented by Thomas Corbyn Janson, Esq., E.L.S. ; and
the special thanks of the Society were directed to be presented to
Mr. Janson for this useful and acceptable present.

Dr. Berthold Seemann, E.L.S. , read a detailed report of his
visit to Montreal, as the representative of the Linnean Society at
the Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science in that city, of which the following is an abstract : —

Availing himself of the free passage placed at the disposal of
the Linnean Society by the liberaKty of the British and North
American Eoyal Mail Steam Packet Company, Dr. Seemann em-
barked at Liverpool on the 25th of July, on board the ' Persia,'
and arrived at 'New York on the 5tli of August. Thence he
continued his journey by railway, via Albany and Burlington, to
Montreal, which he reached a few days previous to the commence-
ment of the meeting, and was most hospitably received, and treated
with much consideration by the Local Committee, including Sir
AVniiam Logan, F.E.S. (the Chairman), the Lord Bishop of Mon-
treal, Professor Dawson, and other distinguished men. On the
11th, Dr. Seemann was introduced by Lieut.-Colonel Munro,

LINN. PBGC. a

11 PEOCEEDIN&S OF THE

F.L.S., at his conversazione, to Professor Caswell, of New Pro-
vidence, tlie Acting President, and to Professor Levering, of
Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Secretary of the Meeting ; and on
the following day presented to them the official letter of the
President of the Linnean Society, of which he was the bearer.
Both gentlemen expressed themselves highly gratified with the
attention shown by the Linnean Society in sending a delegate to
the meeting, and showed him marked attention during its con-
tinuance. He was also introduced in his official capacity to Sir
"W. Eyre, K.C.B., Acting Governor- G-eneral of Canada, who com-
plimented the Linnean Society on the encouragement given by it
to the first meeting of the American Association held on British
ground. The meetings were held in the New Court House at
Montreal, commencing on the 12th of August and lasting for a
week. Professor Caswell opened the session with a powerful
speech, in the course of which he announced the presence of
delegates from the Geological and Linnean Societies of London,
and introduced Professor Eamsay and Dr. Seemann to the meeting.
La his reply, Dr. Seemann took occasion to express the high
esteem and respect of the Linnean Society for the American Asso-
ciation, and the deep interest with which the Society regarded its
labours, and to offer in the name and on the behalf of the Linnean
Society the most sincere wishes for the unabated continuance of
that success which had hitherto attended it. The number of
members attending the meeting amounted to upwards of five
hundred, the greater part of whom had come from the United
States, although Canada and the other British provinces of North
America were, in proportion to their extent and population,
equally well represented. It was generally considered to be one
of the most successful meetings that had been held in any part of
the American continent. Geologists were in great force ; Phy-
sicists and Ethnologists were also numerous ; but there was a
comparatively small attendance of Botanists and Zoologists. Dr.
Seemann attended daily, and at one of the meetings read a Paper
" On the so-called Parthenogenesis in Animals and Plants," in
which he presented a summary of the present state of that inter-
esting question. Two other Eellows of the Linnean Society were
also present at the meeting, viz. the Bev. "William Hincks, Pro-
fessor of Natural History in the University of Toronto, and Lieut.-
Colonel Munro, in command of the 39th Begiment, stationed at
Montreal, both of whom showed Dr. Seemann great attention.
Of our Foreign Members, there were present. Professor Dana, of

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON, lU

New Haven (elected President of the Natural History Section),
and Dr. Torrey of New York. Of the scientific bodies of Europe
which had been invited to send delegates to this meeting, the
Geological and Linnean Societies of London were the only ones
that responded to the caU, and their representatives were also the
only Members who had come from Europe for the occasion. The
cordial reception which they met with, and the universal desire
expressed by the Americans for a more frequent intercourse with
their European brethren in science, took, on the occasion of the
last General Meeting, a substantive form in the following Eeso-
lution, moved by Professor Bache of Washington, and carried
by unanimous consent : — " That the American Association recog-
nizes with peculiar satisfaction the presence of eminent scientific
men from the Old World who have honoured this meeting with
their attendance, and it hopes that now, since the ice has been
broken, these meetings of fraternity among men of science from
difierent continents will be more frequent." On the 20th of
August, after the termination of the meeting, Dr. Seemann left
Montreal for the Palis of Niagara, the managers of the railroads
and steam-boats on the route kindly placing a free pass at his
disposal. Thence he proceeded, by way of Buffalo and Indianopolis,
to St. Louis, Missouri, where the Academy of Natural Sciences
elected him a Corresponding Member. On the 1st of September
he quitted St. Louis for New York to pay a visit to Dr. Torrey,
and from thence proceeded to Boston, where he was kindly re-
ceived by Professor Asa Gray. On the 9th he went on board the
steamer ' America,' and after touching at Halifax, reached Liver-
pool on the 22nd of the same month, after an absence from
England of fifty-nine days.

The thanks of the Society were voted to Dr. Seemann for the
readiness with which he had undertaken, and the ability with
which he had executed his mission.

Head, first, a " Note on the Occurrence of Phyllosoma commune
on the coast of Cornwall;" by Jonathan Couch, Esq., P.L.S,
(See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. ii. p. 146.)

Read, secondly, the commencement of a Memoir *' On the
Agamic Reproduction of i^phides;" by T. H. Huxley, Esq.,
P.R.S. Communicated by Professor Busk, Zool. Sec. L.S. (See
" Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 191.)

o2

IV PEOCEEDINGS OT THE

November 19th, 1857.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Charles Knight, Esq. ; George Gr. Macpherson, Esq. ; and
"Wilfred Dakin Speer, Esq., were elected Fellows.

Read the following letter from Lady Smith, the widow of the
Founder of the Society : —

" Lowestoft, 12th November, 1857.

" Gentlemen, — I hope you will do me the honour to ^.ccept
the accompanying nineteen volumes, comprising the whole of Sir
J. E. Smith's scientific correspondence from the time of his be-
coming possessed of the Collections of Linnaeus till his death in
1828. There are some among your number who, I believe, wiU
peruse these letters with a pleasure nearly equal to that I have
enjoyed in arranging them for the present object. They bear
ample testimony to the correctness of an observation Sir James
made long ago — ' That the pursuit of Natural History is an
unerring clue to an intercourse with the best minds.' A spirit
of affection and respect flows through the whole correspondence,
so that those who may take no interest in the pursuits that
occasioned this intercourse, will nevertheless be attracted by the
warmth of friendship, the confidence and personal attachment and
esteem that pervade the whole.

" I have two conditions to propose concerning these volumes.
The first is, that they shall not be taken from the Society's rooms
for perusal.

" The second, that if ia the course of events the Society of which
you are members should cease to exist, or merge into any other
Society, I wish these volumes to escape beiag dispersed, and desire
they may be placed in the British Museum with the Library of
Sir Joseph Banks, and there preserved.

" Trusting that such a disposition of them may long be averted
by your contiauance as a Society, in which I feel the deepest
interest, I remain. Gentlemen, with great respect,

" Toiir faithful Servant,
(Signed) " Pleasance Smith."

" To tlie President m>,d Fellows of the Linnean Society."

On the motion of Dr. Boott, seconded by C. Cardale Babington,

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. V

Esq., it was resolved that the cordial and affectionate thanks of
the Society be given to Lady Smith for her invaluable present.

Read, first, a " Notice of Four Varieties of British Plants ;" by
John Hogg, Esq., M.A., E.E.S., F.L.S. (See " Botanical Pro-
ceedings," vol. ii. p. 133.)

Read, secondly, a " Notice of a Monstrosity of Seahiosa succisa,
L., and of some other Vegetable Monstrosities;" by Professor
Bentley, E.L.S.

Read, thirdly, a "Note on a diseased bunch of Grapes;" by
M. T. Masters, Esq. Communicated by the Secretary.

Read, fourthly, " A short Exposition of the Structure of the
Ovule and Seed-coats of Magnolia;'' by Asa Gray, M.D., E.M.L.S.
(See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. ii. p. 106.)

Read, fifthly, " Notes of a Botanical Ramble in the North of
Spain;" by Joseph "Woods, Esq., E.L.S. (See "Botanical Pro-
ceedings," vol. ii. p. 111.)

December 3rd, 1857.

Thomas BeU, Esq., President, in the Chau\

Thomas Allis, Esq., and Henry Letheby, Esq., M.B., were
elected Fellows.

Professor Owen, F.R.S., F.L.S., exhibited specimens of the pods
of Oleditsia triacanthos, L., which had ripened fully and abundantly
in his garden in Richmond Park, during the present year. ,

Read, first, " Observations on Entozoa, with descriptions of
several new species;" by Thomas S. Cobbold, Esq., M.D., F.L.S.
(See "Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 155.)

Read, secondly, a Paper " On the genus of Annelida, named
' Palolo ' by the Samodas ;" by J. D. M'Donald, Esq. Communi-
cated by George Busk, Esq., F.R.S,, Zool. Sec. L.S. (See
" Transactions," vol. xxii. p. .)

VI PBOCEEDINGS 01" THE

December 17tli, 1857.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Edward "William Cooke, Esq., A.E.A., and Eraneis Day, Esq.,
were elected Eellows.

Eead, first, a Memoir " On the Zoology of New Guinea;" by
Philip Lutley Sclater, Esq., M.A., E.L.S. (See " Zoological Pro-
ceedings," vol. ii. p. 149.)

Eead, secondly, a " Botanical Eeport on the North- Australian
Expedition, under the command of A. C. Grregory, Esq. ;" by Dr.
Eerdinand Miiller, Botanist to the Expedition. Communicated
by the Colonial Office. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. ii.
p. 137.)

. Eead, thirdly, " Notes on Dr. Asa Gray's Observations on the
Ovules and Seed-coats of Magnolia ;" by JohnMiers, Esq., E.E.S.,
E.L.S.

January 21st, 1858.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, iu the Chair.

Walter Lowry Buller, Esq. ; "William Charles Hood, Esq., M.D. ;
William Lauder Lindsay,Esq.,M.D. ; John Lubbock, Esq.; Buxton
Shillitoe, Esq. ; and Francis Cornelius Webb, Esq., M.D., were
elected Fellows.

Among the presents were specimens of the fruits of PJiysiantJius
alhens and Steplianotis floribimda, ripened in Cornwall, the former
in the open air and the latter in a greenhouse, presented by Mrs.
Fox, of Grove Hill, near Falmouth ; of the fruit of Kcelreuteria
paniculata, ripened (for the first time) during the past autumn,
in Chelsea Garden, presented by Thomas Moore, Esq., F.L.S. ;
and a specimen of the fruit of Ailantus glandidosa, ripened, last
autumn, at Stoke Newington, near London, presented by Eichard
Kippist, Esq., Librarian L.S.

Eead, first, an Extract of a Letter from Dr. Baikie to Sir John

LTNNEAK SOCIETT OF LONDON. VU

Eiehardson, M.D., C.B., F.E.S. and E.L.S., dated 29th October,
1857, at !Rabba on the Quorra, giving some account of tbe pro-
ceedings of the Expedition under his charge up to that date. (See
" Zoological Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 76.)

Eead, secondly, a Note " On the importance of a Microscopic
Study of the Integuments in Crustacea;" by T. Spence Bate,
Esq., E.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 1.)

Eead, thirdly, the conclusion of Professor Huxley's Memoir
" On the Agamic Eeproduction of Aphides ;" commenced at the
meeting of November 5th, 1857.

Eebruary 4th, 1858.
Francis Boott, Esq., M.D., Vice-President, in the Chair.
Peter Squire, Esq., was elected a EeUow.

Eead, first, a Memoir " On the Shell-beariug Molluscous Animals
with reference to Structure and Eorm ;" by Eobert Garner, Esq.,
E.L.S.

Eead, secondly, an Extract of a Letter addressed to Professor
Bentley, E.L.S., by Mr. Barter, the Naturalist accompanying the
Expedition up the Quorra, dated Eabba, September 29th, 1857.

Eead, thirdly, a Paper " On the Question whether Linnaeus, in
a spirit of ill-will, altered the spelling of the name of the genus
Buffonia^^^ by Mons. A. L. A. Eee, Professor of Botany of the
Faculty of Medicine at Strasburg. Communicated by Thomaa
Moore, Esq., E.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. ii. p. 183.)

Eead, lastly, a " Note on M. Eee's communication;" by John
Joseph Bennett, Esq., E.E.S., Sec. L.S. (See "Botanical Pro-
ceedings," vol. ii. p. 188.)

Eebruary 18th, 1858.
William Baird, Esq., Member of Council, in the Chair.
Alexander Fry, Esq., was elected a FeUow.

Vm PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

Read, first, a Memoir " On the Muscles of the Larvae of several
species of Tipulidce;^' by John Lubbock, Esq., !F.L.S. (See
"Transactions," vol, xsii. p. 173.)

Eead, secondly, a "Note on the genus Semigymnia, G-riffith;"
by Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., E.E.S., E.L.S. (See " Botanical
Proceedings," vol. ii. p. 126,)

Bead, thirdly, a Paper " On the probable Metamorphoses of
Fedicularia and other genera of Gasteropoda ;" by J, D. M'Donald,
Esq., E.N. Communicated by George Busk, Esq., E.E-,S,, Zool,
Sec. L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. .)

Read, fourthly, a " Monograph of the Eucalypti of Tropical
Australia;" by Perdinand Miiller, Ph.D. Communicated by Dr.
Hooker, Y.P.E.S., P.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iii.
p. 81.)

Bead, fifthly, a Paper " On the Anatomy of Eurylia Gaudi-
chaudi, as beaiing on the position of the Eteropoda\^ by J. D.
M'Donald, Esq., E,N. Communicated by the Zoological Secre-
tary. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii, p, .)

March 4th, 1858,
J. D. Hooker, Esq., Member of Council, in the Chair.
Mr. Allan Black was elected an Associate.

Mr. Ward, P.E.S., presented specimens of "White or Pat Turf
from the Island of A^alentia in the west of Ireland ; and a letter
was read addressed to Mr. Ward by Dr. Lecky, giving some
accovmt of the substance.

Eead, first, a Note " On Pseudocentrum, a new genus of OrcM-
dacece from Peru;" by Professor Lindley, F.E.S., P,L.S, (See
" Botanical Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 63.)

Eead, secondly, a second part of Professor Lindley's " Contri-
butions to the Orchidology of India." (See " Botanical Proceed-
ings," vol. iii. p. 1.)

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. IX

Eead, thirdly, a Memoir "On the Tribe Legnotidece ;" by George
Bentham, Esq., T.L.S. (See "Botanical Proceedings," vol. iii.
p. 65.)

Eead, fourthly, a " Synopsis of the Fructification of the com-
pound SphcericB of the Hookerian Herbarium;" by Frederick
Currey, Esq., E.L.S, (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. .)

March 18th, 1858.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

John Cockle, Esq., M.D., and William Hitchman, Esq., M.D.,
were elected Fellows.

Among the presents was a cast of a Bust of the late Dr. Pereira,
F.E.S., F.L.S., presented by Mrs. Pereira, to whom the cordial
thanks of the Society were voted for her very acceptable present.

Eead, fii'st, " Contributions to the Anatomy and Natural His-
tory of the Cetacea;" by Eobert Knox, M.D., F.E.S.E. Com-
municated by the Secretary. (See " Zoological Proceedings,"
vol. iii. p. 63.)

Eead, secondly, "A Note on the genus Ahuta'" by N. Grise-
bach, Professor of Botany in the University of Gottingen. Com-
municated by Dr. Hooker, F.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings,"
vol. iii. p. 108.)

April 1st, 1858.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Eobert W. Hall, Esq., was elected a FeUow.

Mr. Bentham, F.L.S. , exhibited specimens of Asteranthos, Desf.,
collected by Mr. Spruce on the Eio Negro in Northern Brazil
and read some observations on its history and affinities. (See
"Botanical Proceedings,"- vol. iii. p. 80.)

Eead, "Contributions to Organographic Botany;" by Chris-
topher Dresser, Esq. Commvmicated by the Secretary.

X PROCEEDINGS OF THE

April 15th, 1858.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

"William IVederick Saunders, Esq., was elected a EeUow.

Bead, first, a " Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects, collected
at Celebes by Mr. A. E. Wallace;" by Frederick Smith, Esq.
Communicated by W. "W. Saimders, Esq., Y.P.L.S. (See " Zoo-
logical Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 4.)

Eead, secondly, a Paper " On some tuberiform Vegetable Pro-
ductions from China;" by the Eev. M. J. Berkeley, M.A., E.L.S.
(See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 102.)

Eead, thirdly, "Notes on Arctic Plants;" by George Dickie,
M.D., A.L.S., Prof. Nat. Hist. Queen's Coll. Belfast. (See
" Botanical Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 109.)

May 6th, 1858.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Eardley Gr. Culling Eardley, Esq., was elected a EeUow ; and
Professor Albert KoeUiker, and Professor Karl Theodor Ernest
von Siebold, were elected Foreign Members.

S. James A. Salter, Esq., E.L.S., exhibited a liviag specimen of
a species of Eat, frequently observed of late on board of vessels in
British ports, and made some observations on the characters by
which it is distiaguished from the original British Eat {Mus
Mattus, L.).

Eead, fixst, " Contributiones ad Acaciarum Australiae cogni-
tionem;" by Dr. Eerdinand Miiller. Commimicated by George
Bentham, Esq., E.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iii. p. .)

Eead, secondly, a Note " On a new species of Bellevalia from
Mount Ida;" by MaxweU T. Masters, Esq. Communicated by
the Secretary. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 113.)

Eead, thirdly, an " Enumeration of the Mosses of India;" by
WiUiam Mitten, A.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," Supple-
ment for 1858.)

LINNEAK SOCIETY OF LONDON. XI

May 24tli, 1858.

Anniversary Meeting.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

This day, the Anniversary of the birth of Linnaeus, and the day
appointed by the Charter for the Election of Council and Officers,
the President opened the business of the Meeting with the fol-
lowing Address : —

Gentlemen,
"When I first ventured to break through the previous custom of
the Society, by offering an address to the Pellows at the Anni-
versary, I felt that I must not depend upon always finding, in the
annual retrospect of our own doings, sufficient subject for the
occupation and amusement of the time allotted to that object.

On one or two former occasions I had indeed many circum-
stances of interest to communicate to you, relative to our removal
to the place of what I trust may prove our permanent abode, and
I last year took the advantage which that event offered me, of
adverting to the foundation, development and results of our
Society. As long as our circumstances were changing and our
final destiny was in abeyance or suspense, tliere were subjects
constantly presenting themselves sufficiently interesting to occupy
a due portion of the time which intervenes between the initiatory
routine of the day's business, and the final ceremony of the open-
ing of the ballot glasses. But the very settlement of our diffi-
culties, and the solution of our doubts, whilst filling us with the
happy sense of tlie fruition of our hopes and wishes, deprive me
of such themes for my address, and throw me again upon the
consideration of some of those means of increasing the prosperity
and thus extending the usefulness of ovir Society, which are indi-
cated by daily experience, and the ever-changing and progressing
march of natural knowledge.

AV^hen I last addressed you on a similar occasion to the present,
we had just entered upon the occupation of our new abode. We
could not then consider ourselves settled, scarcely even secure ;
but a twelvemonth's occupancy has now removed all doubt of the
absolute enjoyment of the advantages which we then only believed
in, and might almost tempt us to yield to a feehng of quiet and
satisfied security, and to adopt the sentiment of the Poet,

" Inveninms portum ; spes et fortuna, Talete ! "

Xll PROCEEDINGS OF THE

But if any such feeling of finality in our labours could ever
enter the mind or pervade the feelings of the Society, surely no-
thing could be more entirely misplaced, nothing more calculated
to interfere with the fulfilment of our great mission, and to para-
lyse those efibrts without which we must fail in carrying out the
objects of our corporate existence. It is, indeed, in our present
improved condition, with an increased income, enlarged communi-
cation vsdth the scientific world, and a closer association with
other scientific bodies, employed like ourselves zealously and con-
stantly in the advancement of knowledge, — with responsibilities
increased iu proportion to our means and the requirements of
scientific progress, — that we ought to recognize an irresistible
claim upon our energies, and fresh inducements to enter, with all
our powers, and with all the zeal which so noble an object de-
mands, upon the fulfilment of the duties which are imposed upon
us, and which we have solemnly accepted as our own.

That it is unnecessary, however, to employ any argument to
remiud the Society of those duties, or to stimulate it to their
fulfilment, is proved by the state of activity and vigour by which
it is at present characterized. The number and importance of the
communications which have occupied ovir ordinary meetings, where
we have no longer the necessity of listening to, or (jproh pudor \)
of nodding over the fortunately interminable commentary on the
Hortus Malabaricus, which served for so many years as a piece
de resistance, not to say a stop-gap, to prevent the formal expose
of our occasional literary bankruptcy, — these circiimstances, with
the usually satisfactory attendance at our meetings, show a degree
of active vitality which is at once a cause of thankful satisfaction
and of hopeful anticipation.

With reference to the latter portion of our functions, there is,
however, one point which calls for observation, and has been a
sovirce of great regret. I alluded to it at the last Anniversary,
and made some observations upon the subject, to which I am
sorry to have agaiu to recur. I mean the comparative paucity of
zoological communications when contrasted with the number and
extent of those devoted to the sister science.

The high character of many of those zoological papers which
we have received, does not render it less a matter for serious con-
sideration, whether some plan might not be adopted to efiect an
improvement in so important an element of our functions. That
the priucipal cause of the deficiency is to be sought in the same
direction as that to which I pointed on the former occasion, can-

LINKEAN SOCIETY OE LONDON. XIU

not be doubted. I mean the existence and working of minor
societies ; one pursuing a single isolated branch of zoology ; another
adopting an exclusive means of investigation, and thereby con-
tracting its sphere of information on any particular branch ; and
a third taking up the whole extent of the Animal Kingdom,
and thus antagonizing directly and throughout its entire scope,
that important portion of our own field of action; for there is
scarcely a meeting of any one of these departmental Societies,
as I may term them, at which there are not communications
read, which would deserve a place in our own Transactions or
Journal.

This subject has long engaged my most anxious attention, and
I cannot but hope that some plan might be wrought out, which
would enable this Society to afford the great advantage of its
acknowledged prestige, and the extensive circulation of its publi-
cations, to many of the more important of the communications to
which I refer. I do not profess satisfactorily to have matured
any such plan ; but I have thought much on the subject, and have
conferred with those whom I thought likely to afford me available
counsel ; and I will now take the liberty of laying before you some
thoughts respecting it, which, though crude, may induce those
whom I address to give it their consideration, and thus probably
lead to some practicable and available expedient.

At the same time it must be acknowledged that there are great
difficulties in the way of such an adjustment. The whole subject
of the relation between minor or branch societies and the parent
or central one, and the question of the utility to Science of such
dismemberment are involved in it. This is a matter to be ap-
proached with diffident and cautious, but I trust not without
hopeful consideration.

On the motives which usually lead to the establishment of
such societies it is not necessary to dwell at any length, and in
some instances I fear that any such investigation would appear
an invidious one. It it more important to endeavour to discover
the means by which such diversion of the stream of knowledge
into smaller collateral channels, shall be rendered innocuous or
useful, and temptation to further subdivision diminished.

It is an argument commonly urged by the advocates of such
dissociation as we are now considering, that it comes within the
same category as the great general question of the advantages
resulting from the subdivision of labour ; but it appears to me
that the analogy is altogether unreal, or at most very partial in

xiv PEOCEEDINaS OF THE

its application. "Were a Society, engaged in the promotion of any
great department of science, made to consist of various sections,
to each of which should appertain the cidtivation of one indivi-
dual branch, and each contributing its gains to the general treasury
of the whole body, the analogy would be true and comprehensible.
But far different from this is the case before us.

In the present instance the contributions of the different sec-
tions are wholly diverse in their direction and aim ; and the indi-
vidual bodies, so far from deriving strength and efficiency from
their separate action, are weakened like the segregated sticks of
the bundle in the fable, by the absence of mutual support and .
cooperation.

That a sincere anxiety and singleness of endeavour for the ac-
quisition and spread of scientific knowledge is the worthy motive
which induces many a zealous naturalist to join in and promote
the subdivision in question, cannot for a moment be doubted.
The overwhelming mass of daily additions to our knowledge of
mere isolated facts, the constant influx of newly discovered species,
having no obA^ous bearing on any question of moment, the geo-
graphical distribution of individual forms, the periodicity of the
various phases of animal functions and habits, and a thousand
other circumstances which, although unimportant in their indi-
vidual and unassoeiated entities, are yet worth preserving as
truths, or as having some future possible bearing upon more im-
portant generalization, appear to require some means by which
their record may be established and tlieir publicity secured ; and
this necessity has doubtless its bearing upon the utility of asso-
ciations having for their object the fixing and utilizing of such
otherwise evanescent units of knowledge. But it becomes again
a question whether their preservation might not be equally pro-
vided for, without the expense both of time and money which is
contingent upon the working of so many distinct bodies.

This observation leads me to consider for a moment another,
and I have reason to believe a very general reason for the exclusive
association of good and zealous men with some of the minor
societies. I mean the small comparative expense to which they
are subjected. This certainly appears, on the face of it, a very
plausible reason for abstaining from a union with the larger and
more expensive institutions. The difference between three gui-
neas and one guinea annually is so considerable, that I doubt not
there are many sincere and devoted naturalists to whom it would
just present the alternative between the propriety and prudence

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XV

of expending the one or the other in the enjoyment of their
favourite pursuit.

Eor myself, I have always heen the advocate for reducing the
annual subscription in Scientific Societies to the lowest sum con-
sistent with the efficient carrying out of their objects ; and I have
not only entertained myself, but proposed for the consideration of
my colleagues, the question whether some reduction might not be
adopted in our own annual contribution or entrance fee. My
full conviction, however, is that under existing circumstances
such reduction is utterlj'^ impracticable ; but how far this desirable
end would be furthered by the members of the minor societies
joining us, and thus at once increasing our income and strength-
ening our efficiency, is, I submit, worthy their consideration.
Besides this, if we even adhere to the argument of the quid pro
quo, it must be recollected that the Transactions and other
publications of those Societies are not presented to the members
without payment, whereas ours, often of considerable pecuniary
as well as intrinsic value, are given to every contributing Member
Avithout additional expense. Surely these advantages, which ap-
peal to the mere financial motive, in addition to the free use
of all tlie noble libraries now collected within these walls, are
more than an equivalent for the additional annual expense.
You will at once perceive that these remarks are only partially
applicable. There are some Institutions with pursuits collateral
with our own, which have not even the pecuniary plea for
separation.

I am too well aware, however, of the importance of the contri-
butions to Natural Science emanating from the various societies
to which I have referred, to look with indifierence or lack of re-
spect upon their labours. I know fuU well that many of the most
important works of the first naturalists of our age and country
have come before the public under the auspices of these associa-
tions ; that the Transactions of the Zoological Society are half-
filled with the contributions of the most eminent natui-alists of
this coimtry ; that those of the Microscopical and Entomological
Societies contain papers of great value on recondite physiological
subjects, or learned generalizations on some of the most interest-
ing branches of Natural History. But it must be remembered
that the separate working of each of these bodies is attended
with great expense, independent of that which is required by the
mere publication of each individual paper in connexion with others,
and that this expense would be greatly lessened in each case,

XVI PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

were the power by which the separate bodies are moved, conceu-
trated into one great machine.

In Botanical Science this distribution of the means of recording
discovery has not been thought necessary ; and it would certainly
appear somewhat strange if we were to hear of the formation of a
Hanunculaceous Society, as distinguished from a Liliaceous, or even
a Cryptogamic as iadependent of, and antagonistic to, a Phanero-
gamic Society. Yet, viewed with relation to the true principles
of classification, there appears to be no more incongruity in these
absurd examples, than in the separation of the Entomologists from
other cultivators of Natural History, and still more, the subdivi-
sion of the former into Coleopterists and Lepidopterists, and the
latter into as many branchlets as there are groups in the great
order of scaled-winged insects.

In the vegetable kingdom, the Linnean Society is the main
recipient of contributions to that important branch of natural
science in this country ; and I rejoice as heartily as the most ex-
clusive votary at the shrine of Flora, at the vigorous strides which
that charming science is making, and at the high character of the
papers in that department of Natural History which appear in
our ovra. publications. I feel it to be matter of honest congratu-
lation, that the Society has been so long, and still continues to be,
the medium of thus contributing to the diffusion of botanical
knowledge throughout the world. It is not because I have been
led more particularly into the study of animal existences, that I
can have any wish to see Zoology occupy an undue or predominant
situation in our proceedings here. It would ill become me, in
the position in which you have done me the honour to place me,
to exhibit or to feel any partiality for either. Not Dido herself
could have uttered with more sincerity than I do, " Tros Tyriusve
mihi nullo discrimine agetur." It has, I hope, been the guiding
principle of my conduct, certainly of my intentions, since I have
occupied this chair ; but I cannot but consider it most desirable
and important that a Society like ours, professedly devoted equally
to the two branches, and with all the machinery necessary for the
equal promotion of both, should not have its means curtailed, and
its usefulness impaired in relation either to one or the other.
The relative number of contributions to our Society during .the
past year in the two departments, exclusive of statements of
isolated facts, or passing and ephemeral subjects, gives force to
my present appeal, and shows the reality of my complaint.

In the remarks which I have considered it my duty to make

tlNNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XVIX

upon this difficult and somewhat distasteful subject, I hope it is
unnecessary for me to declare that I have not been actuated by
any feeling inconsistent with a full appreciation of, and sincere
respect for, those scientific bodies on whose relation to ourselves
I have animadverted, and of admiration of the results of their
labours. Still less is it possible that I could entertain any feeling
of personal or corporate rivalry. Many of the most distinguished
members of those very Institutions are our fellow-members here,
our personal friends and joint labourers in the same field. Nay,
many are at this moment within the hearing of the unpalatable
truths which I have felt called upon to utter. But I have consi-
dered it right to speak plainly my thoughts upon a matter which
has long caused me great anxiety, and to which, perhaps from long
pondering upon it, I may have been led to attribute what others
may deem a more than deserved importance.

And now it may be reasonably demanded, after all that has
been said on the disadvantages of such divisions as I have been
deprecating, supposing aU that has been asked to be granted,
what means are proposed to meet the difficulty and to obviate the
asserted evil ? This is, indeed, a much moi'e perplexing and com-
plicated question ; and I am free to confess that I, for one, am
not prepared with any immediate practicable remedy. There are,
however, some suggestions which have occurred to my mind in re-
flecting upon the subject, which, with great diffidence and a deep
sense of all the vagueness and obscurity that hangs about them, I
will venture to offer.

In the first place, even acknowledging on the one hand all the
evils of the system which I have assumed, these Societies do exist,
and have existed long enough to be firmly established. They are
working and working with good effect. There are honest, truthful,
talented, enlightened men engaged in that working. They consti-
tute a great and important fact ; — and must be dealt with, if at
all, as associate and fellow Institutions with our own. What I am
anxious to see is, not their present antagonism, but their union
with us, as far as practicable, in such a relation as shall be mutu-
ally advantageous. Not as at present, the child taking food from
the parent's mouth, — not the sucker depriving the tree from
which it springs of its nourishment and growth and strength.

One of the most obvious means suggesting itself for carrying
out this object, is that the Societies in question should, in such
manner as they may see best, communicate to the Linnean So-
ciety svich papers as appear particularly calculated for publication

LINN. PROC. ^

XVm PBOCEEDrSGS OF THE .

in our Transactions or Proceedings. There are three Societies
especially, from which papers might, on this plan, be communi-
cated, — the Zoological, the Entomological and the Microscopical.
"With regard to the first of these, it would be impossible for us,
without considerable pecuniary assistance, to publish the luxuri-
ously beautiful illustrations which, from the pencil of the first
animal draughtsman of this or perhaps any former period, have,
for some years, rendered the octavo publication of that Society
the most beautifrd and elegant periodical work on the Xatural
History of Animals that has ever appeared. Nor does it seem
necessary or desirable, even were it possible, that the description
and figuring of every new species shoxild devolve upon the Lin-
nean Society. There are many very valuable papers requiring
few and iaexpensive or perhaps not any illustrations, which, from
their more abstract scientific character, would form suitable and
important matter for our publications ; and these may either be
read at the meetings of both the Societies, or sent directly to us
from the Publication Committee of the other Society ; or it may
be so far understood that papers of this description are not con-
sidered as their legitimate object, as that authors would send their
papers immediately to us.

The proposal of this change ia the publishing province of that
important Institution, cannot be considered as iu any degree dis-
respectful to its scientific members. It is iu fact perfectly consist-
ent with a step in the same direction Avhich the authorities of the
Society have themselves adopted. By the recent discontinuance
of the quarto Transactions, they have virtually implied the future
refusal of such papers as require quarto illustrations ; and the
change which I have now suggested is only another step in ad-
vance of their own progress. They have repudiated a certain
class of papers upon no principle whatever having relation to
either the matter or design or character of such papers ; but only
with reference to the size of the plates required for their illustra-
tion ; and there can be no sacrifice of principle involved in the
further change suggested, but only an extension upoti principle
of a course already arbitrarily commenced. And it must not be
forgotten that the whole scientific element of that great Society
(the abolition of which element, be it remembered, is not within
the terms of my proposition) is but an adjunct to its original
constitution and aim, organized too by an almost suicidal act of
the Zoological body of this Society, who converted a very pro-
mising auxiliary of their own raising into a powerful and successful

LiyNEAN SOCEETT OF LO>T)ON. XIX

rival. But I will not trouble you by a recapitulation of tbe ob-
eervations which I made on this fact last year ; I recur to it prin-
cipally to show that the two characters in which the Zoological
Society appeals to the public are essentially different, and that
there is no more congruity in such an association, than there would
be if the Horticultural Society were now to attempt to combine
with that useful practical character which has rendered it so de-
servedly popular, a more purely scientific element, and, usurping
the functions of our own botanical department, receive and pub-
lish such papers as now find their place in our own Transactions.
With respect to other Societies having the same relation to
ours as regards their objects, a similar coiu-se, mutatis mutandis,
might be adopted; but it is unnecessaiy that I should further
take up youj time by suggesting details, the discussion of which,
whatever might be the result of the consideration of the general
principle, would at present be wholly premature.

The great importance of the object of these observations pre-
vents me from wholly passing over two other ideas which have
occurred to my mind, and, in various modifications, to the minds
of others, but which at present appear so impracticable, and to
require for their fulfilment so large a change in the present work-
ing of the Society, that I cannot for a moment entertain them
as worthy of serious discussion. In the first place, it has been
questioned whether the desirable resiilt of bringing those conge-
nial Societies, which are now separated from us, within ovir own
sphere, might not be obtained by offering to those of their exist-
ing members who have been such for a given nvimber of years,
the remission or reduction of the entrance fee, supposing that, on
being proposed and balloted for, they should be elected as Fellows
of this Society. The other proposal has been, to form a new body
of Associates, for the admission of such persons as, cultivating any
branch of Natural History, are willing to join ovu* Society, paj-ing
a smaller anTmal contribution, and having limited advantages. I
do not enter into any detailed plan as connected with either of
these proposals, because I do not believe that it would be possible
or desirable to carry them out ; but I thought it my duty to lay
before you whatever had occurred to myself or others, as a means
for obviating the difficulty in which the present state of things
has placed us.

I must repeat, that I consider the serious imperative mission
of this Society, as the centre of Natiiral History Science in this
countiy, to consist in taking every available means, honestly and

h 2

XX PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

earnestly and with a high and unselfish aim, to further the advance
of those branches of science to which it is devoted. If circum-
stances are found to exist which interfere with the fulfilment of
this object, it becomes our duty to endeavour by all the fair and
honourable means in our power to obviate them. I have ap-
proached the subject on which I have so long detained you with
great diffidence and reluctance. I am well aware that I may have
laid myself open to misapprehension, but I felt it imperative upon
. me, placed where I am by your confidence and good opinion, to
give you unreservedly my feelings and thoughts upon a matter in
which I believe the welfare of the Society, and consequently the
progress of Natural History, are in a greater or less degree in-
volved; and I have only now to say, "Hberavi animam meam,"
and to leave the subject in your hands. And now, Grentlemen, I
apply myself with great pleasure to matters of a more agreeable
character.

It is with great satisfaction that I caU your attention to what I
hav(i always considered a very important and useful portion of our
Museum department, and one peculiarly appropriate to the origi-
nal object of this Society as distinctly expressed in our charter,
which defines that object to be " the cultivation of the Science of
Natural History in all its branches, and more especially of the
Natural History of Great Britain and Ireland." I allude to the
British Herbarium. The existence of several typical and well-
known collections of our native plants which have at various
times come into our possession, appeared, now that we have
ample room for their arrangement and use, to afford a most
desirable opportunity of forming as complete an assemblage as
possible of our national Flora, of which those collections should
form the nucleus. Toiir Council have therefore named a Com-
mittee, consisting of three of the most competent British bota-
nists in the Society, for the accomplishment of this object ; and I
am sure you will agree with me, when I mention the names of
Dr. Alexander, Mr. Charles Cardale Babington, and Mr. Bentham,
that a better selection could not have been made. These gentle-
men have conferred a great benefit on the Society by kindly
accepting the task, and they have now entered upon their labours.
The basis of the proposed herbarium is being selected from the
collections of Mr. Winch and of Dr. Withering, and the deficien-
cies will be filled up by contributions offered by various PeUows
of the Society. The Committee have the advantage of the assist-
ance of Mr. Daniel Oliver, one of our PeDows, who has under-

LINNEAN SOCIETY OP LONDON. XXI

taken the task of selecting, laying out and arranging the speci-
mens, and Mr. Babington that of checking the names attached to
them. The Committee report their full confidence that, by this
means, a very complete British Herbarium will be formed, in which
all marked varieties will be included ; and there can be no doubt
that it wUl be found a most useful standard collection for refer-
ence. I cannot but believe that this new feature in our arrange-
ments will be viewed with the greatest satisfaction by the nume-
rous cultivators of British Botany, who will thus have, at length,
a complete and weU-arranged herbarium of our native plants con-
stantly accessible for consultation and comparison.

It is not my intention to occupy your time by entering upon
any analysis of the papers, many of them of great interest, which
have occupied the Society at its meetings during the past year.
A glance at our two publications wiU sufB.ciently attest the zeal
and talent which have characterized them, and I believe I may
without hesitation assert that they have not been surpassed by
those of any former year. That the forthcoming part of the Trans-
actions will consequently maintain the character, both at home and
abroad, which has for so long a period attached to that our prin-
cipal publication, I cannot doubt. The Journal of Proceedings
also continues to give the greatest satisfaction in every quarter
from whence I have had an opportunity of obtaining an opinion,
and its efficiency and importance are now fully established. It
has enabled us to publish very many papers of high interest,
which but for such a vehicle could scarcely have been published
at aU, or at least only after a long interval. I may here aptly
quote the words of one of our most distinguished Fellows, who
thus expressed himself in a letter which I not long since received
from him : —

"The number of excellent papers," he says, "which we have
had this, session, constitute quite an epoch in the history of Natu-
ral Science. I know of no Society at home or abroad that can
boast of such an array of valuable papers as we can already show
for this one half-session."

The general satisfaction of the Fellows of the Society with its
present condition and with the manner in which its affairs are
conducted, is evinced by the cheering and I believe xmprecedented
fact, that the whole past year has not witnessed a single instance
of withdrawal from its ranks. I cannot but attribute this circum-
stance in great measixre to the manner in which their interest is
kept alive by the appearance at intervals of our Journal of Pro-

XXU PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

ceedings, especially as regards our country Tellows, whose con-
nexion with the Society is mainly kept up by this means.

The present state of our Pinances, with so considerable a balance
in our hands, for which I refer you with great pleasure to the
Auditors' Report, will I trust enable your Council to turn their
attention to the gradual increase of the Library, which is very
deficient in some departments of Natural History literature. The
proximity and common use of the Library of the Eoyal Society,
which contains a considerable number of the more expensive works
on local Natural History, such as several of the beautifully illus-
trated French Voyages and others, wiU assist in enabling us to
direct our means towards the acquisition of less expensive but
equally useful works, and to the completion of some important
serial publications. At the same time it must be remembered
that this can only be done at present to a very limited extent, as
the illustrations of some of the most valuable of the papers which
have been lately read wiU necessarily be very expensive.

Amongst those who have been recently removed from us by
death, is our old and respected friend Eichard Horsman Solly,
who for more than thirty years was one of the most constant
attendants at our meetings, and a liberal contributor to any pecu-
niary exigency whenever an appeal was made to him ; and he has
shown a lasting interest in the welfare of the Society to which he
was so long and so warmly attached, by a legacy of 36IOO.

I cannot conclude this brief allusion to the most prominent cir-
cumstances or events of the past year, without calling particular
attention to the accession to our library of the whole of the
scientific correspondence of our founder, presented to us, since the
last anniversary, by his honoured widow. This important gift is not
more acceptable on account of its intrinsic value, great as that is,
than as a graceful evidence of attachment and respect from one,
who, during the life of her revered husband, was ever associated
with him in the deep interest he took in Natural Science and in
the welfare of our Society in particular ; and who now, at a very
advanced age, and as full of energy as of years, has shown, by this
munificent act, that she still recurs with fond recollection to the
favourite object of her husband's scientific life, and retains, even
now, a vivid interest in our pursuits, and a warm and earnest wish
for our prosperity.

There are some other additions to our rooms by gift which I
cannot pass over without remark. The widow of one of our
liighly valued members, the late Dr. Pereira, has kindly presented

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXUl

US witli a faitliful bust of her excellent husband. A portrait
of our esteemed friend and FeUow, Mr. Ward, painted by Mr.
Knight the Royal Academician, and acknowledged to be an ad-
mirable likeness as well as an interesting and beautiful pictiu-e,
has been presented by a number of gentlemen, not confined to
Fellows of this Society, by whose subscription, this pleasing testi-
mony to Mr. Ward's scientific and social claims to our esteem and
gratitude has been produced. And lastly, we have received within
the last few days an interesting bust of the great LiNN-ams, a copy
of the original in the HaU of the Academy of Sciences of Stock-
holm ; this valuable addition to our memorials of the distinguished
men who have been more or less closely associated with the ob-
jects of the Society, was presented to us by Professor Anderson.

We have now had twelve months' experience of our close local
association with the Eoyal Society, and have been able to test
the result of our meeting on the same evening with them. With
regard to the first, I think I may safely say that our proximity
has been the source of great advantage to us, and I am sure that
it has tended to the increase of kindly feeling and good fellowship
between the two bodies. On more than one occasion tliis has
been evident, when a union of action was necessary to carry out
some important object ; and it is my pleasant duty to say that
nothing can exceed the kind consideration and ready cooperation
which have characterized the conduct of tlie authorities of that
respected body. Our eveniug association with them after the
business of the two Societies has been concluded, has also had the
eSect of bringing us iuto close and friendly relation, and has never
materially interfered with our scientific arrangements.

I have now, I believe. Gentlemen, glanced at the priacipal cir-
cumstances which demand allusion from me. Upon the whole, our
retrospect affords us ground for great thankfulness and congratu-
lation. Our position is in almost every respect greatly improved.
Our finances are not only now in a prosperous state, but our means
will be stUl further iacreased, by the cessation of rent for the
house in Soho Square at the approaching autumnal quarter. Our
numbers are gradually being augmented by the addition of active
and zealous and intelligent naturalists. Our publications are in-
creasiug in importance, and are everywhere more and more appre-
ciated and valued.

That this state of progress may continue, nothing now is need-
ful but a perseverance in the same course of energy and vigour,
combined with good feeling and kindly brotherhood, which, I
thank God, has long been characteristic of our Society.

PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

OBITUAEY NOTICES.

The Secretary then read the following notices of deceased Fel-
lows and Foreign JKemhers : —

For the brief notice which I am about to offer to the Society, of
Henry James Brooke, Esq., I am chiefly indebted to an article in
the last Anniversary ' Proceedings ' of the E-oyal Society, of which
what follows is little more than an abstract. He was born on the
25th of May, 1771, in the city of Exeter, where his relatives were
engaged in the manufacture of broadcloth, but was himself des-
tined for the bar, for which profession he had nearly completed
his studies when an advantageous opening led him to engage in
the Spanish wool-trade. He spent nearly two years in Spain, and
subsequently formed an establishment in London, where he took
up his abode in 1802, devoting his leisure to the study of mine-
ralogy, geology, and botany, but especially of the two former
sciences, to which he became devotedly attached. He became a
Eellow of the Geological Society in 1815, of the Linnean in 1818,
and of the Royal in 1819. When the trade in Spanish wool was
in a great measure superseded by that with Germany, Mr. Brooke
turned his attention to other objects of commercial pursuit more
congenial to his tastes, and entered warmly into the formation of
companies for working the mines of South America; but these
speculations having for the most part failed, he became secretary
to the London Life Assurance Association, of which he had been
one of the founders. In 1828 he maintained the principles on
which the business of that association was carried on, in " Obser-
vations on a pamphlet by Mr. Morgan, entitled a View of the
Rise and Progress of the Equitable Society." A slight concussion
of the brain, the result of being thrown down by collision with
a horse, and followed by symptoms of undue cerebral excitement,
compelled him for some years to limit his customary mental efforts ;
and during this period he occupied himself in the collection of
shells and of engravings. Of the former he made a large collec-
tion, which he afterwards presented to the University of Cam-
bridge. While engaged in its formation, he published, in the
fifth volume of the ' Zoological Journal,' a paper on " Conchology,
regarded as a distinct branch of Science," in which he maintains
that " the proper study of shells may not inaptly be considered as
analogous to that of the skeletons of the higher classes of animals,
and may be regarded as the comparative anatomy of the molluscous

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXV

inhabitants ; and if it were so pursued, those who study shells
alone might, without the fear of being regarded as triflers, confess
themselves to be conchologists, and might thus assert their title
to a place in the ranks of science." Mr. Brooke's reputation aa
a man of science was, however, chiefly derived from the eminence
which he attained as a mineralogist, and especially as a crystal-
lographer, in which department he stood almost unrivalled in this
country. His " Familiar Introduction to Crystallography, including
Explanations of the Principle and Use of the Goniometer," was
published in 1823, and was followed, at a considerable interval, by
a treatise on the same subject in the ' Encyclopaedia Metropolitana.'
In the latter of these works he greatly simplified the system which
he had proposed in the former, and reduced the number of primary
crystalline forms to six. With much laboiir and perseverance, he
applied the reflective goniometer to the crystals of artificial salts,
and published, in the ' Annals of Philosophy ' for 1823, the deter-
mination of the forms of no fewer than fifty-five difierent laboratory
crystals. He published also numerous mineralogical notices, in-
cluding the description of thirteen new mineral species, in the
pages of the ' Philosophical Magazine' and 'Annals,' and in the
' Edinburgh Philosophical Journal,' and was the author of the
treatise on mineralogy in the ' Encyclopsedia Metropolitana.' His
latest labours were directed to the general relations and geome-
trical similarity of all crystals belonging to the same system, a
paper on which subject, read before the Eoyal Society, was in the
press at the time of his decease, and afibrda a striking proof how
little his advanced age had diminished the strength and energy of
his reasoning powers. He died, at his residence at Clapham, on
the 2(5th of June, 1857, soon after completing the 86th year of
his age, from natural decay, accelerated by the depression of his
system produced by a severe cold ; and his splendid collection of
minerals has since been presented to the University of Cambridge,
as the best means of rendering it subservient to the advancement
of mineralogical science.

William Maddochs Bush, Esq., M.D., died at Weston-super-
Mare on the 17th of December, 1857, aged 44 years. Dr. Bush
completed an excellent general education at Eton in 1830, when
he commenced his course of medical studies at St. George's Hos-
pital, and subsequently prosecuted them at the London University.
Having become a Member of the Eoyal College of Surgeons of
England, and a Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries, he was
appointed one of the House Surgeons of the Marylebone Infirmary,

XXVI PROCEEDINGS 01" THE

where lie acquired extensive medical knowledge and experience.
After this he visited the Medical Schools of Paris and Germany,
in one of the universities of which latter he graduated as an M.D.
During all these professional labours his mind was not inattentive
to other kinds of knowledge. He was an ardent lover of nature
under all her forms ; but perhaps his greatest leaning to either
branch of Natural History was to Botany, of which he had ac-
quired considerable knowledge. He was elected a Fellow of the
Linnean Society in 1843, and about the same time the Royal
College of Physicians in London admitted him a Licentiate, ex
urbe, of their body. The time having now arrived for selecting a
department of his profession in which to bring his acquirements
to a practical use, he selected that of Psychology, with the treat-
ment of the insane mind. In this, both in the Metropolis and in
the provinces, he was eminently successful, and was much con-
sulted by his professional brethren. In connexion with this subject
he was the author of an excellent pamphlet on " The General
Paralysis of the Insane," a subject at that time but little attended
to ; and more lately he vprote a valuable monograph on " Moral
Delinquency in Children," or an exposition of the early tendency
to insanity in childhood, partly the result of hereditary predispo-
sition, and i^artly the consequence of imperfect and misdirected
education. When the photographic art became more generally
known. Dr. Bush very early observed how advantageously a good
manipulator might apply the processes to record objects in Natural
History. He became an ardent practitioner of the art, and had
gained great efficiency in it, producing beautiful specimens from
various natural sources, especially from the vegetable kingdom ;
but, unfortunately, in his manipulations his skin absorbed some
of the poisonous matters used in the preparation of his paper, and
this becoming diffused through his body led to inflammation of
the veins in his extremities ; from thence the inflammation spread
gradually to the great blood-vessels of the trunk, and led to his
premature decease. His rectitude of heart and life, his amiable
and conciliatory manners, and his devoted love of nature endeared
him to a numerous circle of friends ; while this Society has to
record the loss of a member who promised greatly to advance the
objects of the Society itself, and who happily blended the characters
of the gentleman aud the man of science.

Lieut. James Ilolman, B.JSr., F.H.S., universally known as " the
blind traveller," was born at Exeter, in the county of Devon,
October 15th, 1786, Although not distinguished as a naturalist.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OP LONDON. XXVU

tlie career of this gentleman offers so remarkable an instance of
energy and perseverance in carrying out what appears to have
been an irresistible impulse for visiting foreign and distant lands
under circumstances which might be supposed to present almost
insuperable obstacles, that I need scarcely apologize for dwelling
upon it at some length. He was first sent to a day school in
Theatre Lane, Exeter, kept by an old woman, at which he re-
mained until he was between eight and nine years of age, when
lie was transferred to a private school near Alphidgton Cross,
kept by the well-known Dr. Halloran ; and afterwards to another
school, where, as he says, he was crammed with geography, astro-
nomy, algebra, geometry, navigation, &c., in order to fit him for the
position of first-class volunteer obtained for him by Lord Bridport
through the kindness of Greneral Simco. He accordingly joined,
in December 1798, being then twelve years old, the Eoyal George,
100, Captain C. M. Pole, bearing Lord Bridport's flag, in the
English Channel ; was present at the attempt at Basque Eoads,
and, after two unsuccessful applications to Lord Bridport to be
allowed to join cruisiag frigates, was placed on board the Cam-
brian, 40, Captain Legge, in which he served from 1799 to 1805
on the Home and North American stations. He then joined in
succession the Leander and Cleopatra, of which latter frigate he
was appointed lieutenant, April 27, 1807. He was next employed
in the Gruerricre frigate, on the North American station, from
October 1808 to November 1810, when, in consequence of severe
rheumatism brought on by the hard service on that station, he
invalided, and was placed on half-paj% retvu*ning to England in
January 1811, in H.M. Brig Eantome. In July of that year he
was %-isitiug his friends at and near Bath, when he was attacked
with severe ophthahnia, which in a short time entirely deprived
him of sight. In 1812, ha^ang become permanently blind, he was
made a Naval Knight of Windsor. During the next seven years
he devoted his time so much to the study of literature (entering
at the University of Edinburgh, where he obtained a diploma), that
his health suffered severely, and he was compelled to seek restora-
tion in the air of his native county. Not finding the benefit he
expected, this, together with the permission which he had obtained
to absent himself from Windsor, induced him, in the year 1819,
to visit the South of France alone, and without any knowledge of
the continental languages. He then made the grand tour, passing
through the south of France into Italy, traversing the greater part
of both the southern and northern states of that peninsula, cross-

iXVm PBOCEEDINGS OF THE

ing into Savoy by Mount Cenis, proceeding thence by CJiambery to
Geneva, and tlirough Switzerland to Basle, descending the Ebine
to the sea, and from Amsterdam passing by the Hague, Rotterdam,
and Antwerp to Brussels, returning to England, by Ostend, in
September 1821, An account of these travels was published by
him in 1822, under the title of " A Narrative of a Journey under-
taken in the years 1819, 1820, and 1821, through France, Italy,
Savoy," &c. &c. In July 1822, he embarked alone from the London
Docks for St. Petersburg, and had proceeded through Russia into
Siberia, traversing it as far as Irkoutsk (2000 miles beyond To-
bolsk), intending to embark at Kamtschatka for Sitka on the north-
west coast of America, and thence to proceed to the Sandwich
Islands, &c., when his progress was checked by a mandate from
the Emperor of Russia, under which he was conveyed as a state
prisoner to the confines of Cracow, and there dismissed. The
motive for this proceeding was said to be a belief that he was an
English spy and that his blindness was only feigned. He then
proceeded through Austria, Bohemia, Saxony, Prussia, and Hanover
to Hamburgh, and arrived at Hull in June 1824. Of these travels
also a narrative was published in 1825. In July 1827 he proceeded
with Captain Owen of H.M.S. Eden to South Africa, visiting by
the way Madeira, Teneriffe, St. Jago, Sierra Leone, Cape Coast,
Accra, Eemando Po, Bonny, Calabar, &c.. Prince's Island and
Ascension; after leaving which island, falling in with a Dutch
galliot on its way to Rio de Janeiro, he transferred himself and
baggage to that vessel. Prom Rio he visited the gold mines, and
after journeying through the Brazils, quitted S. America for the
Cape of Good Hope in H.M. Brig Falcon, Captain Pole, and after
traversing the Cape Colony and part of CafFreland, left Simon's
Bay for Mauritius, Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, Zanzibar, and
the Seychelles, returning thence to the Mauritius. He then pro-
ceeded to Colombo, and having travelled through Kandy and made
the ascent of Adam's Peak, embarked at Trincomalee for Pon-
dicherry and Madras, and thence for Bangalore, returning by
Chittoor and Arcot to Madras, from which he sailed for Masuli-
patam and Calcutta. In August 1830, he left that city for China,
visiting Penang, Malacca, Singapore, and Canton, whence he sailed
for Hobai't Town. He next traversed Van Diemen's Land, pro-
ceeded to Sydney, and after travelling in the interior of Australia,
left for England, visiting on his way home New Zealand, Bahia
and Plores, and arriving in August 1832. The narrative of these
ti'avels was pubhshed in four volumes in 1834 and 1835, under the

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXIX

title of " A Voj^age round the World." In August 1836, he pro-
ceeded to the north of Ireland, where he remained during the
next three months. He paid a short visit to the Channel Islands,
St. Malo, and Dinant in the summer of 1839. In the latter part
of 1840 he embarked at Blackwall for Falmouth and Oporto, landed
there, and visited the following places in succession, viz. the Alto-
Douro, Lanego, Oporto, Lisbon (visiting St. TJbes, the salt-pans
of Eio Lado, Cintra, Colares, and the English lines), Cadiz, Seville,
Port St. Mary, and Xeres, Gibraltar, Ceuta, Malaga, Granada,
Almeria, Carthagena, Alicante, Valencia, Barcelona, and Tarragona.
Prom Barcelona he proceeded to Majorca, Minorca, Algiers, Bona,
Tunis, and Carthage ; thence to Malta, the Ionian Islands, Patras,
Athens, the island of Syra, Smyrna, Rhodes, Beyrout, and Alex-
andria ; from thence to Cairo, Suez, Moses' "Wells, &c. Then from
Cairo he crossed the Desert, to Jerusalem by way of El Arish,
then to the Jordan, Dead Sea, and Bethlehem ; then from Jeru-
salem to Nazareth, the Sea of Galilee, Mount Carmel, Acre, Tjto,
Sidon, and Beyrout. Prom Beyrout he went to Tripoli, the island
of E-hodes, Latakia, Sudea (on the Orontes) ; thence to Antioch,
Aleppo, and Hamman, by the Desert, to Damascus, and across the
Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon back to Beyrout. This he left for
Alexandria, Malta, and Naples, from the latter place making his
way through Apulia, Calabria and Sicily to Eeggio, and thence
back to Naples. He then proceeded through the Abruzzi to Pes-
cara on the Adriatic, Loretto, Rimini, Ravenna, Perrara, Padua,
Venice, Udine, Goritz, and Trieste ; thence to Piume, Zara, Libe-
uico, Nut, Seigu, Spalatio, by sea to Ragusa and Boca di Cataro,
making a tour in Montenegro, and returning to Boca di Cataro
and Ragusa, then voyaging to Stagno, crossing the Isthmus, thence
through the Gvdf of Narenta, up the little Narenta river, returning
to Port Opus and Metcavitch, and descending the main stream of
the Narenta to the sea, along the coast to Spalatio, from thence
going to Seigu, and entering Bosnia by BiUibuch, passing to
Zavena, Travnich, Kisslovoda and Sana, to the frontiers of Servia,
thence to Belgrade, down the Danube to Giurgevo, Bucharest,
and Ibrail, across the Sereth to Galatz, thence to Jassy and through
the Bukoviaa, Transylvania, and Hungary to Vienna. Then through
Austria, Bavaria, and the Tyrol to Italy, visiting Verona, Lodi,
Milan, Pavia, Genoa, and Nice ; thence to Toulon, Marseilles, Avi-
gnon, Nismes, Montpellier, Cette, Perpignan, St. Louis, and the Pjtc-
nees, Arriege, Bagneres de Bigorre, Cauterets, Pau, and Bayonne.
Thence into Spain by Vittoria to Valladolid, visiting from thence

XXX PEOCEEDIN&S OF THE

Leon, thence to Madrid, Talavera, Badajoz, and into Portugal, visit-
ing Elvas, Lisbon, Bucellas, Figuera, Cintra, Oporto, and Vigo,
returning to Oporto by sea, thence by Corunna, Bilboa, and San
Sebastian to Bayonne. Leaving Bayonne for Bordeaux, Saintes,
Cognac, Charente, Eochfort, Eochelle, BouLrbon- Vendee, Nantes,
L' Orient, Brest, Morlaix, Dinant, Avranches, Grranville, Cher-
bourg, Caen, Havre, E-ouen, Chateauroux, Limoges, Ageu, Auch,
Pan, Cauterets, Bagneres de Bigorre, Toulouse, Lyons, Vichy,
Moulins, Macon, and Chalons-sur-Saone to Dijon, Chalons-sur-
Maine, Eheims, St. Quentiu, Valenciennes, Lille, and Dunkirk to
Calais and Boulogne, returning to England in October 1846.
In the spring of 1852 he again embarked from Hull for Norway
and Sweden ; after travelling through which countries for a few
months, he returned to England. This was the last journey he
made, otherwise than by paying occasional visits to Boulogne and
Bath. During the last few years most of his time was spent be-
tween "Windsor and London, while at the former place secluding
himself completely from all society, occupying himself wholly in
writing the account of his later travels and an autobiography, and
thereby so materially injuring his health that after a short illness
of four or five days he died, July 28th, 1857, in the 71st year of
his age. He became a Pellow of the Linnean Society in 1826, and
of the Eoyal Society in the following year. As many among us
can bear testimony, he was a most cheerful and agreeable com-
panion, full of information and anecdote on a great variety of
subjects ; and these qu.alities are so conspicuously displayed in
the published Narratives of his Travels, that it is earnestly to be
hoped that those of later date may also ere long be given to the
world.

John Macmillan, Esq., M.D., entered the Eoyal Navy and be-
came full Surgeon in 1807. He was for some time on the South
Sea station, and after his return to England became, in 1820, a
Eellow of the Linnean Society. He subsequently retired to Cul-
ross in the county of Perth, where he died on the 1st of the present
month, after a long illness, at the age of 81.

8ir George Magrath, M.I)., G.B., K.H., Sfc, entered the Navy
at an early age as an Assistant Surgeon, and was present in that
capacity on board the Theseus at the evacuation of Port Matilda,
Guadaloupe, in the year 1794. As Surgeon of the Eussell he took
part in the action off Camperdown in 1797, and was appointed
Superintendent of the Hospital for Dutch prisoners subsequently
established at Yarmouth. In 1801 he was again svirgeon of the

LimSTEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXI

Eussell at tlie attack on Copenhagen, and was afterwards I'lag
Medical Oificer to Lord Nelson in the Mediterranean, and had
charge of the hospital at Gibraltar during the fever which raged
in 1804 and 1805. He was elected FeUow of the Colleges of
Physicians of London and Edinburgli, and became Physician Ex-
traordinary to the Duke of Clarence when appointed Lord High
Admiral. Li 1841 he was promoted to the rank of Lispector of
Hospitals, and continued during the remainder of his life to reside
at Plymouth, where he died on the 12th of last June, at the age of
82. His remains were interred iu the burying-ground of St. An-
drew's eburch, and were attended to the grave by a large concourse
of people, including many of the neighbouring gentry. He became
a Pellow of the Linnean Society in 1816, of the Royal Society
in ] 819, and was like^dse a Member of the Eoyal Irish Academy,
and a Pellow of the Geological Society. Besides the distinctions
already mentioned, he had a medal with two clasps for Camper-
down and Copenhagen, and was a Knight Commander of the
Portuguese Order of the Cross of Christ.

John Forhes Boyle, Esq., M.B., F.B.S., F. G.S., Officer of the
Legion of Honour, was the only son of Capt. AVilliam Henry
Eoyle, an officer in the service of tlie Hon. East India Company,
and was born at CawTipore. Having lost his father while yet a
child, he received his early education, jEirst under the care of Dr.
Sangster, and afterwards at the High School of Edinburgh. He
was originally destined for the profession of arms ; but while
waiting for an appointment at Addiscombe, he became a pupil of
Dr. Anthony Todd Thomson, under whose able tuition he acquired
so strong a taste for Natural History, and especially for Botany
and its useful applications, that he was induced to decline the
military appointment, and to accept in its place, as soon as he had
obtained his diploma, an Assistant- Surgeoncy in the Company's
service. In 1819 he proceeded to Calcutta on the medical staff of
the Bengal army. He was first posted to the artillery at Dum-
dum, and for two or three years afterwards he was moved from
station to station in Bengal or the North-western provinces, dis-
charging subordinate medical duties, as the ordinary routine and
exigencies of the service demanded. While thus employed, he
availed himself of every opportunity that change of locality afforded
to acquire a knowledge of the natural productions of the country.
Among these, the study of Indian plants occupied the first place,
and drew him into correspondence with Dr. WaUich, at tliat time
Superintendent of the Hon. Company's Botanical Garden at Cal-

XXXll PROCEEDINGS OE THE

cutta. A vacancy having occurred in the charge of the Botanical
G-arden at Saharunpore, Dr. Eoyle was, fortunately for science,
selected as the best-qualified candidate, and appointed Superin-
tendent in 1823. No station in India is more happily situated
for the cultivation of the natural sciences. Eastward of Delhi,
elevated 1000 feet above the level of the sea, near the extreme
northern limit of that part of the great plain of India which
is included in the valley of the Ganges, within a few miles of
the Sewalik Hills, and mthin easy range of the great chain of
the Himalayah, the position commands alike the tropical flora
and fauna of the plains of India, the temperate of the snowy
range, and every transitional stage between the two. Dr. Eoyle
possessed the acquirements, through education and self-culture,
the energy of character, and the ardent love of science, to avail
himself to the full measiu-e of these advantages. Tlie public
garden, supported by a native endowment, and laid out after the
simple native geometrical plan, with abundance of fruit-trees and
common flowering plants, was entirely remodelled by the new
superintendent, after the most approved style of English land-
scape gardening. A large addition was made to the nimiber of
species grown, indigenous and exotic ; a scientific arrangement was
introduced ; a conservatory sprung up ; an ample stream of running
water was introduced, which fell into an artificial lake ; in short,
every refined alteration was adopted by which a tame oriental
garden could be converted into a beautifully-planned and useful
scientific institution. The whole was the creation of Dr. Eoyle.
His other duties, including the medical charge of the station of
Saharunpoor, with two hospitals, deprived him of the oppor-
tunities of travelling, necessary for the thorough investigation of
the nattiral history of so rich a field ; but, to compensate as much
as possible for this drawback, he deputed parties of plant-col-
lectors in successive years to the various mountain provinces in
• the neighbourhood, across the snowy range into the Thibetan
boundary of Kunawur ; and as far westward as the valley of
Cashmeer. By these means he soon amassed a rich and valuable
herbarium. But his natural bent was most strongly exhibited in
the investigation of the properties of plants, and their application
to the wants of man. For a considerable time he supplied the
hospitals of Bengal with indigenous drugs, as substitutes for the
expensive articles imported from Europe. He devoted himself
with great success to the identification of the articles now occurring
in the bazaars of the East with the medicines familiar to the

LINNEAN SOCIETT OF LONDON. XXIIU

Greeks, as described by Dioscorides and Theophrastus. He iuves-
tigated the agricultural resources of the plains of India, with a
view to the improved culture and introduction of various grains,
and of plants yielding fibres and other useful products ; and he
endeavoured to direct attention to the capabilities of the valleys
and slopes of the Himalaya for the growth of tea, which has been
so successfully carried out by his successors. Dr. Boyle's principal
work, " The Illustrations of the Botany, &c. of the Himalaya
Mountains," is a storehouse of valuable facts and information,
bearing on all these and other allied subjects, and has been largely
drawn from by every writer of authority who has since devoted
his labours to the properties and uses of plants. The favourable
situation of Saharunpoor provided other tempting fields of
natural investigation, which his ardent zeal would not permit him
to neglect. Single-handed he undertook the severe task (for a
tropical climate) of horary observations of the thermometer di'y-
and wet-bulb, and of the barometer, on a single day in each month
throughout the year, besides the regular ordinary observations twice
a day, and by these means attained excellent data for determining
the meteorological conditions of the cHmate, and fixing one of the
standard stations by which the range of mean temperature over
the continent of India has been ascertained. He made collections
of the mammalia, birds, reptiles, and insects of the northern plains
and mountains of India, in themselves so valuable and extensive
that they furnished materials for two important and distinct me-
moirs, by eminent British naturalists, upon the fauna of India,
contained in his great work before referred to. During his
various journeys through the Himalayan mountains, he carefully
collected specimens of all the rocks he met with, marked the
direction and measured the inclination of the strata, ascertained
the elevations of the successive ridges, and the depressions of the
intervening valleys, by barometrical measurement, and recorded
the whole of the observations with such care, that, gleaning
materials from other sources, and aided by Sir Henry De la Beche,
he was enabled to produce a very creditable approximative geolo-
gical section across the chain of the Himalayas, from the plains of
Hindostan on to the snowy range, which was also brought out in
his ' Illustrations.' All these varied and extensive researches
were condensed within the comparatively short period of eight
years. Patient of labour, and self-exacting to the full measure of
his physical powers, he never remitted his exertions, nor yielded
to the enervating effects of a tropical climate. Gifted by iiatui-e

LINN. PROC. C

PBOCEEDINGS OF THE

with a strong frame and a constitution tliat never failed him, and
which sickness never touched, he toiled on, from first to last, the
earnest and ardent investigator of every natural object that came
within his reach. One incident, connected with Dr. Eoyle's service
in India, redounds so highly to his scientific credit that it appears
deserving of an honoured record. The first Burmese and other wars
had brought the finances of India to an unusually disastrous state ;
and the home authorities devolved upon the Grovernor- General,
Lord "William Bentinck, the ungrateful task of retrieving the un-
toward position by unpopular measures. Eetrenchment the most
ruthless was applied to every department of the public service that
would admit of the process. The medical branch suffered most,
and was struck down at one blow from affluent ease to com-
parative indigence. Dr. Eoyle, in his medical relations, suffered
equally with the rest of his brethren ; but the Botanical Garden at
Saharunpore was for the time spared, as an outlying exception.
At last the Govenor- General visited the station with the announced
intention of abolishing the Botanical Garden. It was remote and
unfrequented, and therefore doomed. Dr. Eoyle, dissatisfied with
the turn which the service had taken, was on the eve of vacating
his appointment, on promotion to a higher grade, and returning
to Europe to resign the service. Yet so good a show did he make
of sterling, honest, and useful work, and of practical results effected
by the Botanic Garden, that the Governor- General, finding at the
same time that it was supported by a native endowment, was
compelled to abandon the threatened decree for the abolition of
the institution, and the Saharunpore Garden was saved. For this
service Dr. Eoyle is entitled to the enduring gratitude of all Indian
naturalists. In 1831 he returned to Europe with a large and valu-
able collection of materials. With characteristic energy he threw
himself at once upon the investigation of what he had amassed,
and between that period and 1840 he devoted himself chiefly to
the publication of his great work, the " Illustrations of the Botany
and other branches of the Natural History of the Himalaya
Mountains," which is distinguished alike by a very large amount
of original information, and by the most comprehensive, exact,
and useful research. He became a member of all the leading
scientific societies of the Metropolis His election as aEeUow of
the Linnean Society dates from 1833 ; and in the same year he
read a Paper " On the Lycium of Dioscorides," which is printed
in the 17th volvime of our ' Transactions.' Abovit the same time
he received from the University of Munich the diploma of a

LINNEAX SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXY

Doctor of Medicine ; and in 1837 he became a Fellow of the Eoyal
Society, of which he was afterwards for a time a Yice-President.
He also became a FeUow of the Geological Society, in which
for several years he filled the office of one of its Secretaries ;
latterly, for several years, he was Secretary of the Horticultural
Society, in the business and well-being of which he always took
the most lively and active interest ; and for several of the later
years of his life he was Secretary of the British Association for
the Advancement of Science. The signal success with which he
had studied the materia medica of the East led to his beinsr
appointed to fill the chair of that branch combined with Thera-
peutics, in King's College, when vacated by the late Dr. Paris ; and
the introductory lecture to his first course in that institution
formed the basis of an essay " On the Antiqmty of Hindoo Me-
dicine," published in 1837. About the same time he was united
in marriage to a lady of highly cultivated intellect, daughter
of the late Edward Solly, Esq., who became the earnest and
competent partner of all his subsequent labours : never was a
man of science more fortimate in his domestic ties. In 1840 he
published an "Essay on the Productive Eesources of India," a
work of high importance in an economical poiut of view, and the
basis of aU that has since been written on the subject. In 1844,
being Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at King's CoUege, he was
requested to publish his introductory lecture " On Medical Edu-
cation;" and in 1847 he published, in a thick 12mo volume, for
the use of his pupils, " A Manual of Materia Medica and Thera-
peutics," which became widely popular, on account of the unusual
pains taken in the elaboration of the botanical and commercial
liistory of the various substances. A second edition was published
in 1853, and a third in 1856, both in 8vo, the last " revised and
enlarged by F. AV. Headland." In the changes which took place
in the Eoyal Society about the year 1847, he took an active part,
and was one of the foxinders of the Philosophical Club, established
in that year. Besides the societies connected with the cultivation
of natural science, he took an active share in the business of the
Eoyal Asiatic Society, and with habitual energy soon struck out
a new branch of inquiry in it. The 'Transactions' of that learned
body had hitherto been directed chiefly to the languages, history,
mythology, archaeology, and numismatics of the East. At the
instance of Dr. Eoyle, a committee was organized for the investi-
gation of the productive resources of India, and a series of valu-
able communications upon interesting commercial objects, either

c2

XXXVl PBOCEEDINGS OF THE

new or but imperfectly Imown, emanating from Dr Eoyle, was
the result. The commercial interest of the manufacturing districts
was naturally awakened to these raw products ; and the India-
house became exposed to inquiries upon the subject, to which no
department of that great establishment was at the time com-
petent to give a reply. The natural and inevitable result soon
followed : an office, that of " Correspondence relating to the Vege-
table Productions of India," was created for Dr. Eoyle, who had
now resigned his medical appointment ; and Leadenhall Street
henceforth became the centre of his labours and public usefulness.
From this time forward he devoted his whole attention to the
development of the productive resources of the country of his
birth. Having the entire charge of the correspondence in relation
to this most important subject, he was naturally one of the first
to be consulted with regard to the Indian Department of the
Great Exhibition of 1851, on which he furnished a valuable
memoir, which was published in the Appendix No. 3 to the Pre- .
liminary Report of the Commissioners. In the management of
this Exhibition he was appointed one of the Local Commissioners
for the City of London, and had the entire charge of the Indian
denartment. The results of his labours on this occasion are too
well known to render it necessary to dwell on the skill, energy,
and taste which presided over its organization and arrangement.
When the Great Exhibition of Paris took place in 1855, he was
again selected to superintend the Oriental department, which
was, by his exertions, placed on a scale of truly oriental magni-
ficence. For his eminent services on this occasion he received
from the Emperor the large honorary medal, together with the
decoration of an Officer of the Legion of Honour. Once again
his talents were called into requisition in a similar manner, in the
organization of the Indian Collection at the Exhibition of Art-
Treasures in Manchester in 1857. In the meantime, although
so busily occupied in these exhibitions and in the ordinary duties
of his office, he had published in 1851 an elaborate work " On the
Culture and Commerce of Cotton in India and elsewhere," and
had contributed a series of Articles to the ' Penny Cyclopaedia,' and
to Dr. Kitto's * Cyclopaedia of Biblical Literature,' and numerous
Notices in different Journals, besides Lectures at the Society of
Arts and elsewhere, among which were two on the Results of the
Great Exhibition, " On the Arts and Manufactures of India,"
" On Indian Fibres, &c." This latter, when the war with Russia
threatened to cut off our supply of the principal fibrous materials

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXVU

for the uavy, was expanded into an important work, entitled
" The Fibrous Plants of India, fitted for Clothing, Cordage, and
Paper: with an account of the Cultivation and Preparation of
Flax, Hemp, and their Substitutes," Lond. 8vo, 1855. The im-
mense collections of Indian products, raw and manufactured, many
of the latter of great interest either as fabrics or as exquisite
models of design, which had been brought together with a view to
these several exhibitions, aflbrded Dr. Eoyle an opportunity of
pressing upon the authorities of the India House the importance
of forming a museum in Leadenhall Street, where they might be
collectively exposed for the benefit and instruction of the public.
The plan was adopted ; and to carry it out became the great object
of the last year of his laborious and valuable life. He survived
to see the rooms filled, and most of the specimens laid out. The
day before his death, after an interval of confinement for some
weeks, he was again at his post, to urge on the final arrangements
of the museum ; but mortal disease was then upon him, and on
the following morning he was carried off by a sudden stroke. He
died at his residence, Heathfield Lodge, Acton, on the 2nd of
January in the present year, and in the fifty-ninth year of his age,
leaving a widow, two sons, and a daughter to bemoan his loss, and
a deep-seated sentiment of respect and regret among a wide circle
of friends.

It would be unjust not to mention, that in the preparation of
this notice I have been largely indebted to the kindness of my
friend Dr. Falconer, who succeeded Dr. Royle in the charge of the
Botanic Grarden at Saharunpore, and was through life one of his
warmest and most intimate friends.

Joseph Smith, Esq., F.B.S., well known to many of us as
having filled for a considerable period the oflice of Treasurer of
theEoyal Society Club, was called to the Bar as a Member of Gray's
Inn, within the precincts of which he continued to live during the
remainder of his life, and where he died on the 26th of May 1857,
at the age of eighty-three. He became a Fellow of the Linnean
Society in 1811, and of the Eoyal Society in 1819, and was a
constant attendant at the meetings of the latter, until the infir-
mities of age precluded his appearance abroad. He was well
acquainted with British plants, and wrote a memoir on the Guern-
sey Lily, which however has not been published.

The Rev. William Smith, Professor of Natural History in
Queen's College, CorTc, was the fifth son of the late Samuel Smith,
Esq., of Balnamere, near Ballymoney, in the county of Antrim,

XXXVlll PROCEEDINGS OE THE

and was born on the 12th of January 1808. He received his
collegiate education in the Eoyal Belfast Academical Institution,
and, devoting himself to the ministry, attached himself first to the
Presbytery of Antrim, and afterwards to the Eemonstrant Synod
of Ulster. At a very early period of life he was chosen minister
of the Unitarian congregation of Dundee, whence, after the lapse
of a few years, he removed to Bolton in Lancashire, and subse-
quently to Stockport, where he continued in the exercise of his
ministerial functions from 1834 to 1845. Compelled by his health
to seek a milder climate, he became successively pastor of the
congregations in Torquay, Jersey, Cheltenham, Wareham, and
Lewes ; and towards the end of 1854 he was appointed, on the
recommendation of the late Professor Edward Porbes, to the Chair
of Natural History at Cork, which he occupied till his decease.
He was for many years a martyr to the gout ; but his ailment,
although severe, did not preclude the application of his mind to
study ; and in the pursuit of natural history, to which he had
been addicted from his youth, he found both solace from pain and
a pleasing occupation. Although well-versed in the knowledge
of British plants generally, he determined to restrict his more
immediate studies to one particular group ; and his fondness for
microscopical investigation led him to select the JDiatomacece as
the family to which his attention should be especially devoted.
Accordingly he published, in 1853 and 1856, two crown 8vo vo-
lumes, entitled "A Synopsis of the British Diatomacese," illus-
trated by sixty-nine plates, containing figiu-es of nearly four hun-
dred species of that singular group. The specimens which formed
the materials for this work are now deposited in the British
Museum, and constitute a striking memorial of his industry in
collecting, and patience in determining, objects so minute, but at
the same time so curious and interesting. As a professor, he
soon became exceedingly popular, and his class was one of the
most successful in the college; but his health had long been
declining, and he died on the 6th of October last, after having
occupied the chair only about three years, in the fiftieth year of
his age. He became a Pellow of the Linnean Society in 1847.

Bicliard Sorsman Solly, Esq., was the eldest son of Samuel
Solly, Esq., P.E.S., P.S.A., of Serge Hill, near Abbots' Langley,
Herts, and was born on the 29th of April, 1778, at the house of
his father in Grreat Ormond Street, which he himself continued
to inhabit until the close of his life. Mr. Samuel Solly was ori-
ginally a very considerable merchant in the Italian and Levant

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXIX

trade, and inherited from liis uncle, Mr. Timothy Holies, the
house in Great Ormond Street, together with a handsome legacy
and a museum of curiosities, which descended to our late Eellow,
and contributed, no doubt, to awaken in him that taste for natural
and physical science, and that spirit of iaquiry by which he was
through life distinguished. His mother was one of the two
daughters and co-heiresses of Dr. Horsman, an eminent London
physician ; and his school-days were passed at Cheam in Surrey,
vmder the tuition of ]\Ir. Gilpin, son of the celebrated author of
the work on " Forest Trees." He became a student of Magdalen
College, Cambridge, where he took his degree of M.A. in the year
1800, and was subsequently called to the bar as a member of
Lincoln's Inn. On the death of his father in 1807, he succeeded
to a considerable property, and devoted himself thenceforward to
the iudulgence of his incliuation for the pursuits of science and
art, and to the cultivation of friendly relations with those who
were most eminent ia both. He became in the same year a
Fellow of the Royal Society, and was early led, by his intimacy with
the late Mr. Thomas Andrew Knight, at whose house at Dowuton
he was a frequent visitor, to take a warm interest in the Horticul-
tural Society, of which he continued through life to be an active
supporter. He was also for many years an assiduous promoter of
the Society of Arts and of the Royal Institution ; and became a
Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, the Geological, the Zoological
and numerous other Societies. But the subject which more than
any other attracted his attention, was the improvement of the
microscope ; and his patronage and encouragement were liberally
bestowed on those able opticians who contributed so greatly, some
twenty or thirty years siace, to the perfection of an instrument,
the importance of which in scientific investigation is daily be-
coming more widely acknowledged. To this recognition was
subsequently due the formation of the Microscopical Society, of
which INIr. Solly, notwithstanding his sti'ong predilection for micro-
scopical studies, became a somewhat reluctant member, inasmuch
as he felt that the microscope was simply an instrument of
research in various branches of science, each of which was already
provided mth its own appropriate Society. Of the Linnean So-
ciety he became a FeUow in 1826, and was frequently a member
of our Council, in which his business habits and the acti\dty of
his mind rendered him peculiarly useful, especially in relation to
financial questions. To him we are chiefly indebted for the clear-
ness and simplicity of our balance-sheet and especially of that

xl PROCEEDINGS OF THE

portion of it wliich relates to our assets aud liabilities ; and as a last
proof of his good- will and of the warm interest which he ever took
in our affairs, I have to record that he has bequeathed to us by
his will a legacy of a hundred pounds, of which his executors have
courteously announced the speedy payment. To many of us he
has been so long known by his constant attendance at our meet-
ings, both scientific and social, by his liberal hospitality, by the
kindliness of his disposition, and by that spirit of universal good-
will which he both felt and inspired, that his loss will leave a
marked vacancy in the ever-narrowing circle of our older friends.
He died at his house in Grreat Ormond Street on the 31st of
March in the present year, having nearly completed the 80th
year of his age, and was buried on the 7th of April in the New
Cemetery at "Woking, Surrey.

The Bev. William Stockdale, M.A., second in seniority on the
list of our Members, having been elected a Fellow of the Linnean
Society in the year 1796, died on the 27th of February in the
present year, at Mear's Ashby Hall, near Northampton, in the
91st year of his age. He had been for forty-four years vicar of
East Ashby, and for nearly sixty-two years a Fellow of the
Linnean Society. For many years past I have received from him,
at each recurrence of this Anniversary, a letter expressing his
warm sympathy with the Society, and occasionally enclosing a
botanical specimen with a query attached to it, evincing his con-
tinued interest in its pursuits.

William Wood, Esq., F.B.S., was born in Kendal in the year
1774, and was educated for the medical profession. Having com-
pleted his studies at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, in London, under
the tuition of Abemethy, he commenced practice as a surgeon at
"Wingham, in the neighbourhood of Canterbury. Attaching him-
self early to the study of Natural History, he became in 1798 a
Fellow of the Linnean Society ; and published, in 1801, in the
sixth volume of our ' Transactions,' a useful Paper entitled " Ob-
servations on the Hinges of British Bivalve Shells," carefully
illustrated by figures from the pencil of Mr. Henry Boys, also an
early Fellow of the Society, and still, I believe, living at Toronto
in Canada "West, of the University of which city he has long
been one of the Professors. About 1801 Mr. "Wood removed to
London, whei'e he continued to pi'actise his profession until 1815,
when he entered into business as a bookseller in the Strand,
dealing chiefly in books of Natural History, and publishing some
impoi'tant works in that department of Science. He had pre-

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LOKDOIJ. xli

viously, in 1812, become a Fellow of the Royal Society, and had
given to the world an English translation of BufFou's " N'atural
History," and a work entitled " Zoography, or the Beauties of
Nature displayed in select Descriptions from the Animal and
Vegetable, with additions from the Mineral Kingdom," in three
vols. 8vo. 1807-1811. In 1815 he published the first volume of
a work, entitled " Greneral Conchology ;" but this intended work
subsequently gave place to his " Index Testaceologicus, or a Cata-
logue of Shells, British and Foreign, arranged according to the
Linnean System," commenced in 1818, and completed in 1828.
Of this work, containing about 3000 colovired figures of shells,
" a new and entirely revised edition " was published by INIr. S.
Hanley in 1855. The success of this ' Conchological Index ' in-
duced Mr. Wood to publish, in 1839, on a similar plan, an " Index
Entomologicus, or a complete illustrated Catalogue, consisting of
1911 figures, of the Lepidopterous Insects of Great Britain," of
which also a second edition, " with figiu-es of the newly discovered
species," was given in 1852 by Mr. Westwood. In the meantime
he had also published " Illustrations of the Linnean Genera
Insects," in two vols. 12mo, London, 1821 ; a new edition of
Gustavus Brander's " Fossilia Hantoniensia," 4to, London, 1829 ;
and three 4to parts of "A complete Illustration of the British
Freshwater Fishes, with some account of their Habits." He
quitted business in 1840, and since that time has continued to
reside at Euislip in Middlesex, at which place he died on the 26th
of May, 1857, in the 84th year of his age, and in the 60th year of
his Fellowship of the Linnean Society. Since his retirement from
business he has been but rarely seen among us ; but this brief out-
line of his industrious and useful career will recall to many of our
older Fellows the remembrance of an honourable and estimable
man, who laboured earnestly for the promotion of natural science.
ICe has left a son, who succeeded him in business, but also retired
a few years ago, and who, it is but justice to add, has considerable
talent as an artist, and had no small share in the production of
some of his father's publications, and especially of the two Indexes
above-mentioned.

Among FoEEiGN Members our losses have been heavy, amount-
ing to no less than five : —

Charles Jules Laurent Lucien Bonaparte was the eldest son of
Lucien Bonaparte, brother of the fii"st Napoleon, by his second
marriage with Alexandrine de Bleschamps. He was born at Paris

Xlii PEOCEEDINGS Or THE

on the 14tli of May, 1803, and in 1804 aceompanied his father
into Italy, and was with him in 1810 on board the vessel in which
he made his unsuccessful attempt to proceed to America. Being
taken prisoners on their passage by an English cruiser, Lucien
and his family were brought to this country, where they passed
several years in the neighbourhood of Ludlow, where the young
Charles first betrayed that taste for natural history by which he
was afterwards so eminently distinguished. After the conclusion
of the peace of 1814, Lucien returned to Italy, and acquired by
purchase from the Apostolic Chamber the principality of Canino,
in the neighbourhood of Viterbo, while his son Charles took the
title of Prince of Musignano. Residing at Home for the next
seven years, the young Prince devoted himself with great ardour
to the study of natural history, successively taking up plants,
insects, and vertebrated animals, and finally attaching himself
especially to the class of Birds, which continued through life to be
his favourite study. In 1822 he married, at Brussels, his cousin
Zenaide, the eldest and only surviving daughter of his uncle,
Joseph Bonaparte, who was then residing, under the title of
Count de Survilliers, in the United States, whither Charles Lucien
also soon after proceeded with his youthful bride, and took up his
residence in the neighbourhood of his father-in-law. Here, in
1824, he published the first volume of his continuation of Wilson's
' American Ornithology,' which was followed by two other volumes
m 1828, and by a fourth in 1833. This important work, together
with the " Genera of North American Birds," published in the
'Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York,' in
1826 and 1827, at once established his reputation as a systematic
zoologist, and gave evident proof both of his extensive knowledge
of the subject, and of the unwearied industry with which he pur-
sued it. In 1827 he came to England, and was elected, at the early
age of 24, a Eoreign Member of the Linnean Society. On his
return to Rome in the following year, he commenced the forma-
tion of a spendid zoological cabinet, and soon after issued the first
numbers of a magnificent work entitled " Iconografia della Pauna
Italica per le quattro classi degli Animali Verteb.rati," three vols.
4to, Rome, 1832-42, which forms unquestionably the most com-
plete and elaborate work that is extant on tlie Vertebrated Pauna
of any country in the world. In 1837 he again visited England,
and communicated to oin* Society "A new Systematic Arrange-
ment of Vertebrated Animals," which was published in the eigh-
teenth volume of our ' Transactions,' and contained many valuable

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. xliii

suggestions in regard to the classification of the Vertehrata. On
the principal element of the primary subdivisions of the class
mammalia first promulgated in this paper, Professor Owen has
recently remarked in our ' Journal,' " that he considers it as the
most important improvement in the classification of mammalia
which has been proposed since the establishment of the natural
character of the Implacental or Ovo-\'iviparous division." From
this time the Prince became a frequent visitor at the meetings of
the British Association for the Advancement of Science ; and so
strongly was he impressed with the advantages derived from such
meetings, that he laboured long and successfully in the founda-
tion of a similar Association in Italy, the first meeting of which
took place at Pisa, in 1839, where and at the subsequent meetings,
until 18-47, he was constantly President of the Zoological Section,
to which he made many interesting communications. By the
death of his father in 1840, he succeeded to the title of Canino ;
and in 1844 he was elected a Corresponding Member of the
Academy of Sciences of the French Institute. He continued to
reside at Home, occupying himself incessantly with zoological
subjects, until the political events of 1847 rekindled in Italy the
revolutionary spirit, Avhen he threw himself ardently into the
Eepublican cause, and became President of the Eoman Constituent
Assembly, which position he retained until the Koman Hepublic
fell before the arms of France. Proscribed in Italy, he retired first
to England, but finally took up his residence at Paris, frequently,
however, visiting this country, especially with a view to the meet-
ings of the British Association. For some years past he had
sufiered severely from swelliugs and ulceration of the legs, which
at last terminated in dropsy of the chest, of which he died, after
much sufiering, at his house ia the Eue de Lille, at Paris, on the
30th of July, 1857, in the 55th year of his age. By his wife
Zenaide, who died in 1854, he had twelve children, nine of whom
survive him. The number of his works and papers comprised
in the list of the ' BibHographia Zoologiae ' of the Eay Society,
amounts to forty -nine ; but these extend no lower than 1842, and
consequently contain none of his later zoological writings. The
production of a complete " Systema Avium " was the great object
of his ambition ; and at this he laboured indefatigably, notwith-
standing his sufieriags, to the last hour of his life. The portions
relating to Insessores and GraUatores are already published, and
the remaiuder is left ia MS. ready for publication. A special
work, in continuation of Temminck's splendid Monograph of

xliv PKOCEEDINGS OF THE

Pigeons, of whicli several numbers have been publisbed, occupied
him up to the time of his death. This extreme ardour in the pur-
suit of science, and the unremitting attention which he devoted to
it, increasing even as his physical povp^ers gave way, were his most
striking characteristics. Confining himself to Vertebrated zoology,
and especially conversant with the class of Birds, which few men
have studied more successfully, his labours have contributed largely
to our knowledge of the faunas of Europe and of North America
in particular, to the improvement of their systematic arrangement,
to the establishment of many well-marked genera, and to the di-
stinction and description of a multitude of new or imperfectly-
known species. Of his conduct in public life it is not my busi-
ness to speak ; but I only echo the general sentiment in saying
that in private he was amiable and estimable, a warm friend, and
an agreeable companion.

Martin HeinricJi Karl Liclitenstein, Doctor of Medicine and
Philosophy, Member of the Moyal Academy of Sciences at Berlin,
Director of the Zoological Museum, and Professor of Zoology in
the University of that city, was born at Hambvirg, on the 10th of
January, 1780. He devoted himself to the study of medicine,
and took his Doctor's Degree at Helmstadt in 1801. In the
following year he became tutor to the children of General Janssen,
the Dutch Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, and accompanied
him, partly in that capacity and partly as his physician, to Southern
Africa. Soon after his arrival, he was made Surgeon-Major in the
battalion of Hottentot Light Infantry, raised for the Dutch ser-
vice, and was appointed in 1804 one of the Commissioners for
visiting several then unknown parts of the interior, on missions
connected with the outbreak of the war with the native races. In
this capacity he was enabled to collect a great amount of informa-
tion relative to the geography and natural history of the regions
which he visited, and in particidar to gratify that ardent inclina-
tion for zoological investigation which had become his ruling
passion. After the capture of the Cape by the English, he
returned to Holland with his patron, bringing with him large
collections and other materials, on which he laboured for several
years, and having settled at Berlin in 1810, commenced his
academical career in the following year as ordinary Professor of
Zoology in the University. The narrative of his African Travels,
published under the title of 'Eeisen im SiidHchen Africa,' two
vols. 8vo, Berlin, 1810-12, added greatly to the reputation which
he had already acquired, and was speedily translated into English

LINSTEAN SOCIETT OF LONDON. xlv

and other European languages. In 1815 lie was appointed First
Director of the Zoological Museum ; and in that capacity pub-
lished, in 1816, an 8vo volume, entitled ' Das Zoologische Museum
der Universitat zu Berlin ; ' and in subsequent years a series of
Catalogues under the title of " Verzeichniss der Dubletten des
Zoologischen Museums, &c.," in which many new species, especially
of birds, were from time to time described. His " Darstellung neuer
oder wenig bekannter Saugethiere in Abbildimgen und Beschrei-
bungen," a splendid folio work, published at Berlin from 1827 to
1829, contains figures and descriptions of many important animals
from the collection of the Berlin Museum ; and a multitude of
other works and essay s in the ' Transactions ' of the Berlin Academy,
in Wiegmann's 'Archiv,' and iu other periodicals, attest his con-
tinued attention to his favourite pursuit nearly to the close of his
long and useful life. Among these, not the least interesting and
instructive are his Commentaries on Marcgrave and Piso, and on
Hernandez, in which he has not only ably illustrated the labours
of those early pioneers of American zoology, but has added much
valuable information derived from the study of the important
collection of which he had the principal charge. In 1826 he
received the order of the Eed Eagle ; in 1835 he was elected a
Foreign Member of the Linnean Society ; and he died suddenly, at
Berlin, in September last, having nearly completed his 78th year.

Johannes Muller, M.D., Professor of Anatomy in the University
of Berlin, Member of the Royal Academy of Berlin, Foreign Mem-
ber of the Boyal Society of London, and Correspondent of the
French Institute, was born at Coblentz, on the 14th of July 1801,
became Professor at Berlin in 1831, Foreign Member of the
Linnean Society in 1837, and died at Berlin of an apoplectic
stroke on the 28th of April of the present year, in the 57th year
of his age. The news of the death of this great physiologist is so
recent, that I must entreat the Society to excuse my not having
prepared a sketch of his life, which has had too great an influence
on the existing state of science to be treated of without due con-
sideration.

Christian Gottfried Nees von Esendeck, President of the Imperial
Academy " Naturae Curiosorum,''' was born on the 14th of February
1776, and educated at the Paedagogium of Darmstadt, where he
first imbibed a taste for the pursuit of natural history. He studied
medicine at the University of Jena, where he took his Doctor's
Degree, and afterwards established himself as a practising phy-
sician at Frankfort-on-the-Maine. His first botanical publication

xlvi PBOCEEBIKGS OF THE

' Die Algen des siissen Wassers nach ihren Entwickelungsstufen
dargestellt,' Bamberg, 1814, 8yo, was speedily followed by a much
more important work in 4to, entitled ' Das System der Pilze und
Scbwamme,' Wiirtzburg, 1816. By these works he became so
favourably known, that in 1818 he was appointed Ordinary
Professor of Botany, and Director of the Botanic Grarden of the
University of Erlangen, where he published, as an introduction to
his first course of lectures, a ' Synopsis specierum generis Asterum
herbacearum, prsemissis nonnullis de Asteribus in genere, earum
structura et evolutione naturaU,' Erlangse, 1818, 4to, which he
enlarged in 1832 into a much more important book on the same
subject, under the title of ' Genera et Species Asterearum,'
Vratislavise, Svo. In the same year, 1818, he was appointed
editor of the ' Nova Acta Academiae Cesarege Leopoldino-Caro-
linae Naturae Curiosorum,' the direction of which he retained, as
President of the Academy, imtil his death. In 1819 he became
Ordinary Professor of Natural History in the University of Bonn,
where he laboured assiduously, in conjunction with his scarcely
less celebrated brother, Theodor Friedrich Ludwig, in the esta-
blishment of an excellent botanic garden, and where his lectures
were in high repute, until 1831, when he was transferred to the
Botanical Chair of the University of Breslau. Professor Nees
von Esenbeck was not only one of the most laborious, but also
one of the most distinguished systematic botanists of the present
century. His principal botanical publications, besides those
already mentioned, are his ' Handbuch der Botanik,' in two vols.
8vo, Niirnberg, 1820-1 ; his ' Agrostologia Brasiliensis,' forming
the second volume of Professor Von Martius's intended ' Flora
Brasiliensis,' 8vo, 1829 ; his * Cyperaceae Brasilienses ; ' his ' Na-
turgeschichte der Europaischen Lebermoose,' four vols. 8vo,
1833-38 ; his ' Systema Laurinearum,' 8vo. 1836 ; the " Acan-
thaceae" of DeCandolle's ' Prodromus ; ' and his "Monograj)h of
the East Indian Solanece,^^ printed in the seventeenth volume of
our * Transactions.' Besides these, he assisted largely in several
important works, published by his brother and other writers, and
wrote numerous papers in the ' Nova Acta,' and elsewhere. It
is not, however, as a botanist only that he deserved weU of natural
history ; as an entomologist also he is well known by his extensive
series of researches on the family of Ichneumonidcs and their allies,
of which his ' Monographie der Ichneumoniden,' two vols. 8vo,
Stuttgard, 1828, and his ' Hymenopterorum Ichneumonibus Afii-
nium Monographiae,' two vols. Svo, Stuttgard, 1830, contain the

LINNEAK SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlvii

most complete resume. But perhaps the greatest service that he
reudered to natural scieuce was in the revival of the German
Academy Naturae Curiosorum, after a repose of twenty-seven years,
and the skill and industiy Avhich, for a period of forty years,
he bestowed upon the superintendence of the highly important
series of its ' Transactions ' from the ninth to the twenty -fourth
volumes. He became a Foreign Member of the Lionean Society
in 1827, and communicated to us, in addition to the paper pre-
viously mentioned, " A Descriptive Catalogue of the Grmninece
and Cyperacece contained in the Indian Herbarium of Dr. Eoyle,"
the characters of the new genera contained in wliich are given in
the first volimie of our ' Proceedings.' He died at Breslau at the
commencement of the present year, in the 82nd year of his age.

Conrad Jacob TemmincTc, Member of the Moyal Academy of
Sciences of the ^Netherlands, and one of the most distinguished
ornithologists of the present century, was born at Amsterdam, of
a good family, on the 31st of March 1778. His father, Jacob
Teujminck, was Treasurer of the East India Company ; and he
was himself destined for a mercantile career, his friends obtaining
for him, at the age of 17, an appointment as one of the Yendu-
masters to the Company. In this capacity he had many oppor-
tunities of making himself acquainted with the numerous objects
of natural history brought home by the Company's ships. He
had also the advantage of studpng a small collection of birds
made by his father, whose taste for natural history led him to
give such recommendations and other assistance to Levaillant in
his voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, as induced the latter to
dedicate to him the first volume of his ' Oiseaux d'Afrique.'
Many of the specimens of birds brought home by Levaillant, and
still extant in the Museum at Leyden, were prepared by the
yoionger Temminck, who acquired great skill in the preservation of
the remains of animals, and especially of fishes, his mode of pre-
paring which became afterwards celebrated under the name of
Temminck's method. His intimacy with Levaillant contributed
in no small degree to increase his taste for natural history, and is
supposed to have given liim that facility in the use of the French
language, both in speaking and writing, which was so useful to
him in after-life ; but his chief instructor in natural science was
Bemhard Meyer, the collahorateur of Wolf in the well-known
' Taschenbuch der Deutschen Ornithologie,' with whom he was
united by ties of the closest friendship. For some time he busily
occupied himself in the formation of a fine collection of birds and

Xlviii PBOCEEDINGS OF THE

quadrupeds, and first appeared in the character of a writer in
a ' Catalogue Systematique du Cabinet d' Ornithologie et de la
Collection de Quadrumanes de C. J. Temminck ; avec une courte
description des Oiseaux non-decrits.' His next appearance in
print was as the author of the text of the first volume of the
splendid work of Madame Knip, ' Histoire Naturelle des Pigeons,'
Paris, 1808, which was followed by his ' Histoire Naturelle Gre-
nerale des Pigeons et Gallinaces,' Paris, 1813-15, three vols. 8vo.
These works established his reputation as one of the most accu-
rate and laborious of systematic ornithologists, and recommended
him to the notice of the then existing government. King Louis
appointed him one of his Chamberlains, and decorated him with
the Order of Union, which he had just established. After the
expulsion of the Prench, when the peace of Europe was again
threatened, he became for a short time Captain of a voliinteer
corps of cavalry formed in Amsterdam ; but these distractions
withdrew him only for a short time from his favourite pursuits.
In 1815 he published, in one vol. 8vo, his ' Manuel d' Ornitho-
logie, ou Tableau Systematique des Oiseaux qui se trouvent en
Europe,' which was afterwards expanded into four vols. 8vo, Paris,
1835-40, and was illustrated by an atlas by Werner, containing
figures of nearly all the birds described. In this, which must be
regarded as one of his most important works, he attempted to
establish a system differing in many respects from those which
had preceded ; but the accuracy of the descriptions, the extent
and careful elaboration of the synonymy, the detailed observa-
tions on the habits and change of plumage of the birds, and the
attention paid to their geographical distribution especially di-
stinguish this Manual as a most valuable contribution to Orni-
thological Science. His next great work, for which he had long
been preparing, was commenced in 1820, and completed in 1844,
under the title of ' Nouveau Eecueil de Planches Coloriees d' Oi-
seaux,' intended as a supplement to the ' Planches Enluminees '
of Buffbn, and containing 600 splendid folio plates. The name of
Baron Meiffren-Laugier is associated with his on the title ; but it
is well known that the Baron had no share in the scientific elabo-
ration of the work. In the same year in which he commenced
this great work, he was named, on the death of Brugmau, Director
of the Natural History Museum at Leyden, to which he transferred
his own extensive collection, and which, under his superintendence,
became in a few years equal in many respects, and in some supe-
rior, to the principal Museums in other states of Europe. The

LT2rKEA.>' SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlk

formation of this immense collection and the publication of lii3
great ornithological work did not_. however, so completely occupy
his time as to preclude him from giving some portion of his atten-
tion to the study of the mammalia ; and his two volumes of
' jMonographies de IMammalogie,' published in 4to at Paris and
at Leyden, beto^een 1825 and 1841, attest the extent of his ac-
quirements in that department of Zoological Science. His original
predilection for everything connected with the East Indies had
been strengthened and renewed by the acquisition and description
of a multitude of zoological novelties from the Dutch possessions
in tlie Eastern Islands, and was strongly evinced in his work
entitled ' Coup d'oeil general sur les Possessions iNeerlan daises
dans I'lnde Archipelagique,' 3 torn. Svo, Leide, 1847-9. Xor
must I omit to mention the splendid work, in tlu'ce volumes foHo,
published under his superintendence, chiefly by the officers of
the Leydeu Museum, imder the title of ' Yerhandeliugen over de
natuurlijke Geschiedenis des Xederlandsehe overzeesche bezit-
tingen,' or the important aid given by him to the ' Fauna'
Japonica' of Yon Siebold, likemse published under his direction.
His last work, published at Leyden in 1853 and the two follow-
ing years, imder the title of ' Esquisses Zoologiques sur la cote
de Gruinee,' affords conclusive evidence that, at the age of 77, his
industry was undiminished, his faculties were unimpaired, and he
continued to enjoy uninterrupted good health ; but in the course
of that year it became evident that his health was suffering, and
he died on the 30th of January in the present year, having nearly
completed his 80th year. He was tin-ice married, and has left a
widow and three sons by his last marriage. On his first visit to
England, in 1819, he laid before our Society " An Accoimt of some
new species of Birds of the genera Psittaciis and Columha, in the
Musemn of the Linnean Society," the greater part of which,
he states, were brought froin the south, east, and north coasts
of Xew Holland by Mr. Brown, who communicated much useful
information derived from his notes. This valuable memoir
was published in the thirteenth volume of our ' Transactions ; '
and in the following year, 1820, M. Temminck was elected a
Foreign Member of the Linnean Society. Besides the honours
which he received in his ovrn country, he was a Correspondent of
the Academy of Sciences of Paris, of the Eoyal Academy of Sciences
of Berlin, of the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg, and of many
other scientific bodies. He had also received the decorations of
the Lion of the Netherlands, of the Legion of Honour, and of the

LIlsN. PROC. d

1 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE

Portuguese Order of tlie Conception. Many of his detached
memoirs, in addition to the more important works above quoted,
will be found in the ' Annales Generales des Sciences Physiques,'
in the 'Bijdragen tot de Natuurkundige Wetenschappen,' in the
' Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Greschiedenis,' and in the ' Proceed-
ings of the Zoological Society.'

The Secretary also announced that twenty Fellows, two Foreign
Members, and one Associate, had been elected since the last
Anniversary.

At the election which subsequently took place, Thomas Bell,
Esq., was re-elected President ; Francis Boott, Esq., M.D., Trea-
surer ; John Joseph Bennett, Esq., Secretary ; and George Busk,
Esq., Under- (Zoological) Secretary. The following five Fellows
were elected into the Council in the room of others going out : —
viz. Charles Cardale Babington, Esq. ; William Benjamia Car-
penter, Esq., M.D. ; Charles Darwin, Esq. ; Daniel Hanbury, Esq. ;
and S. James A. Salter, Esq., M.B.

The President nominated Francis Boott, Esq., M.D. ; Eobert
Brown, Esq., D.C.L. ; Eichard Owen, Esq., D.C.L. ; and William
Wilson Saunders, Esq., Vice-Presidents for the ensuing year.

In pursuance of the Eesolution of the Special G-eneral Meeting
of June 17th, 1856, the Coimcil, on the 24th of June, 1856, in-
Adted the Members to enter into a subscription for defraying the
expenses attendant on the Society's removal to Burlington House ;
and the Treasurer now reported the following

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

Thomas Bell, Esq. {President) £50

£ s. d.
Bennett, J. J., Esq. {Secre-
tary) 20

Bentliam, G., Esq. . . . 20

Bentley, E., Esq 5

BlackwaU, J., Esq. . . . 10
Boott, F., Esq., M.D., V.P.

{Treasurer) 20

Borrer, W., Esq 10

Botiielcl, B., Esq 20

Bowerbank, J, S., Esq. . . 20

£

s.

d.

Adams, H., Esq

2

2

Alexander, E.G., Esq., M.D.

10

Ansell, T., Esq., M.D. . .

2

2

Archer, W., Esq

5

Ashton, E. J., Esq. . . .

5

Atkinson, W., Esq. . . .

5

5

Babington, C. C, Esq., M. A.

5

Baird, W., Esq., M.D, . .

1

1

Barlow, Eev. John, M.A. .

5

Bedingfeld, Eey. J. . . .

1

1

linneajS- society of L0>'D0>'.

£ s. (I.
Biisbane, Geu. Sir T. M.,

Bart 10

Brooke, H. J., Esq. ... 5
Bro-sra, E., Esq., D.C.L.,

Y.P 20

Biydges, Sii- H. J. J., Bai-t. 10
Buccleucli, H. G. the Duke

of 20

BucktoH, a. B., Esq. . . 10 10
Burchell,W.J.,Esq.,D.C.L. 5

Busk, G., Esq 10 10

Cautley, Sir P. T., K.C.B. .500
Christy, H., Esq. . . . 20
CoUiiigwoocl,C.,Esq.,M.A. 110

Couch, J., Esq 10

Cummg, H., Esq. ... 5

Ciui-ey, F., Esq 2 2

Darwin, C, Esq., M.A. . 20
Daubeny, C. G. B., Esq.,

M.D.^ 5

Deaiie, H., Esq 2

Dickinson, J., Esq. ... 20
DiUwyn, L. L., Esq., M.P. 10
Dyster, F. D., Esq., M.D. .500
Edgeworth, M. P., Esq. . 15

Ewer, ^Y., Esq 20

Falconer, H., Esq., M.D. .500
Ferguson, W., Esq. ... 2 2

Forster, J., Esq 5

Francis, ^Y., Esq., Ph.D. .500
Ganiier,Tery Eev.T.,D.D.,

Dean of Winchester . . 20
Gaskoin, J. S., Esq. . . . 10
Goderich, Lord Yiscoimt,

M.P 10 10

Gould, J., Esq 2 2

Hamilton, E., Esq., M.D. .500
Hanbmy, D., Esq. ... 10
Hankey, J. A., Esq. . . . 20

Hawkes, Eev. H 2

Henderson, J., Esq. ... 1 1
Henslow, Eev. J. S., M.A. .500
Hewai'd, E., Esq. ...110

Hincks, Eer. W 110

Hogg, J., Esq., M.A. ..330
Hooker, Sir W. J., K.H. . 20
Hooker, J. D., Esq., M.D. . 20
Horsfield, T., Esq., M.D. . 10

£ s. d.
Howson, Eev. J., M.A. ..220
Hudson, E., Esq. . . . 20
Iliff, W. T., Esq., M.D. ..110
Janson, T. C, Esq. ... 11 4

Jesse, J., Esq 5

Jones, J. D., Esq., M.D. .110
Kennedy, B., Esq. ... 5

Eippist, E., Esq 5

Lance, J. H., Esq. ... 2 2
Luidley, J., Esq., Ph.D. . 20
LyeU, Sir C, M.A., D.C.L. 6
M'Andi-ew, E., Esq. . . 10
Mallard, Lieut. C, E.X. .500
Mami, T. W., Esq. ... 2 2

Miers, J., Esq 20

MHes, Eev. C. P., M.A. . ,500
MitcheU, D. W., Esq. ..110
Morson, T. X. E., Esq. ..500
Miu-chisou,Sii-E.L, D.C.L. 10
Osborn, W., Esq. ... 3 3
Owen,E.,Esq.,D.C.L.,Y.P. 10 10
Owen, E. B., Esq., M.D. .200
Pamplin, TV., Esq. ... 1 1
Peckover, A., Esq. . . , 10

Penney, W., Esq 110

Potter, H. G., Esq. ... 5
Pratt, S. P., Esq. . „ . 5
Eead,W.H.E.,Esq.,M.A. 5
Eeeves, J. E., Esq. . . . 20
Eichardson,Sir J., C.B. .200
Eigby, E., Esq., M.D. . . 10
Eotheiy, H. C, Esq. . . 10 10
EusseIl,J.W.,Esq.,D.C.L. 10
Sahnon, J. D., Esq. ... 5
Salter, S. J. A., Esq., M.B. 5

Sansom, T., Esq 110

Saimders,W.W.,Esq.,Y.P. 20
Seemann, B., Esq., Ph.D. .500
Slieppard, Major E.,E.A. . 2 2
Solly, E. H., Esq. . . . 20
SoUy, W. H., Esq. ... 5 5

Spence, W., Esq 20

Stockdale, Eev. W., M.A. .500
Syuie, J. T., Esq. ... 2 2

Tagart, Eev. E 5

Tagart, F., Esq 5

Taylor, E., Esq. (Under

Secretary) 20

c?2

lii

rPvOCEEDlHGS OF THE

Thomson, J., Esq., M.D.
Thomson, T., Esq., M.D.
Thwaites, G. H. K., Esq.
Townley, J., Esq. . .
TuUoch, J., Esq. . . .
Van Yoorst, J., Esq.
Vinen, E. H., Esq., M.D.
Wakefield, F., Esq. . .
Wakefield, K., Esq. . .
Ward, N. B., Esq. . .
Waring, E., Esq., M.D.
Watson, II. C, Esq. .
Westwood, J. 0., Esq. .

£

s.

d.

1

1

20

3

2

2

0'

5

10

10

1

1

5

10

10

5

10

2

2

Wheelci', J. L., Esq.
White, Alfi-ed, Esq. .
Wight, E., Esq., M.D.
Windsor, J., Esq. . • , 2
WoUaston, T. V., Esq. . . 5

Woods, J., Esq 5

Yai-reU, W., Esq. (late

Treasurer) 20

Yates, J., Esq., M.A. . . 20
Yonng, J. F., Esq., M.D. .220

110

10

10

2 2

5

Total .... £1108 15

June 3rd, 185S.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in tlie Chair.

Tropdyer Merricks Buckton, E,^q., was elected a Fellow.

The s]:ecial thanks of the Society were directed to be presented
to Professor Andersson, of Stockholm, for his very acceptable pre-
sent of a cast from the bust of Linnseus (at the age of 64 years)
in the Meetiug-Eoom of the Academy of Sciences at Stockholm.

Eead, first, a ISTote " On the death of the Common Hive-Bee,
supposed to be occasioned by a parasitic Pungus;" by the Eev.
H. Higgins. Communicated by the President. (See " Zoological
Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 29.)

Eead, secondly, a Paper " On some points in the Anatomy of
ITaidUus pompilius ■" by T. H. Huxley, Esq., P.E.S. Communi-
cated by the Zoological Secretar3\ (See "Zoological Proceed-
ings," vol. iii. p. 36.)

Eead, thirdly, " Xatural- History Extracts from the Journal of
Captain Denham, H.M. Survepng Vessel ' Herald,' 1857, 1858 ;"
Communicated hj the Hydi'ographic Office of the Admiralty. (See
"Zoological Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 32.)

Eead, fourthlj^, a " jSTotice of the discovery of a gigantic species
of Eg^iiisetum, upwards of tAventy feet high, at Canaloo in the

LIJS'SDAN SOCIETi' or LONDOK. liii

Andes of Peru;" by Ei chard Spruce, Esq. Comiramicated by
Dr. J. D. Hooker, P.L.S.

Eead, fifthly, a Note " On the Nidi and habits of a species of
Lumhrictis, found in the Loudon Clay near Highgate ;" by J. W.
"Wetherell, Esq. Communicated by James Tates, Esq., E.L.S.
(See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 31.)

Eead, sixthly, a '^ Description of AmorjyJiojnis, a new genus of
Crustacea, of the Pamily of PinnotlieridcB -" by Thomas Bell, Esq.,
President of the Linnean Society.

June 17th, 1858.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

The necessary business of the meeting having been disposed of,
it was proposed by the President, and unanimously resolved : —

" That in. consequence of the recent death of Eobert Brown,
Esq., Yice-President, and formerly President of the Society,
and in consideration of his long connexion with, and eminent
services to the Society and to Natiu-al Science, the meeting
should now adjourn."

In proposing this resolution, the President made the following
observations : —

Gentlemen, — It becomes my very painful duty to advert for a
few moments to the unspeakable loss which has accrued to science
in general, and to the Linnean Society particularly, since oiu' last
meeting. At that time I could not shut my eyes to the probability
that before we should again meet, science and society would be de-
prived of one who was equally the ornament of both. That event,
as you are well aware, has now occurred, and Eobert Brown is
removed from amongst us. I will not, on such an occasion as the
present, attempt to offer you a formal eulogy on one whom you
aU knew so well, and loved and respected so warmly. I will not
dwell upon his unequalled attainments in his favourite science,
on the extent and variety of his learning, on his wide and pro-
found research, his acute discrimination, his solid good sense, the

liv PROCEEDINGS OE THE

quiet reflective wisdom of his decisions on points of doubt and
difiiculfcy, — these and the other qualities of his clear and acute
intellect will hereafter have full justice done to them by an abler
hand than mine. But I cannot suppress the expression of my
deep sorrow at the loss of that warm and kindly heart, that
cheerful and genial spirit, those cordial and benevolent afiections,
and that intense love of justice, which combined to render our
departed friend as heartily and warmly loved, as he was deeply
respected and revered.

One of our lamented friend's latest acts evinced the unfailing
interest which he continued to the last to take in the welfare of
the Linnean Society. Only a week before his death he placed in
Mr. Bennett's hands, to be given up to the Society, the two bonds
for one hundred pounds each, which he held as security for two
shares of the loan by which we were enabled to purchase the
Linnean collection. You will agree with me that such a proof of
his attachment, on the near approach of his final separation from
us, ought not to be passed over without a grateful record.

I am spared the necessity of detaining you with any longer
detail, by the opportunity of referring you to a beautiful and
touching notice of his great merits which appears in the ' Times '
of this morning, in which you will easily recognize the hand of
one of our most valued members, who knew him perhaps better
than any other, and by whose unceasing tender and all but filial
devotion, his last days and nights were soothed and comforted
and cheered. The latest moments of that true and affectionate
friend, to what period soever his life may be prolonged, will be
brightened by the hallowed reflection of the peace which he
brought to the dying hours of him whom he so much loved and
revered.

July 1st, 1858.

Special Meeting.

Thomas BeU, Esq., President, in the Chair.

The meeting having been specially summoned for the Election
of a Member of Council in place of Robert Brown, Esq.. Y.P.,
deceased, G-eorge Bentham, Esq., was elected a Member of Council
in his place.

LINIfEAN SOCIETY OE LOITDOlSr, Iv

The President nominated G-eorge Bentham, Esq., to be a Vice-
President in tlie place of Robert Brown, Esq., for the ensuing
year.

It was moved by Sir C, Lyell, seconded by IMr. Bennett, and
resolved unanimously : —

"That this Meeting desires most emphatically to record its
deep sense of the eminent services rendered by the late
Robert Brown, Esq., both to the Liunean Society and to
Botanical Science, by the entire devotion of a long life and
of talents of the Idghest order, to the promotion of the great
objects for which the Society was formed.

" That it looks back AArith heartfelt satisfaction to the long period
of sixty years, during which Mr. Brown was connected with
the Society, as an Associate, as Librarian, as a Fellow, as a
Vice-President, and as President ; and is profoundly sensible
of the honoiu' which the Society has derived from its long
and intimate connexion with so great a master in Botanical
Science.

" That whUe thus recording its high appreciation of the eminent
talents of this great man, and of their successful application
to the pursuits of Natural Science, this Meeting cannot re-
frain from also paying a just tribute to the simple-hearted
benevolence of disposition, the high moral purity of mind,
and the unswerving rectitude of judgment, which formed the
most striking distinctions of his individual character.

" That, influenced by these various considerations, this Meeting
deeply deplores the loss which the Liunean Society and
Natural Science have sustained by the death of so distin-
guished, and at the same time so estimable, a man."

Eead, first, a Letter from Sir Charles Lyell, P.L.S., and Dr. J. D.
Hooker, P.L.S., addressed to the Secretary, as introductory to
the following Papers on the laws which affect the production of
Varieties, Eaces, and Species, viz. : —

1. An "Extract from a MS. work on Species, by Charles
Darwin, Esq., E.E.S., P.L.S., &c., sketched in 1839 and copied
in 1844."

2. An " Abstract of a Letter addressed by Mr. Darwin to
Professor Asa Gray, of Boston, U.S., in October 1857."

3. An " Essay on the Tendency of Varieties, &c. to depart

Ivi rnocEEUiyGS of the li:s2?ean society oe londok.

indefinitely from the Original Type," by A. E. "Wallace, Esq.
(For these Papers, see " Zoological Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 45,)

Eead, secondly, " Xotes on the Organization of Pharcnis Sip-
pocrepis-;' by F. D. Dyster, Esq., M.D., F.L.S. (8ee "Trans-
actions," vol. xxii.)

!Read, thirdly, " Observations on the Metamorphosis of Ammo-
. ccstus'," by — Highley, Esq. Communicated by the President.

Eead, foui'thly, a " Description of Hanburya, a new genus of
Cucurbitacecc \'' by Berthold Seemann, Esq., Ph.D., F.L.S.

Eead, fifthly, a MS. Memoir by the late Professor Pavon, en-
titled " Nueva Quinologia;" with observations by John Eliot
Howard, Esq., F.L.S.

Eead, sixthly, two Letters " On the Vegetation of the Portu-
guese territories in "Western Africa," addressed to William "Wilson
Saunders, Esq., "V.P.L.S., by Dr. Friedrich AN^ehvitsch. (See
"Botanical Proceedings," vol. iii.)

Ivii

ADDITIONS

LIBRAUy OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

EECEIVED FROM JUNE 20, 1857, TO JUNE 30, 1858,

\^Continued from Vol. II. page Ivi.]

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies.

Amsterdam : — Kou. Akademie van AVetenschappeu.

Verslagen en Mededeelingen. Afdeeliug NatuurJcunde,
deel 5, stuk 2 & 3, & deel 6. Amsterdam, 1856-57, 8vo.

Afdeeliug LetterTctinde, deel 2, stuk 2—4;. lb.

1856-57, 8vo. Tue Academy.

Basel : — Katurforschende Gesellschaft. Verhaudlimgen, lieft 4.
Basel, 1857, 8vo. The Society.

Batavia : — Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en "Weten-
scbappen. Tijdschrift voor Indisclie Taal-, Land-, en
A^olkenkunde, deel 3-5. Batavia, 1854-56, 8vo.

The Society.
Berlin : —

Konigl. Akademie der "Wissenschaffcen.

xibliandlimgen aiis dem Jalire 1856. Berlin, 1857, 4to.
Monatsbericlit ; von Jauuar— Dec. 1857. Ih. 1857-58, 8vo.

The Academy.

Verein zur Beforderung des Gartenbanes in den K. Preus-

sischen Staaten. Yerkandlungen, Neue Eeihe, jahrg. 4,

heft 2 & 3. Berlin, 1857, 8vo. The Society.

Berwickshire Naturalists' Club. Proceedings, vol. 3, no. 7,

and vol. 4, no. 1. London and Alnwick, 1857, 8vo.

The Cluf.

Iviii ADDITIOKS TO THE LIBEAET,

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies (continued).
Bombay : —

Asiatic Society (Bombay Branch). Journal, no. 20. Bom-
bay, 1857, 8vo. The Society.
Hon. East India Company's Observatory. Magnetical and
Meteorological Observations made at, in tbe years 1854-56.
Bombay, 1856-57, fol. The Compact.
Bonn : — J^Tatiu'liistorisclier Verein. Verbandlungen, jabrg. 13,
heft 4, & 14, beft 1. Bonn, 1856-57, 8vo.

The Association.
Boston : —

American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Memoirs, New
Series, vol. 6, part 1. Cambridge and Boston, 1857, 4to.

The Academy.
Society of I^atiu-al History. Proceedings, vol. 5, sheets
21-27, and vol. 6, sheets 1-10. Boston, 1856, 8vo.

The Society.

Breslau: — Imperial Academy "Naturae Curiosorum." Nova

Acta, vol. 23, suj)plementum. Vratisl. et Bonnfe, 1856,

4to. The Academy.

Brussels : — Academic Eoyale des Sciences, &c.

Memoires couronnes, &c. Collection in 8vo : tome 8.

Bruxelles, 1858, 8vo.
Bulletins. 2" serie, tomes 1-3. Ih. 1857, 8vo.
Annuaire. 24'' annee. Ih. 1858, 12mo. The Academy.
Calcutta: — Asiatic Society. Journal, vols. 14-23. Calcutta,
1845-54, Bvo. The Society.

Canada : — Geological Survey. Eeport of Progress for tbe years
1853-56 (with plans of lates and rivers between Lake
Huron and E. Ottawa). Toronto, 1857, 4to.

Sir W. E. Logan.
Charleston, S. Car. : — Elliott Society of Natural History. Pro-
ceedings, sheets 7-11. 1856-57, 8vo. The Society.
Cherbourg : — Societe des Sciences Naturelles. Memoires,
tome 4. Paris, 1856, 8vo. The Society.

Copenhagen : — Kong. Danske Yidenskarbemes Selskab.
Oversigt i aar. 1856. Kjdbeuhavn, Bvo.
Supplement aux Tables du Soleil. Tb, 1857, 4to.

The Society.

Cornwall : — it. Cornwall Polytechnic Society. Annual Beport

(24th). Eahnouth, 1856, 8vo. The Society.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEAET. lix

Titles. Donoes.

Academies aud Societies (continued).
Dublin :~

Geological Society. Joiirual, vol. 1, parts 2-4 ; vol ii.
parts 1-3 ; and vol. 7, parts 3-5. Dublin, 1834-57, 8vo.

The Society.
Natural History Society. Journal and Proceedings for
1856-57. Dublin, 8vo. The Society.

Eoyal Irish Academy.

Transactions, vol. 22, part 2. Dublin, 1850, 4to.
Catalogue of the Antiquities of Stone, Earthen, and
Yegetable Materials in its Museum, by "W. E. Wilde.
Dublin, 1857, 8vo. The Academy.

Edinburgh : — Soyal Society.

Transactions, vol. 21, part 4. Edinburgh, 1857, 4to.
Proceedings, no. 47. lb. 1857, 8vo. The Society.

Giessen: — Oberhessischen Gresellschaft fiir Natur- und heil-
kunde. Bericht 4-6. Griessen, 1854-7, 8vo.

The Society.
Gottingen: — Kongl. Gresellschaft der Wissenschaffcen, &c.
Abhandluugen, band 7. Gottingen, 1857, 4to.

The Society.

Halle : — Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fiir Sachsen, &c. Zeit-

schrift fiir die gesammten Naturwissenschaften : redigirt

von C. Giebel und W. Heintz. Band 10, heft 7-12.

Berlin, 1857, 8vo. The Society.

Lausanne : — Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles. Bulletin,

nos. 38-41. Lausanne, 1856-57, 8vo. The Society.

Leeds : —

Geological and Polytechnic Society of the West Eiding.

Eeport of the Proceedings for 1856-57. Leeds, 1857,

8vo. The Society.

Philosophical aud Literary Society. Eeport (37th) . Leeds,

1857, 8vo. The Society.

Liege : — Societe E. des Sciences. Memoires, tomes 11 & 13.

Liege, 1856-58, 8vo. The Society.

Lisbon : — Academia E. das Sciencias.

Historia e Memorias. 2* serie, tomo 1-3. Lisboa, 1843-56,

4to.
Memorias : — Xova Serie.

Classe 1^. Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas, e Naturaes ;
tomo 1, parte 1 «fe 2. lb. 1854-55, 4to.

Ix ADDITIONS TO THE LlBllAllY.

Titles. Donoes.

Academies aud Societies (continued).

Lisbon: — Memorias — Nova Serie (continued).

Classe 2*. Sciencias Moraes, Politicas, e Bellas Lettras,
tomo 1, parte 1 & 2, aud tomo 2, parte 1. lb. 1854i-57,
4to.
Aunaes das Sciencias e Lettras,

Classe 1. Sciencias Mathem.-Phys., &c., tomo 1, nos. 1-7.

lb. 1857, Svo.
Classe 2". Sciencias Moraes e Politicas, &c., tomo 1,
nos. 1-5. lb. 1857, Svo.
Portugalise monumenta liistorica. Scriptorea, vol. 1, fasc. 1.
Olisipone, 1856, fol.

Leges et Consuetudines, vol. 1. fasc. 1. lb. 1856, fol.

The Academy.

Liverpool : — Literary aud PIiilosopLical Society. Proceedings,

no. 11. Liverpool, 1857, 8vo. The Society.

London : —

A.rt-TJnion.

Beport of the Council for 1857 ; with a List of the Mem-

"bers. London, 1857, Svo.

Almanac for 1858. lb. 12mo. The Aet-Uniof.

Athengeum. List of the Members, 1857 ; and Donations to the

Library in 1854-56. London, 1857, 12mo. The Club.

British Association. Eeport of the 26th Meeting. London,

1857, Svo. The Association.

Entomological Society. Transactions. New Series, vol. 4,

part 4. London, 1857, Svo, The Society.

"Si-eological Society. Quarterly Journal, vol. 13, parts 2-4,

and vol. 14, parts 1 & 2. London, 1857, Svo.

The Society.
Greological Survey of Great Britain. Memoii's.

British Organic Eemaina ; decades 5, S, & 9. London,

1855-58, 4to.
Mining Eecords. Mineral Statistics of the United Kingdom
for 1853-56 ; by Eobert Hunt, F.E.S. II. 1855-57, Svo.
On the Tertiary Fluvio-marine Formation of the Isle of
Wight ; by Professor E. Forbes, F.E.S. lb. 1856, Svo,
The Iron-ores of Great Britain, part 1. lb. 1856, Svo.
The Geology of the country around Cheltenham ; by
Edward Hull, A.B., F.G.S., &c. lb. 1857, Svo.

Heb Majesty's Govebnment.

ADDlTIOirS TO THE LIBHABX. 1x1

Titles. Dokoes.

Academies and Societies {continued),
London (continued) : —

Medical and Chiriirgical Society.

Transactions, vol. 40. London, 1857, 8vo.
Proceedings, vol. 1, no. 3, and vol. 2, no. 1. lb. 1857-58,
8vo. The Society.

Microscopical Society : — -v. Journals.
Pharmaceutical Society : — v. Journals.
Eoyal Society.

Philosophical Transactions for 1856, and parts 1 & 2 for

1857. London, 185G-58, 4to.
Proceedings, vol. 8, nos. 26-31. Ih. 1857-58, 8vo.

The Society.
Eoyal Agricultural Society, Journal, vol. 18. London, 1857,
8vo. The Society.

Eoyal Astronomical Society.

Memoirs, vols. 25 & 26. London, 1857-58, 4to.
Monthly Notices, vols. 16 & 17. Ih. 1856-57, 8vo.

The Society.
Eoyal Greograpliical Society.

Joui'nal, vol. 27. London, 1857, 8vo.
Proceedings, vol. 1, nos. 9-11, and vol. 2, nos. 1 & 2. Ih.
1857-58, 8vo, The Society.

Eoyal Institution.

Notices of the Meetings, part 7. Loudon, 1857, 8vo.
List of the Z\Iembers, &c., with the Eeport of the Visitors

for 1856. Ih. 1857, 8vo.
Classified Catalogue of the Librar}^, by B. Vincent, Assist.
Sec. Ih. 1857, 8vo. The I]«fSTiTUTio]s'.

Society of Arts. Joiu-nal, nos. 239-92. London, 1857-58.

The Society.
Zoological Society.

Transactions, vol. 4, part 4. London, 1857, 4to.
Proceedings, nos. 294-95, and 327-49. London, 1856-58,

8vo.
Illustrations to do. for 1855 and 1856., 8vo. The Society.
Madrid: — E. Academia de Ciencias. S'* serie. Ciencias
Naturales, tomo 2, parte 2. Madrid, 1857, 4to.

The Academy.

Manchester: — Literary and Philosophical Society. Memoirs,

2nd series, vol. 14. London, 1857, Svo. The Society.

1x11 additions to the libbaet.

Titles Donoes.

Academies and Societies {continued).

Montreal: — Natural History Society. Canadian Naturalist
and Geologist, vol. 2. no. 1. Montreal, 1857, 8vo.

The Societt.
MoseoAV : — Societe Imp. des Natui'alistes. Bulletin, tome 29,
nos. 2-4, and tome 30, no. 1. Moscow, 1856-57, Svo.

The Society.
Municli : — Kon. Bayerisclie Akademie der "Wissenschaften.

Abhandlungen der Matliematiscli-physicalisclien Classe,

band 8, abtb. 1. Miincben, 1857, 4to.
Gelebrte Anzeigen, band 42-44. Ih. 1856-57, 4to.

The Academy.

Neustadt-a.-d.-Hayn. : — Pollichia (ein Naturwissenschafblicbe

Verein der Bayeriscben Pfalz). Jaliresbericbt 14. Neu-

stadt-a.-d.-H., 1856, Svo. The Association.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne : — Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club.

Transactions, vol. 3, part 3. Newcastle-upon-Tyne,

1857, 8vo. The Club.

New Tori? : — American Geograpbical and Statistical Society.

Eeports on Syrian Exploration. New Tork, 1857, Svo.

The Society.
Paris : —

Academic des Sciences de I'lnstitut. Comptes Eendus,
tomes 44 & 45. Paris, 1857, 4to. The Academy.

Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. Arcbives, tome 9, livr. 4.
Paris, 1856-57, 4to.

The Administration of the Museum.

Societe Botanique. Bulletin, tome 2, nos. 3 & 4, tome 4,

and tome 5, no. 1. Paris, 1855-58, Svo. The Society.

Societe Entomologique de Prance. Annales, 3'' serie, tomes

2-5. Paris, 1854-57, Svo. The Society.

Petersbui'g : — Academic Imp. des Sciences.

Memoires. 6^ serie. Sciences Naturelles, tome 7. St.

Petersboiu'g, 1855, 4to.
Memoires presentes par divers Savants, tome 7. Ih. 1854,

4to.
Comptes Eendus, 1852-55. II. 1853-56, Svo.

The Academy.
Pbiladelpbia : —
Academy of Natural Sciences.

Journal. New Series, vol. 3, part 4, Pbiladelpbia, 1858, 4to.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRAET. Ixiii

Titles. Donobs.

Academies and Societies {continued).

Pbiladelpliia : — Academy of Natural Sciences (continued) .

Proceedings, vol. 8, nos. 5&G (1856), sheets 1-16 for 1857,

and sheets 1-6 for 1858. Ih. 8vo.
Act of Incorporation, By-laws, &c. lb. 1857, 8vo.

The Academy.
American Philosophical Society.

Transactions. New Series, vol. 11, part 1. Philadelphia,

1857, 4to.
Proceedings, nos. 55 & 56. Ih. 1856, 8vo. The Society.
Stettin : — Entomologischer Verein.

Entomologische Zeitung, jahrgang 18. Stettin, 1857, 8vo.
Linnsea Entoinologica, band 12. Berhn, 1858, 8vo.

The Associatiok.
Stockholm : — Kongl. Yetenskaps-Atademien.

Handlingar for 1854. Afdel. 2. Stockholm, 1856, 8vo.

ny Poljd. Band 1. Haftet 1. Ih. 1855, 4to.

Ofversigt. Arg. 13. Ih. 1856, 8vo.

Ars-berattelser om Botaniska Arbeten, &c., for 1852-54 ;

af J. E. Wikstrom, & N. J. Andersson, Ih. 1856-57,

Bvo.

Berattelse om Eramstegen i Insekternas, Myriapodemas,

&c. Natural-historia for 1853-54, af C. H. Boheman.

Ih. 1857, 8vo. The Academy.

Turin : — E. Accademia delle Scienze. Memorie, serie 2, tomo

16. Torino, 1857, 4to. The Academy.

Yienna : —

Kaiserl. Akademie der TVissenschaften.

Denkschriften. Mathem.-natiu'w. Classe, band 12-13.

Wien, 1856-57, 4to.
Sitzungsberichte. Mathem.-naturw. Classe, band 20, heft 2
& 3, bd. 21, 22, 23 & 24. Ih. 1856-57, 8vo.

Eegister. zu band 11-20. Ih. 1856, 8vo.

Almanaeh. Jahrgang 17. Ih. 1857, 8vo.

The Academy.
K. K. G-eologische Eeichs-anstalt. Jahrbiicher, jahrg. 7,
no. 4, & 8, no. 1. AVien, 1856-57, 8vo.

The Institute.
Yersammlung (32) Deutscher Naturforscher und Aertzte in
Wien, im J. 1856. Tageblatter, nos. 1-8, 4to.

The Imp. Academy of Sciences; Yienna.

ixiV ABDi^ClONS TO THE IIBRAKX.

TlTL-ES. DONOBS.

Academies and Societies (continued) >
Vienna (continued) ; —

Zoologiscli-botanischer Verein.

Verliandlungen, band 6. Wien, 1856, Svo.
Separatabdruck Naturwissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen.
lb. 1856, Svo. The Association.

"Wasliingtou : — Smithsonian Institution.

Contributions to Knowledge, vol. 9. "Washington, 1857, 4to.
Annual Eeport of the Board of Eegents. Ih. 1857, Svo.

The Institution.
"Wisconsin, U.S. : —

State Historical Society. Annual Eeports 1 & 2. Madi-
son, 1855-56, Svo. The Society.
Geological Survey. Annual Eeport of, by J. G-. Percival.
Madison, 1856, Svo.

The State Historical Society, Wisconsin.
University. Annual Eeport (9tb) of the Board of Eegeuts.
Madison, 1857, Svo.

The State Historical Society, Wisconsin.
State Agricultural Society. Transactions, vols. 1-3. Ma-
dison, 1852-51<, Svo. The Society.
Wllrzbui'g : — Physicaliseli-mediciniscbe G-esellscliaft. Verband-
langen, band 7, heft 3, & band 8, heft 1-3. Wilrzburg,
1857-58, Svo. The Society.

Anonymous : —

Leverian Museum, Priced Sale Catalogue of. London,

1806, Svo. Thomas Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

London Catalogue of British Plants. 5tli edition. Loudon,

1857, Svo. William Pamplin, A.L.S.

Madison (Wisconsin) Directory. Madison, 1855, Svo ; and

Charter of the City. lb. 1856, Svo.

Historical Society oe Wisconsin.

Acerbi (A.) Travels through Sweden, Pinland, Lapland, &c., in

1798-99. 2 vols. London, 1802, 4to.

E. Hudson, Esq., E.E. & L.S.
Acland (H. W.) Note on teaching Physiology in the Higher

Schools. Oxford, 1858, 12mo. The Author.

Allis (T.) On the Sclerotic Eing of the Eyes of Birds and Eep-

tiles, York, 1855, Svo. The Author.

additions to the libbabt. ixv

Titles. Donoes.

Ambrosi (F.) Flora del Tirolo Meridionale, vol. 1 & vol. 2, punt. 1.

Padova, 1854-57, 8vo. The Authob,

Archer (W.) Original Dravdngs of Tasmanian Orchidese. 4to.

W. Aechee, Esq., F.L.S.

Baird (W.) Notes on the Pood of some Freshwater Fishes, more

particularly the Vendace and Trout. 1857, 8vo. The Atjthob.

Cyclopaedia of the Natural Sciences. London, 1858, 8vo.

The Authob.

Bastian (H. C.) Flora of Falmouth and surrounding Parishes.

8vo. The Authob.

Bentham (G.) Handbook of the British Flora. London, 1858,

12mo. The Authob.

Bernouilli (C. Gr.) Die Cre:^sskryptogamen der Schweitz. Basel,

1857, 8vo. The Authob.

Binney (A.) and Gould (A. A.) Terrestrial air-breathing Mol-

lusks of the United States, &c., vol. 3. Boston, 1857, 8vo.

The Executobs of De. Bikistet.
Boott (F.) Illustrations of the Genus Carex. London, 1858, fol.

The Authob.

Brody (G. S.) Flora of "Weston and its immediate Neighbourhood.

"Weston-super-Mare, 1856, 8vo. The Authob.

Caspary (R.) Ueber den Anatomischen Ban der Casuarinen.

1839, 8vo. The Authob.

Ueber "Wachsthumsverhaltnisse der Coniferen. 8vo.

The Authob.

Z\ir Kenntniss der Balanophoren. 1849, 4to. The Authob.

Ueber die Existenz eines absteigenden Saftes in unseren

einheimischen Baumen. 1852, 8vo. The Authob.

Ueber die... kultivirtenllex-arten. 1854, 8vo. The Authob.

Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Dracaneen. Breslau, 1854, 4to.

The Authob.

Ueber Botanische Museen ; insbesondere ueber das an der

Universitat Breslau. GoerHtz, 1856, 8vo. The Authob,

Die officinellen Pflanzen unserer Garten, &c. lb. 1857, 8vo.

The Authob.

^ Conspectus systematicus Hydrillearum. Berlin, 1857, 8vo.

The Authob.
Ueber den Natvirselbstdruck. 1857, 8vo. The Authob.

Curtis (J.) Observations on the Natural History and Economy of
various Insects, Snails, Slugs, &c., affecting the Clover Crops.
London, 1857, 8vo. The Authob.

linn. peoc. e

Ixvi ABDITIOKS TO THE LIBBART.

Titles. Donoks.

Dahlbom (A. G.) Studia Zoologica, familias Eegni Animalis trac-

tantia, tomus 1. (Fasc. 1-3, and Atlas). Lundse, 1856-57, 8vo.

The Author.
Dalton (J.) New System of Chemical Philosopliy, part 1 (2nd
edition). London, 1842, Svo, and vol. 2, part 1. Manchester,
1827, 8vo.

Meteorological Observations and Essays (2nd edition). Ih.

1834, 8vo.

On the Microcosmic Salt, &c. Ih. 1840-42, 8vo.

The Lit. and Phil. See. of Manchester.

Daubeny (C.) Lectures on Eoman Husbandry, delivered before

the University of Oxford. Oxford, 1857, Svo. The Authob.

DeCandolle (A.) Note sur la famOle des Santalacees. Greneve,

1857, Svo. The Attthor.

Especes nouvelles du genre Thesium. Ih. 1857, Svo.

The Author.
DeCandolle (A. P. & A.) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Eegni

Vegetabilis, pars 14, sectio 2. Parisiis, 1857, Svo.
Delicata (J. C. Grech) Flora Melitensis. Melitae, 1852, Svo.

The Author.

Duchartre (P.) Observations sur la fanaison des plantes, &c.

1857, Svo. The Author.

Note sur quelques monstruosites de Tulipa Gesneriana. Svo.

The Author.
G-asparini (G.) Ricerche sulla Natura dei Succiatori, e la escre-
zione delle Eadici, &c. Napoli, 1856, 4to. The Author.

Gray (A.) v. Torrey.

Gray (A.) Account of the Botanical Specimens collected in Japan,
by S. "W. "Williams, Esq., and Dr. James Morrow. 4to.

The Author.

United States Exploring Expedition, ia 1838-42, under the

command of Captain H. Wilkes, U.S.N. Atlas to Botany,
vol. 1. New York, 1857, fol. The Author.

Gray (M. E.) Figures of Molluscous Animals, selected from
various authors, vols. 2-5. London, 1850-57, Svo.

Mrs. Gray.

Henfrey (A.) Elementary Introduction to Vegetable Physiology,

part 2. London, 1858, Svo. The Author.

Herman (F. B. W. von) Ueber den Anbau und Ertrag des Bodens

im Konigreiche Bayern. Miinchen, 1857, 4to.

E. Acad, of Sciences, Munich.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEABT. Ixvii

Titles. Donoes.

Heiifler (Ludwig, Eitter von) Asplenii species Europsese. Wien,

1850, 8vo. The Authoe.

Instruction fiir die Naturforscher der Expedition der K. K.

Eregatte ' Novara,' in Beziehung auf Kryptogamen. 1857, Svo.

The Authok.
Hogg (J.) Address to the Tjmeside Naturalists' Field Club. New-
castle-upon-Tyne, 1857, 8vo. The Authoe.
Hooker (J. D.) Flora of Tasmania, parts 4-6. London, 1856-57,
4to. The Authoe and Publishes.
Horsfield (T.) and Moore (F.) Catalogue of the Lepidopterous
Insects in the Museum of the Hon. East India Company,
vol. 1. London, 1857, 8vo. The Hon. East India Company.
Howard (J. E.) Examination of Pavon's Collection of Peruvian
Barks contained in the British Museum. London, 1853, Svo.

The Authoe.

Jekel (H.) Fabricia Entomologica, partie 1 & 2. Parisiis, 1853-54,

8vo. The Authoe.

Lettre sur le Barypeithes rufipes. 1855, Svo. The Authoe.

Jenyns (Rev. L.) Observations in Meteorology. London, 1858,

12mo. The Authoe.

Johnson (C.) and Sowerby (J. E.) Grrasses of Great Britain,

parts 1-9. London, 1857-58, Svo. J. E. Soweebt, Esq.

Journals : —

Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Parties Zoologique et Bota-
nique. 4eme serie, tome 6, no. 3-6, tome 7, nos. 1-5, and
tome 8, no. 1. Paris, 1856-57, Svo.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2nd series, nos.
115-121 ; and 3rd series, nos. 1-7. London, 1857-58, Svo.

EicHAED Tatloe, Esq., F.L.S.

Atlantis : a Register of Literature and Science, no. 1. London,

1858, Svo. The Editoes.

Botanical Magazine ; edited by Sir "W. J. Hooker, K.H., F.R.S.,

and L.S. 3rd series, nos. 151-162. London, 1857-58, Svo.
Continental Review, vol. 1, nos. 2 & 8. London, 1858, 4to.

The Editoes.

Gardeners' Clironicle and Agricviltural Gazette for 1841-57, and

nos. 1-26 for 1858. The Horticultural part edited by Prof.

Lindley. London, fol.

Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany ; edited by Sir

W. J. Hooker, K.H., &c. Nos. 102-7. London, 1857, Svo.

The Publishee, L. Reeve, Esq., F.L.S.

el

Ixviii ADDITIOKS TO THE LIBBARY.

Titles. Donoes.

Journals {continue^ : —

Linnsea ; herausgegeben von D. F. L, von Schlechtendal. Band

28, heft 4 & 5. Halle, 1856, 8vo. The Editor.

Literary Gazette, new series, nos. 2109-2162. London, 1857-58,

4to. The Publisher, L. Eeeve, Esq., F.L.S.

Natural History Review for 1854-57 ; edited by A. H. Haliday,

A.M., and W. H. Harvey, M.D., &c. Vols. 1-4. Dublin,

1854-57, 8vo. The Dublin Univ. Zool. Association.

Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions ; edited by Jacob Bell,

Esq., E.L.S. Nos. 193-204. London, 1857-58, 8vo.

The Editor.
Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 4th series,
nos. 89-104. London, 1857-58, 8vo. R. Taylor, Esq., E.L.S.
Phytologist : new series, nos. 27-37. London, 1857-58, 8vo.

The Publisher, W. Pamplin, Esq., A.L.S.
Provincial Magazine, nos. 5 & 8. London, 1857, 8vo.

The Publisher.

Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science ; by E. Lankester,

M.D., and G. Busk, Esq. Nos. 20-23. London, 1857-58,

8vo. The Microscopical Society.

Zoologist ; edited by E. Newman, Esq. Nos. 179-184. London,

1857, 8vo. The Editor.

Kelaart (E. E.) Introductory Report on the Natural History of

the Pearl Oyster of Ceylon. Trincomalee, 1857, 8vo.

The Author.

KoUiker (A.) Untersuchungen zur vergleichende Gewebelehre,

angestellt in Nizza, im Herbste, 1856, 8vo. The Author.

Kotschy (T.) ^demone mirabilis ; ein neues Schwimmholtz vom

Weissen Nil. "Wien, 1858, 8vo. The Author.

Die Vegetation und der Canal auf dem Isthmus von Suez.

"Wien, 1858, 4to. The Author.

Allgemeiner Ueberblick der Nillander und ihrer Pflanzen-

bekleidung. 8vo. The Author.

Karte des Oberen Nils, mit botanischen Namen versehen.

und Hohen-tableau des Cilicischen Taurus. The Author.

Kuchenmeister (E.) Animal and Vegetable Parasites of the Human

Body: translated from the German by E. Lankester, M.D.,

E.R. & L.S. Vol. 1, Entozoa. London, 1857, 8vo.

The Translator.
Lankester (E.) The Aquavivarium ; fresh and marine. London,

1856, 12mo. The Author.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEA.ET. Lsix

Titles. Do>'oiis.

Le Conte (J.) On the venomous Serpents of Greorgia, part 1,
1853, 8vo. SiE C. Ltell, F.E. & L.S.

Le Hon (H.) Periodicite des grands Deluges, resultant du mouve-
ment graduel de la ligne des apsides de la terre. Bruxelles,
1858, 8to. The Authoe.

Leidy (J.) Contributions towards a knowledge of the Marine
Invertebrate Favina of Rhode Island and New Jersey. Phila-
delphia, 1855, 4to. SiE C. Ltell, P.E. & L.S.

Lindsay (W. L.) On the Structure of Lecidea lugubris, Somm.

The Authoe.

Lowe (E. J.) Natural History of Perns, British and Exotic,
parts 39-70. London, 1857-58, 8vo. The Authoe.

Lubbock (J.) Account of the Two Methods of Eeproduction in
Daphnia ; and of the Structiire of the Ephippiam. London,
1857, 4to. The Authoe.

Descriptions of eight new species of Entomostraca, foimd at

"Weymouth. London, 1857, 8vo. The Authoe.

Macaire ( .) On the Direction assumed by Plants. London,
1848, 4to. SiE Chaeles Ltell, E.E. & L.S.

Martins (C.) Index Seminum Horti Monspeliensis. 1857.

The Authoe.

Experiences siar la persistance de la vitahte des graines

flottant a la surface de la mer. 1858, 4to. The Authoe.

Martini (P. H. W.) Neues Systematisches Conchyhen-Cabinet.
Band 1-3, 4to. (Original MS.) Hugh CuMi2f g, Esq., P.L.S.

Martins (C. P. P. von) Denkrede auf Chr. Sam. "Weiss. Miinchen,
1857, 4to. E. Acad, of Sciences, MuifiCH.

Denkrede aiif I. S. C. Schweigge. lb. 1858, 4to.

The Authoe.

Ueber die Pflanzen-namen in der Tupi-sprache. JTb. 1858,

4to. The Authoe.

Miers (J.) Illustrations of South American Plants, vol. 2. Lon-
don, 1849-57, 4to. The Authoe.

IMiquel (P. A. Gr.) Ehodoleise {Champ.), generis hactenus dubii,
character ; adjecta specie Sumatrana. 1857, 8vo.

The Authoe.

Nova genera Apocynearum Indicarum. 8vo. The Authoe.

Moore (T.) Index Pilicum. Nos. 2^. London, 1857, 12mo.

The Authoe.

Handbook of British Perns (3rd edition). Ih. 1857, 12mo.

The Authoe.

ixx additions to the libeart.

Titles, Donoes.

Motschiilsky (V. de), Ed. Etudes Entomologiques. 4* et 5^ anuees.

Helsingfors, 1855-56, 8vo. The Editob.

Miiller (E.) Account of some new Australian Plants. Melbourne,

1857, 8vo. The Authoe.

Miiller ( .) Ueber Spliaerozoum und Thalassicolla. 8vo.

Sib Chaeles Ltell, E.E. & L.S.
Neison (F. Gr. P.) Contributions to Vital Statistics (3rd edition).

London, 1857, 4to. The Authoe.

Newman (E.) The Insect Hunters ; or Entomology in Verse.

London, 12mo. The Authoe.

Nilsson (S.) Prodromus Icbthyologiae ScandinavicsB. Lundse, 1832,

8vo. Sib Chaeles Ltell, E.E,. & L.S.

Pamplin (W.) and Irvine (A.) Botanical Tour in the Highlands

of Perthshire. London, 1857, 8vo. "W. Pamplin, A.L.S.

Perley (M, H.) Catalogue (in part) of the Eishes of New Bruns-
wick and Nova Scotia. Eredericton, 1851, 8vo.

SiE C. Ltell, E.E. & L.S.
Portlock (Col. J. E.) Address delivered at the Anniversary Meet-
ing of the Geological Society, Eeb. 20th, 1857. London, 1857,

Svo. The Society.

Pritzel (Gr. A.) Iconum Botanicarum Index locupletissimus .

Berlin, 1855, 4to.
Quetelet (A.) Observations des Phenomenes periodiques. 4to.

The Authoe.
Eeeve (L.) Conchologia Iconica : Monographs of the genera Avi-

cula, Capsa, Capsella, Psammobia, Psammotella, Sanguinolaria,

and Solatellina. London, 1856-57, 4to. The Authoe.

Saunders (W. W.) and Jekel (H.) Descriptions de quelques Cur-

culionites. 1855, Svo. M. Jekel.

Schleiden (J. M.) Principles of Scientific Botany : translated by

E. Lankester, M.D., E.E. & L.S. London, 1849, Svo.

The Teanslatob.
Schouherr (C. J.) Greneraet Species Curculionidum. Catalogus ab

H. Jekel recensus. Parisiis, 1849, 12mo. M. Jekel.

Sclater (P. L.) Monograph of the Tanagrine genus Calliste,

part 4. London, 1857, Svo. The Authoe.

Seemann (B.) Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. ' Herald,' under

the command of Captain Kellett, E.N., in 1845-51, part 10.

London, 1857, 4to. The Authoe.

Smith (J.) Catalogue of Exotic and Indigenous Eerns. London,

1857, Svo. The Publishee, "W. Pamplin, A.L.S.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. Ixxi

Titles. Donors.

Smitli (J. E.) Scientific Correspondence of, from the time of his
becoming possessed of the Collections of Linnaeus till his death
in ] 828 ; the whole arranged by Lady Smith, and handsomely
bound, in nineteen 4to volumes. Ladt Smith.

Smith (W. E/.) History of Wisconsin, vols. 1 & 3. Madison,
Wisconsia, 1854, 8vo. Historical Society of "Wisconsin.

Sowerby (Gr. B.) Thesaurus Conchyliorum, parts 17 & 18. Lon-
don, 1857-58, 8vo.

Stainton (H. T.), Ed. Entomologist's Annual for 1858. London,
12mo. The Editor.

Stainton (H. T.), ZeUer ( .), and Douglas (J. W.) Natural
History of the Tineina, vol. 2. London, 1857, 8vo.

H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Stm-m (Jr W.) Enuineratio Plantarum Vascularum Cryptogami-
carum Chilensium. Niirnberg, 1858, 8vo. The Author.

Torrey (J.) and Gray (A.) Explorations and Surveys for a Rail-
road Eoute from the Mississippi to the Pacific. Reports on
the Botany of the Expedition. Washington, 1857, 4to.

Professor Torrey, E.M.L.S.

Van Leeuwen (J.) Octavise Querela ; Carmen. Amsterdam, 1857,
Svo. The R. Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam.

Vriese (G-. H. de) Plantse Indise Batavae OrientaHs, quas in itinere
per Insulas Archipelagi Indici, annis 1815-21, exploravit C. Gr. C.
Eeiuwardtjfasc.l. Lugduni-Batavorum,1856,4to. The Author.

Memoire s\ir le Camphrier de Sumatra et de Borneo. Leide,

1856, 4to. The Author.
Ward (F. O.) Sur I'adoucissement, la purification, &c., de I'eau

des grandes villes. Bruxelles, 1857, 8vo. The Author.

WeddeU (H. A.) Chloris Andina. Essai d'une Elore de la region

Alpine des Cordilleres, &c. Tome 1, livr. 1-7, and tome 2,

livr. 1. Paris, 1855-57, 4to. The Author.
Monographic de la famille des TJrticees {conclusion). lb.

1856-57, 4to. The Author.

Wollaston (T. Y.) Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of

Madeira in the Collection of the British Museum. London,

1857, 8vo. J. E. Gray, Esq., Ph.D., F.L.S.
Wirtgen (P.) Flora der Preussischen Eheinprovinz, und der

zunachst angranzenden Gegenden. Bonn, 1857, 12mo.

The Nat. Hist. Soc. of Bonn.
Wrottesley (Lord) Address read at the Anniversary Meeting of
the Royal Society, Nov. 30th, 1857. London, 1857, Svo.

The Royal Society.

Ixsii

DONATIONS

TO THE

MUSEUM OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

{^Continued from vol. ii. page Ivii.]

Donations. Dokobs.

Specimens of Shells, &c., from Wilson's Promontory ; and dried
specimens of Banlcsia Gunninghamii, B. integrifolia, var. apMeha,
and Sahea carinata, from Australia Felix. Dr. Y. Mulleb.

Dried Specimens of about 150 species of Madeira Plants ; together
with an entire plant of Monizia edulis, gathered in Madeira
in 1856, by N. H. Mason, Esq., P.L.S.

Dried Specimens of Chrysocoma Linosyris, from Weston-super-
Mare, in 1857 ; and of Pceonia corallina, gathered in" flower, on
the Steep Holmes Island, in May 1857.

Chaeles Tomkins, Esq., M.D., P.L.S.

Specimens of Kolreuteria paniculata, in fruit ; ripened during the
autumn of 1857, in Chelsea Garden. T. Mogee, Esq., P.L.S.

Specimens of the Pruit of Ailantus glandulosa, and of Hibiscus
syriacus, ripened at Stoke Newington during the autumn of
1857. K KippiST, Libr. L.S.

Pollicles of Steplianotis floribunda and Physianthus aliens ; pro-
duced during the past summer in the garden of Mrs. Pox, of
Grove Hill, near Palmouth. Mrs. Pox.

Cones and Leaves of Ceratozamia mexicana S , of Zamia furfura-
cea 2 , and Z. cylindrica $ , from the Conservatory at Lauder-
dale House, Highgate. Jas. Yates, Esq., P.E.S,, P.L.S., &c.

Dried Specimens of the Pronds, and sections of the Stems, of
several arborescent Perns from New Zealand.

T. S. Ealph, Esq., A.L.S.

Specimen of Dryobalaruyps Ccrniphora, from Sumatra.

Dr. deYeiese.

Drawing of the Blue Mountain Waratah (^Telopea speciosissima,
E. Br.). Geoege Suttoe, Esq., P.L.S.

Cast from a Bust of Linnseus in the Meeting-room of the Academy
of Sciences, Stockholm ; taken at the age of 64 years.

Peoe. Andeesson, of Stockholm.

Cast of a Bust of the late Dr. Pereira, P.E.S., P.L.S.; by
Me DoweU. Mrs. Peeeiea, through Jacob Bell, Esq., P.L.S.

Cast of a Medallion Portrait of Thomas Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S. ;
by Tupper. A Pellow oe the Society.

Portrait of N. B. Ward, Esq., P.E.S., P.L.S. ; painted by J. P.
Knight, Esq., E.A. The Subscbibebs.

PROCEEDINGS

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON,

November 4th, 1858.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Bobert Chambers, Esq., was elected a Fellow.

Among the presents were the following, for which the special
thanks of the Society were directed to be given ; viz. —

Linnaaus's MS. Diary and Translation ; together with a series
of Letters from Linnseus to Menander, with Translations of many
of them. These MSS. were formerly in the possession of the late
Dr. Maton, V.P.L.S., and were presented by his niece, Miss Wray.

An extensive Collection of dried Plants, the present portion
consisting of about 1000 species, formed in Java by T. Horsfield,
Esq., M.D., F.E. & L.S. Presented by the Court of Directors of
the Hon. East India Company.

An extensive Collection of Australian and Tasmanian Plants,
formed by Dr. Ferdinand Mueller, and including type specimens
of many of the Eucalypti and Acacice described in his Papers,
published in the Society's " Journal ; " presented by Dr. Muller.

The valuable Collection of British Algae, formed by the late
Mrs. Grifiith, and arranged according to Dr. Harvey's " Manual
of British Alga) ; " presented by the Subscribers to a fuud for its
purchase.

LINN. PBGC. a

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Eead, the commeucement of a Paper, entitled " Notes on Bri-
tish Botany ; " by George Bentham, Esq., V.P.L.S. (See " Bota-
nical Proceedings ; " Supplement, vol. ii.)

November 18th, 1858.

Francis Boott, Esq., M.D., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Cyril C. Graham, Esq., and J. E.. Kinahan, Esq., M.D., were
elected Fellows ; and Mr. Charles Barter an Associate.

The Vice-President in the Chair announced the formation by
the Society of a British Herbarium ; and Mr. Bentham (who, in
coujimction with Dr. Alexander and Mr. Babington, and with the
assistance of Mr. Oliver, had undertaken the arrangement of the
Collection) stated that it was now completely arranged, and gave
some explanation of the principles on which it had been formed.

Eead, first, a continuation of Mr. Bentham's " Notes on British
Botany."

Eead, secondly, " Notes on some English Plants ; " by John
Hogg, Esq., F.E.S., E.L.S. &c.

December 2nd, 1858.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Charles Eatcliif, Esq., and James Sidney "Walker, Esq., were
elected Fellows ; and Dr. Frederick Welwitsch an Associate.

Eead, first, a " Catalogue of the Hymenopterous Insects col-
lected by Mr. A. E. Wallace at the Islands of Aru and Key ;" by
Frederick Smith, Esq. Communicated by William Wilson Saun-
ders, Esq., V.P.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. iii.
p. 132.)

Eead, secondly, Notes " On the Linnean MS. of the Museum
Ludovicse TJlricae Eeginse;" by Sylvanus Hanley, Esq., F.L.S.
(See "Zoological Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 43.)

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ul

Eead, thirdly, a " Note ou the Morphology of the Balsami-
nacecs;" by Prof. Henfrey, F.E.S., P.L.S. (See " Botanical Pro-
ceedings," vol. iii. p. 159.)

Read, fourthly, a " Notice of the Arborescent Ferns of New
Zealand;" by T. S. Ralph, Esq., A.L.S. (See "Botanical Pro-
ceedings," vol. iii. p. 163.)

December 16th, 1858.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Thomas Henry Huxley, Esq., F.R.S., was elected a Fellow.

Among the presents was the extensive Herbarium of the late
Thomas Bell Salter, Esq., M.D., F.L.S. ; presented by his brother,
S. James A. Salter, Esq., F.L.S., for which the special thanks of
the Society were directed to be given.

Read, first, a "Notice of two Insect-products from China;"
by Daniel Hanbury, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings,"
vol. iii. p. 178.)

Read, secondly, a " Monograph of the East Indian Species of
Utricularia ;" by Daniel Oliver, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Botanical
Proceedings," vol, iii. p. 170.)

Read, thirdly, " Observations on the Structure of the Stem in
certain Species of CaryopTiyllecB and Plumboffinecd'/' by Daniel
Oliver, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 289.)

January 20th, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Thomas Anderson, Esq., M.D. ; Thomas Boycott, Esq. ; the
Hon. "Walter Elliot ; the Rev. "William Houghton ; Dr. Ferdinand
MUller ; H. T. Stainton, Esq. ; and Major Richard Strachey, were
elected Fellows.

Read, first, a " Notice of JEntozoa found in various Animals dis-
sected at the Zoological Society's Grardens ; " by Thom.as Spencer

a 2

iv PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Cobbold, Esq., M.D., F.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii.

p. 36a.)

Eead, secondly, a Paper " On Tomopteris onisciformis ; " by
W. B. Carpenter, Esq., M.D., E.E.S., E.L.S. (See " Transactions,"
vol. xxii. p. 353.)

Eead, thirdly, " Dennisonia, BarJclya, and LaboucJieria ; genera
Florae Australise nondum cognita;" by Dr. Ferdinand Miiller,
E.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 157.)

February 3rd, 1859.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.
William Eatwell, Esq., M.D., was elected a Fellow.

Eead, first, a Memoir " On Henriquezia of Spruce, a genus
oi Bignoniacecs',^' by George Bentham, Esq., V.P.L.S. (See
" Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 295.)

Eead, secondly, a continuation of Mr. Bentham's " Notes on
British Botany."

February 17th, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Howard "Warburton Elphinstone, Esq. ; Charles "William Har-
rison, Esq. ; and Dr. E. Percival Wright, were elected Fellows.

Eead, first, a Paper " On the Dermal Armour of Jacara and
Caiman, with Notes on the Specific and Generic Characters of
recent Orocodilia;'^ by Thomas Henry Huxley, Esq., F.E.S.,
F.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 1.)

Eead, secondly, a Paper " On the Anatomical Characters of
Compound Timicata;^^ by John Dennis Macdonald, Esq. Com-
municated by the Eoyal Society. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii.
p. 373.)

Eead, thirdly, " On the Anatomical Characters of an Australian

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LOITDON. V

species of Perophora ; " by J. D. Macdonald, Esq. Communi-
cated by the Eoyal Society. (See " Transactions, " vol. xxii.
p. 377.)

Read, fourthly, a " Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidoptera
collected at Singapore by M. A. B. Wallace, with Descriptions of
New Species ; " by Francis Walker, Esq., E.L.S. (See " Zoolo-
gical Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 196.)

March 3rd, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

George Vernon Blunt, Esq., was elected a Eellow.

Among the presents was a Collection of Dried Specimens of
British Algae, formed by Dr. Cocks, of Plymouth ; presented by
the Subscribers for its purchase, to whom the special thanks of
the Society were voted.

Bead, first, a Letter from Mr. Charles Barter, A.L.S., to Sir
William Jackson Hooker, F.L.S., on the Vegetation of the West
Coast of Africa. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 17.)

Bead, secondly, a Letter from M. Emile Bourgeau, addressed
to Sir W. J. Hooker, on the Vegetation and Climate of the
Saskatchewan. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 1.)

Kead, thirdly, " Observations on the growth and times of ap-
pearance of some of the Marine Algae ; " by John Cocks, Esq.,
M.D, Communicated by Eobert Hudson, Esq., E.R.S., E.L.S.
(See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. .)

Read, fourthly, a Note " On five new plants of Eastern Peru ;"
by Richard Spruce, Esq. Communicated by George Bentham,
Esq., V.P.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 191.)

March 17th, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

The Rev. George Weare Braikenridge ; H. B. Brady, Esq. ; and
Samuel Gurney, Esq., were elected Fellows.

Vi PEOCEEDLXGS OF THE

Bead, first, a Memoir " On Vegetable Affinities ;" by T. C.
Hilgard, M.D. Communicated by Bertbold Seemann, Ph.D.,
P.L.S.

Bead, secondly, a " Note on Monstrosities of Daucus Garota, L.,
and Trifolium pratense, L. ;" by Maxwell T. Masters, Esq. Com-
municated by tlie Secretary.

Eead, thirdly, " Descriptions of new species of Musci from
New Zealand and other parts of the Southern Hemisphere ; " by
■William IVIitten, Esq., A.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings,"
vol. iv. p. 64.)

April 7th, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chaii-.

Edward Sheppard, Esq., Avas elected a FeUow.

The Secretary read the following letter addi*essed to him by
Dr. Bootfc, Treasurer and Y.P.L.S., accompanying the donation of
a Miniature of the elder Hedwig, for which the special thanks of
the Society were ordered : —

" Mt dear Bennett, — I send the ring containing the little
miniature of Hedwig for the Linnean Society. Tou will see the
name on the back in the hand-writing of Sir James E. Smith ; and
on referring to the second volume of his ' Memoirs,' p. 98, you
will find a letter from the younger Hedwig, which accompanied
the gift of the ring to Sir James, and at p. 107 Sir James's ac-
knowledgment of both. The ring was given to me by Lady Smith
in 1857, and I feel that it cannot but be acceptable to the Society,
as a memorial of one of the most distinguished of its Foreign

Members.

" Tours aflectionately,

"F. BOOTT."

" J. J. Bennett, Esqi., F.B.S., Sec. Linn. Soe."

The special thanks of the Society were likewise directed to be
given to ^Ir. Bennett for his Donation of an extensive series of
botanical works selected from the library of the late Robert Brown,
Esq., D.C.L., V.P.L.S.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LOK'DON. vii

Head, first, a Paper " On the Cranial Characters of a Eat new to
the British Fauna ;" by S. James A. Salter, Esq., M.B., F.L.S.

Eead, secondly, " On the Moulting of the Common Lobster
{Homarm vulgaris) and Shore-Crab (Carcinm manas) ;" by S.
James A. Salter, Esq., M.B., F.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceed-
ings," vol. iv. p. 30.)

Eead, thirdly, a Note " On the Habits of the Aye- Aye {Chei-
romys madagascariemis) ;" by Henry Sandwith, Esq., M.D., C.B.,
in a letter to Professor Owen, E.E.S., V.P.L.S. (See " Zoological
Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 28.)

April 21st, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

John Eorbes Watson, Esq., M.D., was elected a FeUow.

A Letter was read from ]Mr. A. G. Moore, F.L.S. , mentioning
the occui-rence in considerable numbers of Sqiiilla Desmarestii off
Sea View and Bembridge, and of Vespertilio murinus about the
cliffs at Freshwater, in the Isle of "Wight.

A Letter was also read from Thomas Forster, Esq., M.B., F.L.S.,
giving some account of the phenomena of the present season on
the French coast ; and an Extract of a Letter from Albert Ham-
brough, Esq., F.L.S., announcing the discovery, on the sea-shore
at Ventnor, of a rather scarce sheU, Vertigo cylindrica.

Eead, fixst, " Eemarks on Gnetum ; " by the late AVilliam
Griffith, Esq., M.D., F.L.S. Communicated, with a Prefatory
]S^ote, by Professor Henfrey, F.E.S., F.L.S. (See " Transactions,"
vol. xxii. p. 299.)

Eead, secondly, a " Note on the species of Croton described by
Linnaeus, under the names of Clutia Eluteria and Clutia Casca-
rilh-/' by John Josepli Bennett, Esq., F.E.S., Sec. L.S. (See
" Botanical Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 26.)

VIU PBOCEEDINGS OF THE

May 5th, 1859.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Henry Munroe, Esq., M.D., and Charles Prentis, Esq., were
elected Fellows ; and Professor J. F. Brandt, Professor A. H. R.
Grisebach, Professor J. L. Loven, and Mons. H. A. Weddell, were
elected Foreign Members.

Read, first, " Further Observations on the New Organ in the
Antennae of Insects ; " by John Braxted Hicks, Esq , M.D., F.L.S.
(See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. .)

Read, secondly, a " Synopsis of the Genera Thea and Camellia ; "
by Berthold Seemann, Esq., Ph.D., F.L.S. (See " Transactions,"
vol. xxii. p. 337.)

Read, thirdly, a " Synopsis of the Fructification of the Simple
Sphcdriie of the Hookerian Herbarium ; " by Frederick Currey,
Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 313.)

Read, fourthly, a second Letter from M. Emile Bourgeau, ad-
dressed to Sir W. J. Hooker, F.R.S., F.L.S. (See " Botanical
Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 13.)

May 24th, 1859.

Anniversary Meeting.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

This day, the Anniversary of the birth of Linnaeus, and the day
appointed by the Charter for the Election of Council and Officers,
the Pi-esident opened the business of the Meeting with the fol-
lowing Address : —

Gentlemen,

The year which has passed since I last had the pleasure of meeting
you on our Anniversary, has not been unproductive in contribu-
tions of interest and value, in those sciences to which we are
professedly more particularly addicted, as well as in every other
walk of scientific research. It has not, indeed, been marked by
any of those striking discoveries which at ouce revolutionize, so to
si)eak, the department of science on which they bear ; it is only at

lilNNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. IX

remote intervals that we can reasonably expect any sudden and
brilliant innovation which shall produce a marked and permanent
impress on the character of any branch of knowledge, or confer a
lasting and important service on mankind. A Bacon or a Newton,
an Oersted or a AVheatstone, a Davy or a Daguerre, is an occa-
sional phenomenon, whose existence and career seem to be espe-
cially appoLQted by Providence, for the purpose of effecting some
great important change in the condition or piirsuits of man.

The establishment of the inductive method (by which the whole
face of philosophy, before chaotic, was reduced to order), the dis-
covery of the law of gravitation, the invention of the electric
telegraph, or the production of sun-pictures — these and similar
results of genius, by which the advance of knowledge and the
designs of Providence are carried forward by grand and unex-
pected impulses, are occurrences, the like of which we must not
expect to have annually to record.

Nor are even the striking examples to which I have referred,
influential as they are and original as may be the genius which
finally applies them, usually isolated or sudden. The suggestions
of previous experiment or discovery, the hints which are given
from time to time by either fortuitous or anticipated phenomena,
ordinarily afford the ground upon which the most important dis-
coveries or improvements are made. The electric telegraph may
be traced from the fii'st intimation of the possibility of the trans-
mission of the electric force to a distance, through successive
occasional advances, to the happy hour when Oersted discovered
the great truths of electro-magnetism, and Wheatstone applied
the discovery to a purpose which is destined to affect, more than
any other single practical application of science that was ever
made, the condition, the destinies, and the welfare of mankind.
In like manner the consecutive suggestions of Watt, of Davy, of
Talbot, of Hersehel, of Daguerre, of Niepce de St. Victor and
others were required to bring to even its present state of advance-
ment, the art of photography. The history of almost every scien-
tific discovery of importance would afford similar illustrations,
which will suggest themselves to your minds, and which it is
unnecessary for me to enlarge upon.

Of the results of such successive developments as those to which
I have referred, in those departments of science which are usually
considered as of a more abstract character, and in those which ai'e
properly the subject of expei"imental processes, the late President
of the Eoyal Society gave at their last Anniversary some very
instructive examples in his lucid and interesting address, which

X PBOCEEDINGS OF THE

has doubtless been in the hands of most of the Fellows of this
Society ; and I hope that I shall not be considered as travelling
much out of the record, if I recall at this time, when the Boyal
Society has so lately been deprived of his services, the great merits
of one who would yield to no one of his predecessors in a zealous
and unselfish devotion to the interests of science, in the employ-
ment of the prestige which his social and official position alike
gave him in promoting its objects, and in the solid judgment,
never within my experience surpassed, by which the affairs of the
Royal Society were conducted by him, whether in Council or in
private ; — and in addition to these considerations, the Pellows of
the Linnean Society would, with good reason, consider me as
wanting in my duty to them, as well as to that excellent noble-
man, if I were to omit a grateful allusion to the kind and friendly
interest which he invariably manifested for the welfare of this
Society, and the urbanity and consideration with which he ever
received any suggestions for that mutual assistance and goodwill
which he was always anxiously desirous to promote.

I cannot, however, close this digression without referring with
grateful satisfaction to the choice which the Royal Society has
made of a successor to Lord Wrottesley, in the person of one who
devoted the leisure hours of a long and laborious professional
career to the successful cultivation of a branch of science allied to
those which are considered as especially the objects of this Society;
whilst by a marvellous power of acquiring and retaining know-
ledge, and by that incessant employment of the intervals of pro-
fessional labour in which, as our great moralist has well declared,
consists the true economy of time, he has stored his acute and
capacious mind with a fund of knowledge as rich as it is varied.
In the close relation in which we now happily stand to the Royal
Society, the appointment of its President is matter of no small
moment to us in our corporate capacity, in addition to the interest
we must feel as competitors in the arena of scientific labour ; and
I am quite sure that we shall continue to enjoy in the conduct of
the present President the advantages of that combined kindness
and wisdom which characterized his predecessor.

If the events of the past year have not, however, as I have
stated, been so influential or emphatic as some which have marked
the period of their occurrence as an epoch in scientific history, the
more silent and finally not less productive current of discovery is
ever going on, and its recent results in every field of research have
been such as to prove that the yearning after knowledge was never

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XI

more earnest, nor the love of the truths of nature ever more ardent
and sincere than at the present time. In evidence of this steady
progress I vtill refer you to the meetings of our own Society, and
the results of those meetings in the papers already published, or
about to be pubKshed, in our ' Transactions ' or the ' Journal of
Proceedings.' I believe that I may safely compare them with
those of any former period for their variety and value. The bota-
nical element of our functions stUl predominates as it has done ;
and, from the nature and comparative extent of the two pursuits,
it must contiaue to predominate. Such indeed has been the
number of papers in this department, considered by the Council
as worthy of publication, that it has been found necessary to issue,
withiu the year, two supplemental parts of the ' Journal of Pro-
ceedings ;' a step, which, although requiriug much consideration on
account of the expense, is fully justified by the importance of the
contents of the volume.

But while we have thus advanced in the quantity of valuable
matter presented to us iu our botanical department, a glance at
the communications belonging to the other branch of our labours
will show that in zoological science we have not been retrograding
either in their number or value. There is, however, yet room for
a more zealous movement amongst the zoologists of our body ; and
the complaint which I ventured to express on a former occasion is
not yet rendered unnecessary or imtimely. Many papers on zoo-
logical subjects are still read at the meetings of collateral societies,
which, as it appears to me, woidd legitimately belong to us, and
would merit a situation in om* own publications, where some of
them at least would be more in place than where they now appear.

Iu recurring thus to the 'Transactions' of the past year, I abstain
from particularizing any of the papers as especially interesting or
valuable, as selection would be invidious where all are good, and
every student will be able to judge for himself of their respective
value and importance. Some of the most interesting of them —
and this refers to papers which have been read at the meetings of
other societies as well as of our own — are on subjects still under
controversy, the discussion of which belongs to another arena than
that of the brief addi'ess which it is my duty to ofier to you ; for
I have always thought that this is not the fit occasion for the
enunciation of individual opinion or judgment, but rather for a
simple sketch of the general working of the Society and the pro-
gress of science in connexion with it.

The primary and ostensible office of the Linnean Society is, un-

XU PROCEEDINGS OF THE

doubtedly, the promotion and record of discoveries or improve-
ments in tiie science of Natural History, both in its systematic and
physiological phase, by means which the Charter has provided, —
in its meetings, its publications, its library, and its collections ;
but, as the recognized centre and head of these sciences in this
country, it has always appeared to me that the Society might
exercise certain collateral functions (having for their object the
encouragement of this branch of knowledge, and its spread amongst
the people) which are not wholly alien from that primary object,
and which may legitimately come within the scope of its original
design. To one of these I called attention on a former occasion,
when I suggested that a relation might with advantage be esta-
blished between the Society and the numerous respectable local
institutions now existing in almost every county in England,
having for their object the cidtivation of the natural history and
antiquities of the neighbourhood. But besides this, may there not
be another, equally if not more eflS.cacious means of promoting this
object, in the aid and patronage which the Society might, indi-
rectly perhaps, but not ineffectually, afford to that educational
movement which appears to have decidedly taken place in this
direction ? Whether or not it be practicable for us as a body to
take any ostensible part in this important work is at least doubtful,
but certainly it behoves every Fellow of the Society in his indi-
vidual and personal capacity, — I might almost say in fulfilment of
his initiatory obligation, entered into when he joined the Society, —
not to omit any opportunity of furthering this desirable end. It
is very cheering to the mind of every one who fully apprehends
the unspeakable value of these studies in forming the mind and
ameliorating the tempers and affections of our youthful population,
by exciting and fostering a love of Truth, and training them in the
knowledge and admiration of the works of Grod, to see that there
is a daily increasing appreciation of their importance. Nothing
can more evidently manifest this encouraging feature of the edu-
cational tendencies of the present day, than the great demand for
popular works on natural history, whether of a more systematic or
biographical character, — whether general or limited to one special
department. This demand is liberally supplied by the issue of
numerous works, which, if they are not all characterized by perfect
accuracy of detail, or philosophical views of generalization, or
ssound principles of arrangement, are yet calculated to excite and,
in great measure, to satisfy the growing appetite for this depart-
ment of knowledge. Such works as I refer to may be enumerated

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XIU

by scores, — the least valuable of which would have been hailed in
my early days of boyish love for natural history, as the greatest
boon that could have been offered. Nor let it be supposed that
the results of such reading, elementary though it be, is of slight
import. The consequence may be very important, and some future
Cuvier or Owen may refer his earliest scientific tendencies to the
perusal of some of these educational works : " res parva, sed iixi-
tium non parvae."

There are few circumstances which have a more powerful ten-
dency to promote the love of such pursuits than the ready access
of the masses of the people to the most beautiful and interesting
natural objects, and their exhibition in a form at once pleasing and
instructive. In this respect, as well as in its more important
phase as illustrative of the progress of botarucal science and its
application to practical purposes, there is no existing fact which
claims greater attention or excites deeper interest than the noble
gardens at Kew. The statistics of this great Government esta-
blishment are so important, and involve so many considerations
which are of public moment, as well as such advantages to the
scientific student, that a brief account of the progress recently
made in its difierent departments, cannot fail to be interesting to
the Pellows of the Linnean Society.

At a time when the public mind is fully awake to the great
importance of affording to the people the means of rational and
healthful enjoyment, and when the efforts of all who are earnest
on the great subject of popxilar education are directed to the best
means of instruction in those sciences which are at once econo-
mically useful and intellectually improA^ng, the ready and free
access to such sources of mental enjoyment and practical informa-
tion as are here combined on a scale of unexampled magnificence,
must be a subject of the deepest interest, and the success of the
establishment a cause of hearty congratulation.

The vast number, the extreme beauty and the healthy and
flourishing condition, no less than the intrinsic value of the living
vegetation within the precincts of the garden, especially in those
parts of it to which the steps of the public are ordinarily directed
— the admirable arrangement of the grounds and the charming
walks — combined with the facility with Avhich access is attained
to such attractions, render it no matter of surprise that even at
such a distance from the metropolis, the gardens are frequented
by visitors whose annual numbers are no longer to be counted by

Xiv PROCEEDINGS OF THE

hundreds or by thousands, but by hundreds of thousands. The
number of persons who visited the gardens during the last year
amoimted to no less than 405,376 ; which, contrasted with the
comparatively small number of 9174 in the year 1841 — since which
time, with one or two exceptions, every succeeding year has sur-
passed that which preceded it — shows an increase both in the
attractions of the place, and in the public appreciation of its
beauties and advantages, which are highly gratifying and suggest-
ive. A perusal of the annual reports from Sir William Hooker to
the Grovernment, will show the most satisfactory and regular pro-
gress in every department and phase of the establishment.

The Arboretum, now the finest in Europe, contains all the most
important species of hardy trees, in the most healthy and flourish-
ing condition, which may be examined and studied by every one
who is interested in Arboriculture or in the Botany of Trees. The
Queen's garden has received a liberal addition of 14 acres to its
extent ; a large lake of 4^ acres is in progress of construction ;
and the whole of this portion of the gardens is advancing rapidly
to as nearly a perfect state as an energetic application of art and
science can render it.

Every one is too well acquainted with the magnificent Palm-
house, and the other receptacles for plants requiring heat and pro-
tection, to render any particular description necessary ; it is sufii-
cient to say that here also continual improvements are going on.
But gratifying as are the advances which are taking place in this
more obvious and popular province, the scientific botanist is per-
haps more interested in the unrivalled herbarium, which, with its
accumulated treasures, has for some years past constituted a focus
of attraction, not to the botanist of this country only, but to the
students of the science from all parts of Europe and from America.
The list of those who have considered it worth their while to take
up their temporary abode at Kew for tliis especial purpose, includes
many of the most distinguished names amongst the botanists of
various parts of Grermany, of Denmark, of Sweden, of Russia, of
France, and of different states of the American Union, as well as
the most eminent cultivators of the science in the United King-
dom ; and the standard works which have been either wholly or in
part completed from this source are too numerous to be now par-
ticularized. The rescue of the available portion of the accumu-
lated mass of herbaria which had lain for years in the cellars of the
India House, and were fast going to destruction, which has been
effected in consequence of remonstrances from Kew, and their de-

LINNEAK SOCIETY OF LONDON. XV

posit amongst the treasures of that great emporium, is another
feature in the recent arrangements made under the superintend,
ence, and emanating from the zeal of Sir William Hooker, which
cannot fail to be of the greatest advantage to the Indian botanist.

But if there be one department in the Kew establishment
which is more generally interesting than another, it is, in my
opinion, the Museum of Economic Botany. Tliis beautiful reper-
tory of the various applications of vegetable matters to the uses of
mankind, is, I believe, unrivalled in any other country. Its in-
terest is not confined to the man of science — it belongs to the
physician, the chemist, the manufacturer, the artisan in every
grade and of every calling, to the artist and the scholar, the
soldier and the man of law. The energy and intelligence with
which this curious and beautiful collection has been built up and
arranged reflects the highest honour upon Sir William and Dr.
Hooker, as well as upon those who, under their able direction,
have worthily carried out their plans and arrangements ; and
under such management it cannot but continue to prosper.

It is not only at Kew, however, that the means of study have
been augmented during the past year. The lamented death of
Mr. Brown has occasioned the deposit in the National Emporium
of his unrivalled collection of fossil woods, many of which are
unique, and the whole of them of the highest interest and value.
They were bequeathed to the British Museum, on the condition
that they should be considered as part of the Botanical collection
in that place. A large number of drawings of Australian plants
and animals, from the pencil of Ferdinand Bauer, is another boon
to that department, by the bequest of the same distinguished
benefactor. These are drawn from the Life ; and it is unnecessary
to say, to those who are acquainted with the productions of this
matchless artist, that nothing of the kind exists more accurate
and beautiful than are the whole of this fine collection.

Whilst speaking of the British Museum, and referring also to
the late Keeper of the Botanical department, I am reminded of a
fact, which I should not be acting in accordance either with your
feelings or my own if I were to pass over without an expression
of sincere gratification, — I allude to the appointment of one to
whom we, as a Society, owe a debt which we can never hope in
any degree to liquidate, our excellent Secretary, as the successor
of Robert Brown. That appointment is as deserved on his part
as it is an act of justice on the part of the Trustees ; and I am
sure that you will all unite with me in affectionate and earnest

XVI PBOCEEDINCJS OF THE

wishes that Mr. Bennett may long continue to exercise the func-
tions of an office which every one felt to be so justly his due.

I wUl now return to the more direct affairs of the Linnean
Society itself. Here, as is usual, we have to approach the subject
with mingled feelings of congratulation and regret. Whilst we
have cause for great satisfaction in the progress which has been
made in science under the auspices of ijie Society, the increase in
the number of our members, the favourable condition of our
finances, enabling us to provide for not only the continuance, but
the increase of our publications, whilst we see fresh volunteers in
the peaceful array of Science enlisting under our banners, there
is another and a gloomy phase to which our attention is painfully
enforced. The loss which we sustain from time to time by death,
as it is always a subject of deep regret, and one on which it is
painful to dwell, presents on the present occasion a more than
usually sad aspect. Our obituary includes two of the most di-
stinguished men who have ever adorned our Society — Robert
Brown on our home list, and Alexander von Humboldt on that
of our foreign members, are names which it is an honour to this
Society and to any other to which they belonged, to have had en-
rolled amongst its members. The first scientific societies and
academies in Europe numbered them amongst their most honoured
associates ; and their mutual esteem and their high estimation of
each other's talents and labours reflected equal honour upon both.
To the scientific world the loss is indeed great ; and in our own
sphere, although, with the rest of the world, we lament the ex-
tinction of such a splendid light as Humboldt, yet as a few only of
our number enjoyed the happiness of his intimate friendship, our
feelings of personal and affectionate sorrow are more awakened by
the removal of him with whom we were ia the constant habit of
familiar and delightful intercourse.

But to both these great men is due the tribute of our sincere
and profound regret. On the one hand, the Prince of Botanists,
the man of universal information, of a rare and soHd wisdom, the
firm and constant friend, the kind and genial companion, the
honest and upright man ; — on the other, the profound philosopher,
the universal genius, comprehending within the vast grasp of his
muid such an extent and variety of knowledge, such an instinctive
perception of the truths of nature, as have rarely, if ever, fallen to
the lot of any man before him, — such are the two men whom, as
during this life they were the objects of our veneration and love,
we now, with a corresponding earnestness, deplore.

LIMKEAN SOCIETY OF LOND0>'. XVI 1

Any attempt on my part to do justice to this subject would be
wholly futile, in anticipation of the memorial which you will pre-
sently hear from our esteemed Secretary, whose facile pen displays
even more than its wonted eloquence when employed on the cha-
racter of those whom he has loved and respected ; but there are
one or two circumstances, to a knowledge of which I have had
incidental access, either connected with the career of Mr. Brown,
or in which I have been personally concerned, which I will beg
your permission to mention.

When a great man has departed from amongst us, and we are
enabled to take, as it were, a bird's-eye view of liis whole career,
and contemplate all that he has achieved in the sphere of action,
whatever that may be, in which he had distinguished himself,^ —
when, especially, there has been some one line of discovery in which
he has stood out from the ranks of his fellows, and with which his
name has become identified, — it is interesting to look back into
the distance and discern the one event, in itself probably trivial,
which formed the starting-point of his journey, and had given a
colour and a character to the subsequent history of liis life and fame.
A simple letter which now lies before me constituted such a
turning-point in the life and prospects of him whom we all de-
plore, and who gave a tone and impress to the science which he
pursued with such untiring zeal, with such bright and clear intel-
Kgence, and with such enduring residts. In a letter from Correa
da Seri'a, who was at that time a frequent visitor to the library of
Sir Joseph Banks, addressed to that distinguished patron of science,
the future Princeps Botanicorum is recommended to conduct the
Botanical investigations belonging to the proposed voyage of dis-
covery to New South Wales, then about to be undertaken under
the command of Flinders, and which was destined to lay the foun-
dation of a future fame coextensive with the regions in which his
transcendent labours could be appreciated. This remarkable letter
forms an item in the important mass of materials now consigned
to my temporary keeping, which I trust may hereafter form the
basis of a life of the distinguished President of the Eoval Society,
to whom I have just referred. It will be readily imagined that,
in the load of correspondence of which the greater part of these
documents consists, some records might be found which would
illustrate the intimate relation in which these two celebrated men
stood to each other, and the influence which the talents and
judgment and knowledge of Robert Brown must have exercised
upon his respected patron and friend. An indirect indication of

LINN. PROC. h

XVUl PROCEEDINGS OF THE

this influeuce is afforded by some letters from Sir Joseph Banks,
with reference to the unhappy voyage of Tuekey to the Congo,
which, as it refers to an incident in my own life, and to my first
introduction to my late revered friend, I trust that I shall be ex-
cused for relating. Many of you are aware that there was oftered
to me in the year 1815 the appointment of Naturalist to that ill-
fated expedition. I sought an interview with Sir Joseph Banks,
to whom I was referred for information, and with whom rested
that appointment. Sir Joseph Banks being absent, I had a long
conversation with Mr. Brown, then his librarian ; and he, with
his accustomed kindness, laid before me the difficulties, the dan-
gers, and the improbabilities of success, which presented at that
time such formidable discouragements to those who were to form
the expedition, and which were in great measure the cause of my
declining the appointment. Now, on looking over the voluminous
correspondence which I have mentioned, it struck me as highly
probable that I should find some allusion to the circumstances of
the expedition ; and I find, in several letters from Sir Joseph
Banks to the Grovernment, representations which coincide entirely,
as far as my memory serves me, with many of the dissuasive rea-
sons which Mr. Brown had urged upon me.

I win not trouble you longer upon these painful subjects, which
wiU presently be presented to you more at large. Happily there
are other and more cheerful matters to which it is my duty to
recur ; there is the white as well as the black side of the shield.

Of the presents which have been made to our library and col-
lections, besides an unusual number of valuable books of the
ordinary description, there are some which demand especial notice.
A large collection of desiderata has been presented by Mr. Bennett,
of books which had belonged to the late Mr. Brown, to the extent
of about 300 items, many of them of particular value to us ; and
we have just received from our respected Fellow, Mr. Cuming,
the gift of all the works, not already in our possession, from his
large collection of conchological publications, perhaps altogether
the most complete in the world — those presented to us amounting
to about 200 volumes. These munificent donations will fill up
many hiatus in our library, and render it very complete in those
departments to which the works particularly belong.

A very interesting addition has been recently made to our col-
lection of Linnean MSS. by the presentation of many original
letters of Linnaeus formerly belongiag to my old friend Dr. Matou,

i

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XIX

for many years a respected Vice-President of tlie Society; to
whose niece, Miss Wray of Eyde, we are indebted for this most
acceptable present.

In the Botanical collections we have received from Mr. James
Salter the whole of the Herbarium of British Plants of our lamented
Fellow, Dr. Bell Salter of Eyde ; which, in addition to its being
perhaps one of the most complete British Herbaria ever formed,
possesses a peculiar value from its containing the typical specimens
of his species in the genera Rosa, Buhus, Saxifraga and others, to
which, as is well known, he had paid especial attention. A com-
plete set of specimens from the great Javan Herbarium of our
venerable and distinguished Fellow, Dr. Horsfield, has also recently
been presented to us, by which our already extensive and highly
valuable Indian collections will be greatly increased in interest and
importance. These have already passed through tlie hands of our
Foreign Member, Professor Miquel of Amsterdam, now engaged on
a Flora of Java, by whom they have been named.

Before I conclude, it may perhaps be expected that I should
allude to a subject which has excited a good deal of anxiety, and,
at one time, some alarm in the minds of the Fellows of the
Societies which meet in this mansion — I mean the proposed erec-
tion of buildings for various objects connected with Science and
Art on the area of the ground belonging to this place. It was of
course to be expected, and greatly to be desired, that so advan-
tageous a site should not be left unoccupied whilst there were so
many Societies and Institutions connected with intellectual pur-
suits which were wholly unprovided with an independent local
habitation, or were but inconveniently and uncertainly placed.
Some have to obtain accommodation for themselves and at their
own expense ; and even those which enjoy the privilege of meeting
in apartments provided by the Grovernment, are wholly severed
from those kindred institutions, a near approximation of which
would be so mutually beneficial. It will be recollected that the
movement which some years since originated in the anxiety of a
number of Fellows of the Eoyal and other Societies to obtain
a juxtaposition of the Chartered Societies which represented
departments of Science, terminated in our obtaining from the
Government the present advantageous position for the three
bodies now occupying Burlington House. StiU the plan was but
imperfect, and we have always anticipated the probable appro-
priation of the whole site to the great object of bringing into one

*2

XX PnOCEEDINGS OF THE

focus all the principal institutions connected with Literature,
Science, and Art, with a grandeur and completeness worthy of the
nation.

Still it was matter of serious concern in what manner it should
be carried out. Whether the whole space should be appropriated
to this " holy alliance," or whether they should be locally associated
with offices of mere Government business, — whether the nature
and position of the buildings should be so arranged as to allow
the present noble erection to remain, and thus its present occu-
pants to retain their place within it undisturbed, or whether it
would be necessary, in carrying out the final plans of the archi-
tect, to level with the grovmd a building so handsome, so sub-
stantia \ and so well adapted to its present purpose. Supposing
the latter alternative to be decided upon, there sprung up the
important question whether the new buildings were to be com-
pleted and ready for our permanent occupation before we should
have to quit the tenure of our present abode. Although it is not
in my power to enter into any detail on the plan and arrange-
ments of the architects appointed by the Grovernment, I have
great satisfaction in being able to state confidently that there is
every disposition on their part to meet our wishes in the most
eifective and liberal manner. There will be no disturbance of the
Societies in these present apartments until the new ones are fit
for their reception. Our own accommodation will, there is every
reason to anticipate, be even more complete than at present ; and
I trust that our proximity to the Eoyal Society, from which both
have derived so much comfort, and I trust mutual accommodation
and advantage, will still be provided for.

Gentlemen, I will not detain you longer. With an increasing
revenue, with enlarged means of carrying out our mission, with a
list of Fellows more numerous, and I trust and believe more
energetic in the cause of Science than ever, I feel that I have a
right to conclude this address with the feeling of deep gratitude
for the past, of sincere cojigratulation on our present condition,
and of the brightest hope for our future prospects.

OBITIJAEr NOTICES.

The Secretary then read the following notices of deceased
Fellows, Foreign Members, and Associates : —

William John Broderif, Esq., was born in Bristol, November
21st, 1789. His father was an eminent medical practitioner in

LINNEAN SOCIETY OE LONDON, XXI

that sea-port, and his collections of shells and corals afforded the
child some of his earliest and favourite playthings. A schoolboy
at the Eev. S. Sayer's academy, one of the amusements of the
vacations was the arrangement and the study of the species of the
paternal museum ; so that when young Broderip proceeded to
Oxford, to be matriculated at Oriel College, he took with him, in
addition to that basis of sound classical knowledge, in forming
which Sayer had so high a reputation, a larger amount of zoolo-
gical knowledge than perhaps any member of the learned Univer-
sity at that time possessed.

Dr. Buckland, who then (1809) was Fellow and Tutor of Corpus
Christi College, wrote of Broderip, in a letter now in his son's
possession, " In my earlier years of residence at Oxford I took
my first lesson in field geology in a walk to Shotover Hill with
Mr. William John Broderip, of Oriel, whose early knowledge of
conchology enabled him to speak scientifically on the fossil shells
in the Oxford oolite formation, and of the fossil shells and sponges
of the greensand of the Vale of Pusey near Devizes, as to which
he had been instructed by the Rector of Prsey, Mr. Townsend,
the friend and fellow-labourer of Mr. Wrc. Smith, the father of
English geology. The fruits of my first walk with Mr. Broderip
formed the nucleus of my collection ..or my own cabinet."

The value of an early cultivation of Natural History has rarely
been exemplified in a more striking degree than in the cons?
quences of this collision of congenial minds, and in the splendid
results which may be attributed to the stimulus which the special
knowledge of the iindergraduate gave to the Fellow of Corpus,
who subsequently became the famous Professor of Greology in the
University of Oxford.

The sou and biographer of Dr. Buckland has remarked that
" in after years Mr. Broderip was associated with Dr. Buckland on
the closest terms of family friendship and intimacy ; and he ren-
dered him the greatest assistance in his scientific labours, more
especially in the revisal of the earlier editions of his ' Bridgewater
Treatise.' "

Mr. Broderip, besides his proficiency in the classical and dia-
lectic studies of Oxford, of which the influence is manifested in
his subsequent writings, attended the anatomical lectures of Sir
Christopher Pegge, and the chemical and mineralogical lectures of
Dr. Kidd.

After taking the degree of B. A. he proceeded to Loudon, entered
at the Inner Temple, and commenced the study of the law in the

XX;i PROCEEDINGS OF THE

chambers of Godfrey Sykes, having as fellow-students, Patterson
and Coleridge, who were subsequently raised to the Bench, In
1817 Mr. Broderip was called to the Bar, and selected the AVestern
Circuit. He soon became favourably known as a diligent pro-
secutor of the dry and difficult studies of his profession. He
published an edition of ' Callis on Sewers,' which has become a
law classic ; and, in conjunction with Mr. BLugham, tlie present
metropolitan magistrate, he brought ou^t three volumes of " Law
Eeports." Lord Sidmouth, in 1822, appointed Mr. Broderip ma-
gistrate at the Thames Police Office.

The arduous duties of police magistrate were performed by
Mr, Broderip at that office, and subsequently at the Westminster
Court, during thirt3^-four years, with a combination of sound legal
knowledge, firmness, good sense, kindly consideration, and com-
])assionate mercy in every admissible case, wliich established his
reputation as one of the best magistrates of which this vast metro-
polis has had the advantage, and which gained for him the con-
fidence and esteem of each successive Minister for the Home
Department.

The first seat of his judicial labours was in the midst of that
mighty fleet which brings to the port of London the treasures and
rarities of the world. Mr. Broderip's early fondness for Natural
History was here revived, and he availed himself of his environ-
ment to begin the formation of those collections of natural objects
which had been the source of the cherished pleasures of his
childhood.

The conchological cabinet of Mr. Broderip soon became classical ;
and there were few among the foreign Professors resorting to
London who did not avail themselves of Broderip's urbanity and
liberality, to visit and inspect the treasures Avhich were accumu-
lated in his chambers in Gray's Inn. This collection was ulti-
mately purchased by the British Museum.

Mr. Broderip was elected Fellow of the Linnean Society in
1824, of the Geological Society in 1825, and of the Eoyal Society
in 1828. He cooperated zealously with Sir Stamford Baffles, Sir
Humphry Davj^, Joseph Sabine, and Vigors in the formation of
the Zoological Society, of which he was one of the original Fel-
lows and Members of Council. He accepted the office of Secretary
of the Geological Society, and performed the arduous duties of
that office, conjointly with Murchison, to the year 1830. In a
note to the wiiter, Sii' Roderick testifies to Mr. Broderip's labours
of that period : " My coadjutor preserved the liieidus ordo of our

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONJDOJN'. XXIU

meetiugs, made our 'Abstracts,' and was, in truth, the Xaturalist
of the Society."

To the ' Transactions of the Geological Society ' (2nd series,
vol. V. p. 171), Mr. Broderip contributed a Paper " On some Fossil •
Crustacea and Eadiata found at Jjjme Regis in Dorsetshire. "
His description of " The Jaw of a Fossil Mammiferous Animal
found in the Stonesfield Slate," is published in the tbird volume
of tbe ' Zoological Journal.' To the same periodical Mr. Broderip
communicated " Observations upon tbe Volvox glohator,'^ " On tbe
Manners of a live Toucan exhibited in this country," " On the
Utility of preserving Facts relative to the Habits of Animals,
wdth additions to two Memoirs in ' White's Natural History of
Selborne,' " " On tbe mode in which the Boa Constrictor takes its
Prey," " On the Habits and Structure of Faguri and other Crus-
tacea," a "Notice on the Mus messorius" together with several
valuable conchological articles. The chief bulk of IVIr. Broderip's
original writings on Malacology was consigned to the * Proceed-
ings ' and ' Transactions ' of the Zoological Society. I may refer
to the Indexes of those collections and publications, and to the
* Bibliographia Zoologiae et Geologise,' published by the Eay Society,
for the titles of these numerous and valuable memoirs.

Few naturalists have more closely observed — none perhaps have
more graphically and pleasingly described — the habits of animals.
Mr. Broderip's " Accoimt of the Manners of a tame Beaver," one
of the pets that tenanted his cliambers, published in the work
entitled ' The Gardens and Menagerie of the Zoological Society '
(vol. i. p. 167), affords a favourable example of his tact as an
observer and power as a writer. Had circumstances permitted,
he would have been a Field Naturalist second only to Gilbert
White. When his friend Professor Owen became, through Eoyal
favour, the tenant of one of the lodges in Eichmond Park,
Broderip would spend there much time in close observation of
zoological phenomena afforded by the garden and the wooded
vicinity of Sheen Gate, A note announcing the commencement
of nidification in the adjacent rookery, or the arrival of a migra-
tory song-bird, would immediately bring the retired Police Magi-
strate to Eichmond Park. Many references to facts so observed
are made in those delightful combinations of profound and quaint
learning with direct and close observation of nature which were
contributed by Broderip to the ' New Monthly Magazine ' and to
' Frazer's Magazine,' and which he afterwards collected and re-
printed in the volumes entitled ' Zoological Eecreations ' (8vo,

XXIV PROCEEDINGS OF THE

1847), and 'Leaves from the Note-book of a Naturalist' (8vo,
1851).

Mr. Broderip was ever ready to aid a brother Natui'alist. His
collections, his rare zoological library, his pure classical taste and
varied accomplishments, made the assistance he was able to give
most valuable. We find it freely acknowledged in the early
editions of Sir C. Lyell's ' Principles of Geology,' in the ' British
Fishes ' of Tarrell, in the ' Silurian System ' of Murchisou, and
the ' Bridge water Treatise ' of Buckland. Broderip communicated
a most valuable " Table of the Situations and Depths at which
recent Genera of Marine and Estuary Shells have been observed,"
to the Appendix of De la Beche's ' Researches in Theoretical
Geology,' and, in conjunction with Captain King, " Descriptions
of the CiiTipedia, Conchifera, and Mollusca collected during the
A^oyage of H.M.S. i\-dventure and Beagle, 1826-30" (Zoological
Journal).

To the ' Quarterly Review' Mr. Broderip contributed articles
on the Zoological Gardens, on the Vine, on the Cetacea and
Whale-fisheries, on the Writings of Captain Basil Hall, on the
Bridgewater Treatise of Dr. Buckland, &c. But the main bulk
of this indefatigable student's zoological writings are contained
in the ' Penny Cyclopaedia,' viz. from Ast to the end, including
the whole of the articles relating to " Mammals," " Birds," " Re^
tiles," " Crustacea," " Mollusca," " Conchifera," " Cirrigrada,"
" Pulmograda," &c., " Buffon," " Brisson," &c., and "Zoology."

At the latter period of his career Mr. Broderip was elected
"Bencher" and "Treasurer" of Gray's Inn, and to him was
confided the especial charge of the library of that ancient and
honourable Society.

An attack of deafness, whicli resisted all the remedies applied,
led Mr. Broderip to resign his ofiice as Magistrate at the West-
minster Police Court in 1856. His strict conscientiousness being
equalled by a most delicate consideration for the feelings of others,
he withdrew from much of that society of which the peculiar
charms of his conversation and extensive and varied knowledge
had made him an ornament and cherished member. His visits
were now restricted to a very few of his oldest and most con-
fidential friends, and he pursued his literary occupation with
redoubled assiduity. His last publication, " On the Shark," ap-
peared in the March Number of ' Prazer's Magazine.' It was the
" first part" of an article on that subject, and bears all the marks
of a mind in full intellectual vigour. On Saturday the 26th of

LINNEAN SOCIETY OE LONDON. XXV

February, 1859, Mr. Broderip dined alone, at his chambers, re-
turned to his favourite occupation in the evening, and retired to
rest, leaving some sheets of his neat and fair MS. on his writing-
table. He became unwell in the night, but did not consider him-
self so ill as to require medical aid ; when it was obtained in the
course of the following day, the symptoms of a fatal serous
apoplexy had supervened, and he expired on the night of the
27th of February, aged 70.

Sir Arthur Brooke de Capell BrooJce, Bart., M.A., was born in
Bolton Street, May Fair, in the year 1791, and was educated at
Magdalen College, Oxford, where he took his degree of Bachelor
of Arts in 1810. In the same year he entered the army, and
took the rank of Major in 1846. In 1823 he became a Fellow of
the Linnean and of the E-oyal Societies, and subsequently also of
the Geological. He died on the 6th of last December, at his seat,
Oakley Hall, near Kettering, Northamptonshire, in the 68th
year of his age.

In offering a brief sketch of the career of the greatest Botanist
of the age, who for half a centiiry formed the glory and ornament
of our Society, our attention is chiefly arrested by his intense
devotion to his favourite study, and by the calm, reflecting, and
philosophical spirit which he brought to bear upon its pursuit, the
combination of which qualities were alone sufficient to raise him,
by his own unassisted efforts, to the highest position in the world
of Science. Bohert Brown, Bsq., D.G.L., was the second and
only surviving son of the Eev. James Brown, A.M., Episcopalian
Minister of Montrose, by Helen, daughter of the Eev. Eobert
Taylor, and was born in that town on the 21st of December, 1773.
Several generations of his maternal ancestors were, like his father,
ministers of the Scottish Episcopalian Church, and from them lie
appears to have inherited a strong attachment to logical and meta-
physical studies, the effects of which are so strikingly manifested
in the philosophical character of his botanical investigations. At
an early age he was sent to the Gi'ammar-school of his native
town, where among his contemporaries was a boy of kindred
talents, the late Mr. James Mill, with whom he maintained
through life an uninterrupted intimacy. In 1787 he was entered
at Marischal College, Aberdeen, where he immediately obtained
a Ramsay bursary in Philosophy ; and about two years afterwards,
on his father quitting Montrose to reside in Edinburgh, he was
removed to the University of that city, in which he continued his
studies for several years, but without taking a degree, although

XXVI PEOCEEDINOS OF THE

destined for the medical profession. At this early period the
strong inclination of his mind to the study of Botany gained for
him the favovirable notice of the amiable Professor of Natural
History, Dr. Walker; and he was induced, in the year 1791
(being then in the eighteenth year of his age), to lay before the
Natural History Society, of which he was a member, his earliest
Paper, containing an enumeration of such plants as had been dis-
covered in North Britain subsequent to the publication of Light-
foot's ' Mora Scotica,' with critical notes and observations. Al-
though this Paper, like most of those read before the Society, was
not intended for publication, it led to the communication of his
specimens and observations to Dr. Withering, who was then en-
gaged in the preparation of the second edition of his ' Arrange-
ment of British Plants,' and laid the foundation of a warm and
intimate friendship between them. In 1795, soon after the embodi-
ment of the Pifeshire Eegiment of Fencible Infantry, he obtained
in it the double commission of Ensign and Assistant -Surgeon, and
proceeded with it to the North of Ireland, in various parts of
which he was stationed until the summer of 1798, when he was
detached to England on recruiting service. Portunately for him-
self and for science, this service enabled him to pass several
months, during this and the succeeding year, in London, where
he availed himself to the utmost of the library and collections of
Sir Joseph Banks, from whom his already established botanical
reputation obtained for him a cordial reception. In 1799 he re-
turned to his regimental duties in Ireland, from which he was
finally recalled, in December of the following year, by a letter
from Sir Joseph Banks, proposing for his acceptance the post of
Naturalist in the Expedition for surveying the coasts of New
Holland, then fitting out under the command of Captain Flinders,
Within two days of the receipt of this letter, which placed within
his reach the so-much coveted opportunity of devoting himself
entirely to his favourite pursuit, he quitted the regiment and the
military service ; and in the summer of 1801 he embarked at
Portsmouth, full of ardour and confident of success. His absence
from England lasted more than four years, during which the
southern, eastern, and northern coasts of New Holland, and the
southern part of Van Diemen's Land, were thoroughly explored.
In the month of October 1805 he arrived in Liverpool with a col-
lection of dried plants amounting to nearly 4000 species, a large
proportion of which were not only new to science, but exhi-
bited new and extraordinary combinations of character and habit.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXvil

Immediately on his arrival in England, he was appointed Librarian
of the Liunean Society, of which he had been elected an Associate
in 1798. During his voyage he had been indefatigable in de-
scribing with the minutest accuracy the whole of the materials
which he had collected, and in the accumulation of a vast store of
facts and observations in relation to their structure and affinities,
as well as to aU the most important points in the anatomy and
physiology of plants in general. The new \dews which were thus
opened to him on a multitude of botanical subjects, he was en-
abled, by his position at the Linnean Society, and by the free and
unrestricted access which Avas Kberally accorded to him to the
treasures of the Banksian Library and Herbarium, to enlarge and
to perfect, and to lay them before the world in a series of masterly
publications, which at once stamped upon him the character of the
greatest and most philosophical botanist that England had ever
produced. In 1810 appeared the first volume of his ' Prodromus
Florae Novae HoUandiae et Insulae Yan Diemen,' which was re-
ceived by aU the more profound botanists of this country and of
the continent as the work of a mind thoroughly imbued with the
principles of the Natural System, and giving to that system, which
had hitherto found little favour out of France, a wider and a firmer
basis. This important work, together with his Memoirs on Pro-
teacece and Asclepiadece, which immediately followed, and his * Ge-
neral Remarks, Greographical and Systematical, on the Botany of
Terra Australis,' appended to the ' Narrative of Captain Flinders's
Voyage,' published in 1814, by displaying in the most instructive
form the superior advantages of the Natural System, whether in
the monographic description of separate families, or in the com-
parison of the families with each other and with the entire mass
of vegetation, gave new life to that system, and speedily led to its
universal adoption. A series of Memoirs followed, chiefly in the
Transactions of the Linnean Society, or in the appendices to vari-
ous books of travel and survey, which gave fuUer and more com-
plete development to his views on almost every department of
botanical science, and induced the illustrious Humboldt not only
to confer upon him the title of " Botanicorum facile Princeps,"
but also to salute him with the more comprehensive and expressive
designation conveyed in the dedication of the ' Synopsis Plan-
tarum Orbis Novi,' "Roberto Brownio, Britanniarum Glorije
atque Ornamento, totam Botanices Scientiam ingenio mirifico
complectcnti." At the close of the year 1810, on the death of his
old and intimate friend, the laborious, accurate and learned Dry-

XXVlll PBOCEEDINGS OF THE

ander, he succeeded to the office of Librarian to Sir Joseph Bauks,
who (on his death in 1820) bequeathed to him for life the use and
enjoyment of his library and collections. These were subse-
quently, in 1827, with Mr. Brown's assent, and in conformity with
the provisions of Sir Joseph's will, transferred to the British Mu-
seum ; and from this latter date to his death, a period of upwards
of thirty years, he continued to fill the office of Keeper of the
Botanical Collections in the National Establishment. Soon after
the death of Sir Joseph Banks he had resigned the Librarianship
of the Linnean Society, of which he then became a Fellow ; and
having been for many years one of its Vice-Presidents, was at last
prevailed upon, in 1849, to allow himself to be elected President.
This office he retained till 1853. He became a Fellow of the
Eoyal Society in 1811, and was several times elected into the
Council. In 1839 he received its highest honour in the Copley
Medal, presented to him " for his discoveries during a series of
years on the subject of vegetable impregnation." In the mean-
time honours and titles had flowed in upon him from all quarters ;
and nearly every scientific Society both at home and abroad felt
itself honoured by enrolling his name in the list of its Members.
In 1832, the University of Oxford conferred upon him, in con-
junction with Dalton, Paraday, and Brewster, the honorary degree
of D.C.L. In the succeeding year he was elected one of the
eight Foreign Associates of the Academy of Sciences of the Insti-
tute of France, his name being selected from a list including those
of nine other savans of world-wide reputation, nearly every one of
whom has since been elected to the same distinguished honour.
During the administration of Sir Robert Peel, he received, in re-
cognition of his great eminence in botan 'cal science, a pension on
the Civil List of £200 per annum. The King of Prussia subse-
quently decorated him with the cross of the highest Prussian
CivU Order, " Pour le Merite."

Among the more important of his Memoirs above referred to,
may be mentioned his Papers on Compositce, on Bqfflesia, and on
the Fecundation of Orchidece and Asclepiadece, in the Linnean
Transactions ; the botanical appendices to the Voyages or Travels
of Tuckey, Parry, Franklin, Abel, King, and Denham ; his Papers
on Active Molecules, and on the plurality of Embryos in Conifer ce,
and his contributions to Wallich's ' Plantae Asiaticse,' and to Hors-
field's ' Plantje Javanicse.' Of his later publications, the most
remarkable are his " Botanical Appendix to Captain Sturt's Expe-
dition into Central Australia," published in 1849 ; and his Me-

LINNEAK SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXIX

moir " On Triplosporite, an undescribed Fossil Fruit," published
in the Linnean Transactions in 1851. The pervading and distin-
guishing character of all these writings is to be found in the com-
bination of the minutest accuracy of detail wTith the most compre-
hensive generalization. No theory is propounded which does not
rest for its foundation on the most circumspect investigation of
all attainable facts. In perusing them, we are first struck with
the evident completeness of the investigation, and next with the
Avonderful sagacity with which the ascertained facts are brought to
bear upon the question at issue. And these distinguishing quali-
ties are equally obvious throughout the wide range of objects
treated of, whether in the anatomy, the physiology, the classifica-
tion, the description, the distribution, or the affinities of plants,
and in the examination both of recent and fossil structures. Amons:
the most important anatomical and physiological subjects of which
they treat, particular mention is due to the discovery of the
nucleus of the vegetable cell, and of the circumscribed circulation
on the walls of particular cells ; the development of the stamina,
together with the mode of feciuidation, in AsclepiadecB and Or-
cJiidece; the development of the pollen and of the ovulum in
Phsenogamous plants, with the peculiarities of the latter in Coni-
ferd and Gycadece, and the bearing of these facts upon the general
subject of impregnation ; the origin and development of the sporea
of Mosses ; and the discovery of the peculiar motions which take
place in the "active molecviles" of matter when seen suspended
ill a fluid under the microscope. Of structural investigations,
the most important are those which establish the relation of a
flower to the axis from which it is derived, and of the parts of a
flower to each other, as regards both position and number ; the
analogy between stamina and pistilla ; the neiu-ation of the corolla
of Compositce, their aestivation and inflorescence ; and the struc-
ture of the stems of Gycadece, both recent and fossil. To the study
of fossil botany Mr. Brown was always strongly attached, and with
a view to its prosecution he formed an extensive and valuable col-
lection of fossil woods, which he has bequeathed under certain
conditions to the British Museum. His collections in other de-
partments were also considerable, and his library very extensive.

In private life Mr. Brown's character was thoroughly estimable.
Shrinking, ^vith instinctive modesty, from all public employments,
whether professional or otherwise, which appeared to involve any-
thing like display, he was sometimes thought, by those who knew
him little, to be cold, distant, and reserved ; while those who were

XXX PROCEEDINGS OF THE

admitted to tlie privilege of bis iutimacy bear unanimous testi-
mony to bis unvarying kindness of beart, tbe genial vs armtb of bis
feelings, and tbe pure benevolence of bis disposition. To a mind
stored witb anecdote be united a strong sense of bumour, and a
bappy facility in its expression, Avbicb rendered bim a most de-
ligbtful companion. And wben to tbese qualities we add his per-
fect simple-mindedness, bis unswerving devotion to trutb, and tbat
singular uprigbtness of judgment, wbicb rendered bim on all diffi-
cult occasions a most invaluable counsellor, we sball easily per-
ceive bow it was tbat be became so warmly endeared to tbe bearts
of bis friends. From tlie deatb of Sir Josepb Banks, wbo be-
queatbed to bim bis bouse in Sobo Square, be continued to occupy
that portion of it wbicb opened upon Dean Street ; and it was in
the library of tbat illustrious man, tbe scene of bis labours for
sixty years, suri'ounded by bis books and by bis collections, tbat
be breathed bis last, on the lOtb of June in tbe present year, and
in tbe eighty-fifth year of bis age.

John Cator, Esq., of Beckenham Place, in the county of Kent,
is referred to by Mr. Lambert as connected with Natural History
by his uncle's marriage with tbe daughter of Peter Collinson, and
tbe consequent possession of those MS. Notes on Botanical sub-
jects, by Collinson, wbicb Mr. Lambert made tbe foimdation of a
Paper in the tenth volume of our ' Transactions,' and which tbe
late Mr. Dillwyn subsequently printed separately under tbe title
of ' Hortus Collinsonianus ' 8vo : Swansea, 1843. Mr. Cator be-
came a Pellow of the Linnean Society in 1811, and died at bis
house at Beckenham on tbe 20tb of August, 1858, at tbe age
of 76.

Bichard Chambers, JSsq., was born in London, in 1784. He
was educated for tbe profession of a schoolmaster, and for many
years had one of tbe largest private schools in tbe metropolis.
Early in life he evinced a fondness for tbe study of natural history.
He was elected a PeUow of the Linnean Society in 1822, and con-
tinued so to tbe close of his life, making occasional communica-
tions to tbe Society, besides being the author of ' An Introduction
to the Study of Botany,' Loud. 16mo, 1847, and of many scattered
Papers on kindred subjects in different periodicals. He was also
one of tbe first members of tbe Zoological Society, having been
one of tbe Zoological Club — tbe parent of tbat Society. As a
teacher, he contributed largely to the cause of popular education.
He was associated with Earl Stanhope and Lord Brougham in the
first endeavours to establish schools for all, and tbe present system

LTNNEAN SOCIETT OF LONDON. XXXI

of National Education owed mucli to the warm approval of his
system by the Government Commissioners, after several official
visits and lengthened communications. Mr. Chambers was the
author of many works connected with education ; he was an early
member of the Society of Arts, an enthusiastic admirer of the fine
arts, occasionally a public critic on the subject, and formed a
choice collection of works by British artists. Besides his per-
sonal friends and relatives, some thousands of pupils, many now
rising in the ranks of literature, science, and the arts, will recall
with pleasure the instructions they received from his amply stored
mind, his enthusiastic love of nature, his high moral precepts and
example, his genial kindliness, and his energetic endeavours to sow
and foster the seeds of all worthy knowledge. The last ten years
of his life were passed in retirement, and he died at Balderton, in
Nottinghamshire, Dec. 20th, 1858, in the 74th year of his age.

John Samuel Gaskoin, Esq., was born at Bagshot in Surrey in
September 1790, and received his education at a private school.
At the age of sixteen he became a house-pupil of the Marylebone
Infirmary, and subsequently attended the necessary lectures,
together with the hospital practice of St. George's, St. Bartholo-
mew's, and the Westminster Lying-in Hospital. In 1816 he went
to Paris, where he remained about two years, still prosecuting his
medical studies. On his return to London he established himself
in practice, and in 1823 he was appointed Surgeon in Ordinary to
King George the Fourth at Brighton, and in 1830 received a
similar appointment to King William the Fourth. He was for
many years Surgeon to Her Majesty's Theatre, Consulting Sur-
geon to the London Infirmaiy for Diseases of the Skin, and Ho-
norary Surgeon to the Royal Freemason's Institution for Female
Children. His attachment to Natural History, and especially to
Conchology, led him to form a considerable collection of shells,
which was particularly rich in the species of Cyprcea, Marginella,
and Columbella ; and several Papers " Oji New Species of Cyprcea "
in the ' Proceedings of the Zoological Society,' bear witness to
the extent both of his collections and of his scientific knowledge
of them. He became a Fellow of the Linnean Society' in 1853,
and, as a frequent attendant at our meetings, was well known to a
large number of our members as an amiable man of large informa-
tion, and a very agreeable companion. In the Zoological Society
and at the Art Union he also took an active part. He died sud-
denly of disease of the heart, at his house in Clarges Street, May
Fair, while engaged in writing down the description of some shells

XXXn PROCEEDINGS OF THE

in his cabinet, on the evening of the 5th of October, 1858, in the
69th year of his age.

Thomas Charles Harrison, Esq., wSiS the son of William Har-
rison, Esq., Q.C., a respected Fellow of our Society, of whom a
short obituary notice is contained in the Anniversary Proceedings
for 1842. The son, who became a Fellow of the Linnean Society
in 1821, was placed by bis father in the Treasury, of which he was
Counsel, and became Principal Clerk in that department of the
public service, after the murder of Mr. Drummond. He became
r.E-.S. in 1845, was a frequent attendant at our meetings, and,
besides an inclination for Natural History, had a considerable
taste for the fine arts, and had formed a valuable collection of
paintings He died on the 2nd of May, 1858, at the age of 65.

Bohert George Holland, Esq., M.D., became a Licentiate of the
Society of Apothecaries in 1817, and a Fellow of the College of
Physicians in Edinburgh in 1838. In the same year he was
elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society. He practised for many
years as a Physician at Sheffield, and died on the 18th of No-
vember, 1857, at Hornsey Lane, near London.

The Rev. John Howson, M.A., was born at Giggleswick, near
Settle in Yorkshire, in 1787, and was educated in the Grammar-
school of that place, of which he himself was afterwards Second
Master for the long period of forty-five years. This is the school
at which the celebrated Archdeacon Paley was educated ; and the
Archdeacon's father was Head Master when Mr. Howson' s studies
began there. Giggleswick is close to the great Craven fault in
the West E-iding. Mr. Howson was an ardent lover of nature
in all her aspects ; and many were the rambles which he used to
take with his pupUs over a district peculiarly rich in botanical
treasures. He became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1822,
and died at Giggleswick on the 23rd of January in the present
year, at the age of 72.

Sir Henry John Lamhert, Bart., was born on the 5th of Au-
gust, 1792, and in 1803 succeeded his father in the baronetcy.
In 1820 he became a Fellow of the Linnean Society, and was also
a Fellow of the Horticultural. He died at his seat, Aston Hall,
Tetsworth, in the county of Oxford, on the 17th of December
last, in the 67th year of his age.

Edward Moore, Esq., M.D., was the youngest son of Joseph
Moore, Esq., of Plymouth, and was born in that town in the year
1794. He was principally educated at the Grammar-school at
Plympton, and commenced his medical studies at Honiton. In

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXxiii

1815 he was admitted a Member of the Eoyal College of Surgeous
in London ; in 1827 M.D. of the University of Edinburgh ; and
in 1828 he became a Fellow of the Linnean Society. He was for
many years surgeon of the North Devon Militia, and was one of
the founders of the Plymouth Infirmary for Diseases of the Eye,
of which he continued for thirty -three years to act, first as surgeon,
and afterwards as physician, and to which he bequeathed a con-
siderable legacy. The Plymouth Athenaeum also owed much to
his exertions : he was for many years actively employed as its
Secretary, and was also a Vice-President, and for a time President.
Here he lectured repeatedly on a great variety of scientific sub-
jects. Up to the last he continued to devote his attention to its
Museum as Curator of the Geological Collection, the arrangement
of which was among his latest acts. He attached himself also
more especially to the study of zoology in several of its depart-
ments, and contributed numerous papers to scientific periodicals
on zoological and geological subjects. Those enumerated in the
' Bibliographia Geologife et Zoologiae ' of the Eay Society are as
follows : —

1. On a new British Fish. — Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. i. p. 17.

2. On the Birds of Devonshire.— 7&?W. pp. 113, 176, 227, 319

361.

3. On the Change of Plumage in the Gruillemot. — Ihicl. p. 607.

4. On the occurrence of the Teredo navalis and Limnoria iere-

h'ans in Plymouth Harbour. — Ihid. vol. ii. p. 206.

5. Notice on the Pilot-fish {Naucrates ductor). — Ann. Sf Mag.

Nat. Hist. vol. viii. p. 316.

6. Catalogue of the Malacostracous Crustacea of South Devon.—

Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. ii. p. 284.

7. On the Discovery of Organic Remains in a raised Beach in tlie

Limestone Clifi" under the Hoe at Plymoiith. — Sep. Brit.

Assoc. 1841, Sect. p. 62, &c.
In the pursuit of these various branches of study, he was in fre-
quent correspondence with YarreU., De la Beche, Buckland and
others, to whom he communicated many important facts. For
the last four years of his life he was a Magistrate of his native
town ; and the estimation in which he was there held may be
judged from the fact that his funeral was escorted by a numerous
attendance of all the public bodies, the Members of the Medical
Society, the Literary Institution, &c. He died at his residence in
Athenseum Terrace, on the 17th of July, 1858, at the age of 64.
The Right Hon. Frederick John Eohinson, first Furl of Ripon,

LINN. PEOC, c

XXXIV PROCEEDINGS OE THE

was the youBger sou of Thomas second Lord Grantham, and was
born in London, on the 30th of October, 1782. From Harrow,
where he was contemporary with Peel, Aberdeen, Palmerston,
and Byron, he proceeded to St. John's College, Cambridge, where
he graduated as M.A. in 1802. In 1804 he became Private Secre-
tary to his relative Lord Hardwicke, then Lord Lieutenant of
Ireland ; and from this time forward filled a variety of different
offices in successive Administrations, until on the death of Can-
ning in 1827, he became for a short time Prime Minister. On
the formation of the Ministry of Earl Grrey in 1830, he again re-
turned to office, and continued, with brief intervals of retirement,
to fill various cabinet offices, until the close of Sir Eobert Peel's
Administration in 1846, when he finally retired into private life.
His Lordship married in 1814 Lady Sarah Hobart, only daughter
of the late Earl of Buckinghamshire, by whom he leaves one only
surviving child, George Frederick Samuel, the present Earl, also
a respected Fellow of our Society, of the Council of which he has
been an active member. The late Earl became Fellow of the
Linnean Society in 1852, and died on the 28th of